Overview: COVID-19's impact on health care systems

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Running head: CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
Corona Virus and Impact on Healthcare
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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1CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
Table of Contents
1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................2
1.1. Problem Statement............................................................................................................3
1.2. Aims and Objectives of the Research...............................................................................3
1.3. Research Questions...........................................................................................................4
2. Review of Literature.................................................................................................................4
2.1. Gaps in the Review of Literature......................................................................................6
3. Research Methods....................................................................................................................7
3.1. Research Philosophy.........................................................................................................7
3.2. Research Design................................................................................................................7
3.3. Data Collection and Analysis............................................................................................7
3.4. Sample Population............................................................................................................8
3.5. Sampling Technique.........................................................................................................8
3.6. Ethical Factors...................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9
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2CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
1. Introduction
The corona virus is a single virus belonging to an entire family of viruses and it is known
to cause ailments such as the common cold, or illnesses of a more serious nature such as the
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (Lillie et al.
2020). The Coronavirus disease, which is referred to by the acronym COVID-19, is a brand new
strain of viruses that emerged for the first time in the month of December in 2019, in the region
of Wuhan in China, from where it spread all over the country, and later to other neighboring
countries, gradually spreading to each and every corner of the globe (Thompson 2020). By the
month of March 2020, COVID-19 is seen to have plagued and taken lives in each and every part
of the world, in countries of the Global North as well as the Global South. Some of the Western
nations that are severely impacted by this virus are the United States of America and the United
Kingdom among others (Keeling et al. 2020). In the wake of COVID 19, a desperate attempt has
been made by the governments of all nations of the globe to enhance their healthcare facilities
and introduce new healthcare measures that can help to suitably isolate people suffering from the
virus, offer treatment and also protect those who have not come into contact with the virus as yet
(Moss et al. 2020). This assignment prepares a research proposal that seeks to investigate the
impact that the outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic has had on the healthcare industry in the
United Kingdom. The proposal mentions the primary aims and objectives of the research, the key
questions that are to be answered by the investigation, a review of literature on the subject is
undertaken and the methods that are going to be used to conduct the investigation are also
outlined. Additionally, the ethical factors that are to be taken into consideration when carrying
out the study are mentioned towards the end of the proposal.
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3CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
1.1. Problem Statement
The outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic is relatively recent. It was only in the month of
December that the virus surfaced for the first time in Wuhan, in China from where it was
transmitted by human carriers to each and every part of the country (Flear et al. 2020). Travelers
from China carried the disease to neighboring countries of Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam and
international tourists visiting such destinations contracted the virus and carried it to their
respective countries, be it in the Global North or in the Global South (Razai et al. 2020). As a
result, the virus managed to spread to all corners of the world and has claimed the lives of quite a
few people, especially in European countries like Italy which were ill prepared for such a virus
outbreak (Thompson 2020). The United Kingdom has also been quite severely impacted by the
virus outbreak and most if not all the people in the country have been urged to engage in social
distancing and to stay in isolation. The healthcare industry in the United Kingdom has had to
really step up to meet this challenge and while the existing literature on the subject of virus
outbreak and healthcare responses does address how challenges in this respect are to be
overcome, the COVID-19 with all its novelty is not a subject that has been researched upon as
yet, especially with respect to the type of impact that it has had on the healthcare industry in the
UK up until now (Flear et al. 2020). This investigation will address this gap in the literature by
attempting to see the specific impact that COVID-19 has had on healthcare professionals and the
healthcare industry in the United Kingdom.
1.2. Aims and Objectives of the Research
The aims and objectives of this study are as follows –
To understand the impact of COVID 19 on the healthcare industry in the UK

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4CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
To determine the challenges faced by healthcare professionals in the UK in the wake
of COVID 19
To determine the ways by which the challenges faced by healthcare professionals in
the UK in the wake of COVID 19 can be overcome
1.3. Research Questions
The most important questions that are to be answered by the present investigation are as
follows –
RQ 1 – What is the impact of COVID 19 on the healthcare industry in the UK?
RQ 2 – What are the challenges faced by healthcare professionals in the UK in the wake of
COVID 19?
