Physiology and Impact of Coronary Heart Disease

This report defines the physiological condition of Coronary Heart Disease, outlines its anatomy and physiology, explores its symptoms and impact on other body systems, and describes its treatment and monitoring. It also evaluates relevant policies and standards for care.

Written Essay

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Clearly defining the physiological condition “Coronary heart disease”......................................3
Outlining the anatomy and physiology of the disease and how it affects the body system
including organs and functions....................................................................................................4
Explore the signs and symptoms of the condition.......................................................................4
Exploring the possible impact of the disease has on other body systems....................................5
How Coronary heart disease impacts the client's daily living.....................................................5
Describe treatment, care and monitoring that given to the client with the coronary heart
disease..........................................................................................................................................6
Relevant policies and standards for care......................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Coronary heart disease can be described that what happens when a person heart's blood
supply is interrupted or blocked by build up of fat substances in coronary arteries. When the
walls of Arteries become furred up with the fatty substitutes then it causes coronary heart disease
(Anderson., and et.al., 2021). This report will clearly define physiological condition of Coronary
heart disease. Along with this the report also outline the physiology and anatomy of the disease
and its effect body system. Also, highlights the symptoms and signs of the coronary heart
disease. Furthermore, the report will give possible impact of disease on other body part.
Moreover, the report will include the condition impacts on the clients daily living. The report
also describes the treatment, monitoring and care that client needed. This report also evaluate
relevant standards and policy for care such as infection control, NICE guidelines and health and
safety.
MAIN BODY
Clearly defining the physiological condition “Coronary heart disease”
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the term used in medical science which defines the
human heart's blood supply functions which are blocked and interrupted by the building of fatty
substances in the coronary arteries. In other terms, it can be defined as a disease which narrow
down the coronary arteries means blood vessels which carry out the blood and oxygen in the
heart. This disease is actually caused by atherosclerosis and causes chest pain, shortness of
breath during some work activity like exercise and leads to heart attack (Kaptoge, Pennells, De
Bacquer and et.al., 2019). The risk of getting targeted of this disease before the age of 50 and
mostly in older age people. Also, this disease is caused to people who smoke tobacco, has the
problem of high blood pressure, taking in high cholesterol, suffering from diabetes, due to lack
of exercise and obesity. These are some reasons why the human gets affected by the coronary
heart disease.
Outlining the anatomy and physiology of the disease and how it affects the body system
including organs and functions
The coronary artery disease affects the human being when the higher amount of fat,
cholesterol and other harmful substances get collects on the inner wall of the heart arteries which
blocks the blood flow in the heart and leads to blood clot (Radico, Zimarino and et.al., 2018).

Mostly, this mentioned disease is affected due to insulin resistance, higher blood pressure
problem in human and taking in of higher quantity of smoke, tobacco and alcohol and leads an
individual to suffer from high chest pain, heart attack, heart failure and even causes irregular
heart rhythms which overall impact an individual in highly physiological condition. However,
the CHD effects the organs and functions of the body as due to less flow of blood heart does not
get the oxygen as needed and start causing chest pain and short breathing and lower down of
hearth rate. This disease effects the men and women in different ways as men feel intense chest
pain and women may get tightness or pressure in the chest and leads them to stay uncomfortable
(Tamis-Holland, Jneid, Reynolds and et,al., 2019). Not only this disease blocks the blood flow, it
also impacts the different parts of the human body like brain, lungs and kidneys and even heart
valves. In year 2009, it has been researched and get the outcome which shows that Egyptian
Mummies, 3500 years old had an evidence of heart disease who died in 1203 BCE due to
atherosclerosis.
At the time of Egyptian Mummification, the CHD is founded where in the research the
evidence has been identified by the researcher. However, in today world this CHD is affecting
the various parts and functions of the body and leads the human being to suffer from pain. A
stroke can be developed in a brain as when the arteries to the brain become narrow it could kill
the brain cells and can affect the strength and memory of an individual. Similarly, lungs and
kidney also gets impacted as heart's ability to pump the blood to other organs of the body where
it also travels to lungs to collect the oxygen. Due to weak and improper heart blood flow, fluid
can begin building up in lungs and kidneys where a lack of oxygen in kidneys disrupt the cycle
of water and causes swelling.
Explore the signs and symptoms of the condition
Coronary Heart disease can be recognized at first when heart is beating hard like during
the exercise which aware the person to suffering from some heart disease. In this contemporary
world, an individual person should understand and collect the knowledge of the signs and
symptoms of the CHD from which they can be able to take the appropriate actions and treatment
in emergency period. Here, mentioning some symptoms of the CHD which can aware an
individual in definite manner (Daly, Toulis, Thomas and et.al., 2018). Coronary Heart disease is
the blockage of the blood flow where it causes a higher level of chest pain to an individual.
Chest pain occurs as the blood which is stopped to flow in the internal functions of the body and

