Non-Modifiable Factors of Coronary Artery Disease

UNMODIFIABLE FACTORS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISAESE
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ETHNICITY
• Coronary artery disease is also associated with ethnicity of the people . It is seen
in a study in America that the rate of prevalence of coronary artery disease is
more in the white than black male population. The rate is 7.2 % for the black
male and 7.8% for the white. In addition to this , the prevalence rate in Asian is
almost estimated 3.7% and that is lower than the normal population(Leigh,
Alvarez & Rodriguez, 2016).
DIABATES TYPE-1 GENDER
CONCLUSION
• Lastly, it can be concluded that , the coronary artery disease is not only
associated with hypertension, but also there are other non-modifiable factors
that can induce coronary artery disease.
REFERENCES
Arbab-Zadeh, A., & Fuster, V. (2015). The myth of the “vulnerable plaque”:
transitioning from a focus on individual lesions to atherosclerotic disease
burden for coronary artery disease risk assessment. Journal of the
American College of Cardiology, 65(8), 846-855.
De Ferranti, S. D., De Boer, I. H., Fonseca, V., Fox, C. S., Golden, S. H., Lavie, C.
J., ... & Zinman, B. (2014). Type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular
disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and
American Diabetes Association. Circulation, 130(13), 1110-1130.
Khamis, R. Y., Ammari, T., & Mikhail, G. W. (2016). Gender differences in
coronary heart disease. Heart, heartjnl-2014.
Leigh, J. A., Alvarez, M., & Rodriguez, C. J. (2016). Ethnic minorities and
coronary heart disease: an update and future directions. Current
atherosclerosis reports, 18(2), 9.
INTRODUCTION
Coronary artery disease is a major heart disease occurred mainly when the
oxygen supplying arteries are failed to supply oxygen and nutrients to the
heart(Arbab-Zadeh, & Fuster, 2015) Hypertension is not the only reason of this
disease. The role of gender, diabetes type 1 and ethnicity in the disease
development is discussed.
• Coronary artery disease is one of the major predominant among the patients with
diabetes mellitus(DM) or diabetes type-1. It seen that, DM is a risk factor for the
coronary artery disease. The prevalence rate of DM in patient’s having coronary heart
disease is almost 50% in many countries in the world. The DM patients have
problems like insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and that drives them towards the
malfunction of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. The lipid- riched
atherosclerosis plaques of diabetic patients is mainly responsible for the coronary
artery disease development (De Ferranti et al., 2014).
• Coronary artery disease is also very much gender specific and it is seen that ,
the onset of coronary artery disease is 7-10 year late in women than in men.
The endogenous estrogen women prevent the onset of atherosclerotic disease in
women. Estrogen may play a regulating role on various metabolic factors like
lipids, coagulant system and inflammatory markers. They also cause
vasodilation of the vessel wall through beta and alpha receptors (Khamis,
Ammari, & Mikhail, 2016).
Fig.2- studies of non modifiable factors.
Fig.3- Comparison of coronary heart disease in
men and women.
Fig.1- Ethnicity as an un modifiable factor