RQ 3 – What are the ways by which the challenges faced by healthcare professionals in the UK
in the wake of COVID 19 can be overcome?
2. Review of Literature
Robert et al. (2019) have researched on the ways by which the outbreak of the dangerous
Ebola virus was suitably controlled and a comparison has been drawn up by the researchers
between the health care workers who were involved in controlling the outbreak of this virus and
the use of various types of vaccination strategies. In the view of Robert et al. (2019) healthcare
workers are always prone to the risk of infection as they have to directly deal with people who
are contaminated and who are suffering from some type of disease or the other. According to
Robert et al. (2019) vaccinating healthcare workers before and after the outbreak of an epidemic
is something that can keep such healthcare workers safe from physical danger at the time of
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5CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
performing their duties and responsibilities. The results of this research show that healthcare
workers by virtue of the fact that they received and undertook community vaccination strategies
not only successfully controlled the outbreak of the disease but also kept themselves safe from
any type of harm or contamination. Vaccination is therefore of the utmost importance as argued
by Robert et al. (2019) when it comes to managing and protecting people afflicted by disease and
healthcare workers need to go through the vaccination process before they embark on their duties
as well as after it, in order to stay safe and keep others around them, safe.
Ousman et al. (2019) have engaged in a study of how the implementation of impact
prevention measures and control measures for a disease like Ebola proved to be successful, when
conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). According to the researchers the
refresher training of healthcare workers accompanied by measures that ensured that healthcare
supplies were made available on time for those who were victims of this epidemic played a
crucial role in bringing the Ebola outbreak in the region of the DRC under complete control. It is
thus argued by Ousman et al. (2019) that healthcare workers have to be provided with the type of
medical training that is necessary to deal with the management of a virus outbreak and only then
will they be in a position to conduct the operations necessary to bring this under control.
Jalloh (2019) has conducted research in order to arrive at an understanding of the
economic impact that the Ebola outbreak has had in the region of Western Africa. It is primarily
empirical research that has been undertaken by Jalloh (2019), who states that the Ebola outbreak
which occurred in West Africa in the year 2014 is one of the most devastating outbreaks that the
country has seen in the entire history of its existence. From West Africa, it is argued by the
researcher that the outbreak of the disease is seen to have spread to other parts of the African
continent as well. It is stated by Jalloh (2019) that the Ebola outbreak in West Africa is one that
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6CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
had an adverse impact not only on the economy of the region but also on the health of the care
givers at this time and it created a burden on the healthcare industry in the region as a whole.
Pravin et al. (2020) have proposed the use of fog computing for the creation of a secure
and reliable healthcare framework that can be used to fight the outbreak of the Dengue virus.
Dengue, generated by mosquito bites, is an ailment that is brought on by the virus of the same
name, and which is transmitted by mosquitos and it has claimed lives among people living in the
Global South especially those who reside in poverty and destitution in the Indian subcontinent.
The fog computing framework is one of a kind and as proposed by Pravin et al. (2020) there are
number of trial runs that still need to be carried out before successful determining whether or not
this can be used for bringing the spread or outbreak of the Dengue virus under control by a
considerable degree.
2.1. Gaps in the Review of Literature
The literature that has been reviewed above has shown that healthcare workers need to be
properly vaccinated and they also need to be given the right training to handle a virus outbreak,
especially if it is an epidemic. The review of literature has also shown that there are certain types
of frameworks that can be used to fight the outbreak of disease and that since the health of care
workers is often jeopardized, they need adequate training and strategy that they must implement
in order to keep themselves safe and to help those around them. The review of literature has not
pointed out the specific impact that a virus like COVID 19 has on the healthcare industry and on
healthcare professionals in the UK, owing to the novelty of the disease and its recent occurrence.
This gap in the review of literature will be addressed in the current investigation being
undertaken.

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7CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
3. Research Methods
3.1. Research Philosophy
The type of research philosophy that will be adopted to carry out this investigation is the
positivist research philosophy. The reason why positivism is being chosen is because it allows
for the subject matter of the investigation to be understood and analyzed in significant detail
(Myers 2019).