occurs a blood clot in the artery which leads the chest pain usually in the middle or left side of
the chest. A strong emotion also can lead to feel this pain like a shocking information, especially
in women the pain may be brief or sharp and also felt in neck, arm and back.
However, a human being also felt a shortness of breath as the blood flow has been clot in
the artery and do not able to flow as per the functions and travelling to lungs which reduces the
oxygen level in the lungs and leads the human to get shortness in breathing. Fatigue is also
caused by an individual as if heart cannot pump enough where blood to meet the body needs and
may feel tired. Also, Heart attack is also caused due to blocked coronary heart attack which is a
classic symptom of the CHD.
Exploring the possible impact of the disease has on other body systems
CHD or coronary heart disease is the significant and huge disease which can cause a
sudden death to an individual or because of improper treatment. This disease is directly related to
the heart where all the body functions and systems are crossly depended on this particular organ
(Khandaker, Zuber, Rees and et.al., 2020). An individual person body system gets affected by
the CHD where it includes brain, heart valves, arms and legs, stomach or digestive system, lungs
and kidneys and an overall body which leads the human to suffer from death sometimes. Each
body part is connected with the activity of the heart of the human being and leads them to get the
proper treatment if anything occurs related. Due to blood clot, brain cells get disrupted and kill
brain cells which lower down the strength and memory of an individual.
How Coronary heart disease impacts the client's daily living
Coronary heart disease is the major cause of death in United Kingdom and worldwide.
This disease also called as coronary artery disease or ischaemic heart disease (Shaya, and et.al.,
2021). This disease affect peoples daily living. Client with heart disease experience various
emotional and physical symptoms like fatigue, depression, dyspnoea, fatigue, enema, cheat pain
and sleeping difficulties etc. These symptoms bound client's daily social and physical activities
and get poor result of QOL (Quality Of Life). Nearly half of the premature deaths may be
because of unhealthy lifestyle choices like poor diet, smoking and sufficient exercise. Moreover,
these risk factors also increase risk of high diabetes, blood pressure and heart attack. Living with
the coronary heart disease means being aware of risks and also reduce once that can control. This
may includes proper diet, stopping smoking and proper exercise. Along with this the important
thing is to take prescribed medicine for the high cholesterol, high blood pressure and other health

conditions. Even this a client of this condition also experience different types of behavioural
disturbance and emotion distress. The problems such as anxiety and depression are especially
common. The client of these conditions can change their daily routine which make big changes
such as losing or maintaining weight, avoiding alcohol, managing stress, being physical active,
avoid caffeine etc. Client focuses on these activities and overcome their risk of life. They also
focus on manage health problem such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, so it will improve
their health and overcome risk of the life (Dibben, and et.al., 2021).
Describe treatment, care and monitoring that given to the client with the coronary heart disease
For monitoring the coronary heart disease of the client, by ECG, exercise stress test,
coronary calcium scan, blood test, cardiac catheterization, CT scan (Incze., 2021) and
Echocardiogram etc. Electrocardiogram is the quickest and painless test that is test records
electric activity of heart. This test show the slow and fast heart is beating. Heart CT scan test
show calcium blockages and deposits in the heart arteries. The calcium deposits can make
narrow arteries. Exercise stress test: if symptoms and signs happens most often during exercise
so the provider may ask client to walk on treadmill during ECG (Serhani, and et.al., 2020). In
simple words exercise stress tests is done to identify how well client heart functions when
working the hardest. By blood test it can also monitor that is blood test is done for determining
the factors that affects arteries like cholesterol, C- reactive protein, HbA1c, glucose etc.
Coronary heart disease cannot heal but the treatment can help client to manage the symptoms
and also reduce chances of problems like heart attracts. Such treatment includes lifestyle change,
surgery and medications. Life style change is the first step in the treatment of this disease the
changes are stop smoking, eat healthy food, manage other health problems, increase activity
level and limit or avoid alcohol use. By such changes they will improve their health condition.
The another way is medication, the healthcare provider will hive some medication to manage
risk factors for heart disease. The another treatment is surgery, if the medication is not enough
then its possible that the client doctor recommended specific surgery. Here, type of surgery is
totally depended on heart disease level. The client of this conditions need proper care that is
proper diet and many more.

Relevant policies and standards for care
Health and care policies is refers to decisions, action and goals that identify the care is
accessed and administered. There are many polices but health and care police help people reduce
their stress. Basically, health and care policies is the set of overarching goals and principle that
dictate how care is accessed and delivered. For health administrators and nurses, following and
understanding policies can help or make sure that they deliver the best care to the patients while
using their knowledge to help inform future policies. The issue in this policies is that it rise
healthcare cost, cybersecurity etc. NICE guideline are the evidence based suggestion for health
and care. In this there is set of services and care suitable for most individual with specific need or
condition, people in particular setting and circumstances. There are some social issue so to make
sure everyone to lead as healthy lives as possible. There are many police to protect the client or
patient in this sectors but there is some problem in policies. Such problems are like it increase the
cost, regular charges and harnessing advance health technology.
CONCLUSION
The above report highlights the coronary heart disease, its signs and symptoms such as
chest pain, shortness of breath etc. also, discus the possible impact of the condition on other body
system such as brain, arms, digestive system, heart valves etc. This report also elaborate that if
the person is suffering from coronary heart disease then it gives great impact on their daily
lifestyle. The above report also discusses the treatments and monitoring of client of coronary
heart disease. Moreover, the report also evaluate relevant policies and standards.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Anderson, M., and et.al., 2021. Securing a sustainable and fit-for-purpose UK health and care
workforce. The Lancet, 397(10288), pp.1992-2011.
Daly, B., Toulis, K.A., Thomas, N., and et.al., 2018. Increased risk of ischemic heart disease,
hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus,
a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: a population-based
cohort study. PLoS medicine. 15(1), p.e1002488.
Dibben, G., and et.al., 2021. Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart
disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (11).
Incze, M.A., 2021. Should I get a coronary CT scan?. JAMA Internal Medicine, 181(5), pp.732-
732.
Kaptoge, S., Pennells, L., De Bacquer, D., and et.al., 2019. World Health Organization
cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global
regions. The Lancet Global Health. 7(10), pp.e1332-e1345.
Khandaker, G.M., Zuber, V., Rees, J., and et.al., 2020. Shared mechanisms between coronary
heart disease and depression: findings from a large UK general population-based
cohort. Molecular psychiatry. 25(7), pp.1477-1486.
Radico, F., Zimarino, M., and et.al., 2018. Determinants of long-term clinical outcomes in
patients with angina but without obstructive coronary artery disease: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. European heart journal. 39(23), pp.2135-2146.
Serhani, M.A., and et.al., 2020. ECG monitoring systems: Review, architecture, processes, and
key challenges. Sensors, 20(6), p.1796.
Shaya, G.E., and et.al., 2021. Coronary heart disease risk: low-density lipoprotein and
beyond. Trends in cardiovascular medicine.
Tamis-Holland, J.E., Jneid, H., Reynolds, and et,al., 2019. Contemporary diagnosis and
management of patients with myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive
coronary artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart
Association. Circulation. 139(18), pp.e891-e908.