3.2. Research Design
The research design that is being adopted for the present investigation is the descriptive
or analytical research design. Once again, such a research design is being chosen because of the
fact that it facilitates the investigator to understand the subject matter in plenty of detail (Myers
2019).
3.3. Data Collection and Analysis
It is qualitative research that will be used for arriving at answers to all the important
questions posed in the study. Structured interviews will be carried out with a respondent
population, followed by focus group discussions and participant observation behavior will be
implemented too. Secondary research will be conducted at the same given time, on the subject
matter by referring to books and journal articles on the same. The findings of the investigation
will be subjected to what is termed as thematic analysis. The main themes chosen for analysis
will be based on the research questions (Hennink et al. 2020).
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8CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
3.4. Sample Population
The size of the sample population will be kept restricted to 25 respondents, all of whom
are working at Kings Cross Hospital in London and who are having to deal with the many
challenges that are posed by the outbreak of the Corona virus in this part of the world.
3.5. Sampling Technique
The random and convenient sampling technique shall be utilized in order to create the
respondent population (Hennink et al. 2020). The participants in the whole research process are
going to be chosen on the basis of the ease with which they can be accessed or reached out to.
3.6. Ethical Factors
There are quite a few ethical factors that are going to be taken into consideration when
carrying out this study.
To begin with, the identity of the respondent population will be kept strictly anonymous.
The interviews will take place at a time that is convenient for the research participants as
will the focus group discussions.
All secondary sources that are used to conduct the investigation will be properly cited
using the Harvard style of referencing.
The questions asked in the interviews and focus group discussions will be related directly
to the topic of the study and will not be personal (Myers 2019).
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9CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
References
Flear, M., de Ruijter, A. and McKee, M., 2020. Coronavirus shows how UK must act quickly
before being shut out of Europe’s health protection systems. Bmj, 368.
Hennink, M., Hutter, I. and Bailey, A., 2020. Qualitative research methods. SAGE Publications
Limited
Jalloh, M., 2019. Estimating the economic impact of the 2014 Ebola virus outbreak in West
Africa: an empirical approach. International Journal of Healthcare Policy, 1(1), pp.1-23
Keeling, M.J., Hollingsworth, T.D. and Read, J.M., 2020. The Efficacy of Contact Tracing for
the Containment of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). medRxiv
Lillie, P.J., Samson, A., Li, A., Adams, K., Capstick, R., Barlow, G.D., Easom, N., Hamilton, E.,
Moss, P.J., Evans, A. and Ivan, M., 2020. Novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19): the first two
patients in the UK with person to person transmission. Journal of Infection
Moss, P., Barlow, G., Easom, N., Lillie, P. and Samson, A., 2020. Lessons for managing high-
consequence infections from first COVID-19 cases in the UK. The Lance
Myers, M.D., 2019. Qualitative research in business and management. Sage Publications
Limited
Ousman, K., Kabego, L., Talisuna, A., Diaz, J., Mbuyi, J., Houndjo, B., Ngandu, J.P., Omba, G.,
Aruna, A., Mossoko, M. and Djingarey, M.H., 2019. The impact of Infection Prevention and
control (IPC) bundle implementationon IPC compliance during the Ebola virus outbreak in

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10CORONA VIRUS AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
Mbandaka/Democratic Republic of the Congo: a before and after design. BMJ open, 9(9),
p.e029717
Pravin, A., Jacob, T.P. and Nagarajan, G., 2019. An intelligent and secure healthcare framework
for the prediction and prevention of Dengue virus outbreak using fog computing. Health and
Technology, pp.1-9
Razai, M.S., Doerholt, K., Ladhani, S. and Oakeshott, P., 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019
(covid-19): a guide for UK GPs. BMJ, 368
Robert, A., Camacho, A., Edmunds, W.J., Baguelin, M., Tamfum, J.J.M., Rosello, A., Kéïta, S.
and Eggo, R.M., 2019. Control of Ebola virus disease outbreaks: Comparison of health care
worker-targeted and community vaccination strategies. Epidemics, 27, pp.106-114
Thompson, R.N., 2020. Novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China, 2020: Intense surveillance
Is vital for preventing sustained transmission in new locations. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(2),
p.498.
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