HI5020 Corporate Accounting Assessment: Retail Food Group (RFG) Review

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Retail Food Group's (RFG) financial statements, focusing on the cash flow statement, other comprehensive income (OCI) statement, and accounting for corporate income tax. The analysis of the cash flow statement includes a breakdown of receipts from customers, payments to suppliers and employees, income taxes paid, and cash flows related to investing and financing activities, highlighting trends in operational cash flows, investment strategies, and debt management. The OCI statement analysis explains key items such as exchange differences on translation of foreign operations and changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges, justifying the need for a separate OCI statement. Furthermore, the report examines the company's tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the reconciliation between income tax expense and income tax payable, providing insights into the temporary differences and tax planning strategies employed by RFG. The report concludes with a reflection on the complexities of understanding temporary differences in financial statements.

HI5020 Corporate Accounting
Assessment 2 – Retail Food Group
STUDENT ID:
[Pick the date]

Corporate Accounting
The ASX listed company selected for performing the given task is RFG (Retail Food Group).
CASH FLOWS STATEMENT
(i) From the latest annual report pertaining to June 30, 2017, the relevant excerpts from cash
flow statement are stated below (RFG, 2017).
The key items above are explained as follows.
 “Receipts from Customers” – This refers to the cash inflow arising from monies paid
by customer. Revenue is the accrual basis realisation while receipts highlight the
actual cash realised by the company from customers. This has seen a rise of about
30% on a y-o-y basis.
 “Payment to suppliers and employees”- For normal business operations, salaries and
other benefits ought to be paid to employees besides the payments for supplies and
raw materials to suppliers which is reflected here. The growth has been in line with
the customer receipts growth.
 “Income taxes paid”- This reflects the total monies paid to the ATO for discharging
the tax obligation on the company. All of these taxes would not be related to the
current year only.

Corporate Accounting
This highlights the main items as the payment done by the company during the given year for
acquiring of PP&E, intangible assets (brand name, trade mark, licence etc.) along with
businesses. Also, cash inflow would arise on account of liquidation of some PPE which
would also be recognised. There has been a major jump in cash spent on acquiring PPE and
business in FY2017 compared to the previous year (RFG, 2017).
The net cash raised through share issue and raising of debt or borrowings during a given year
is represented below. Adjustments are made for the cash outflows associated with the equity
and debt raising. Also, another pivotal item is the borrowing repayment related cash outflow
in the year. The company in FY2017 has raised incremental money from share issue to the
extent of $ 35,600. Further, the incremental borrowings have also increased in FY2017
compared to previous year presuming to the used for acquisition funding (RFG, 2017).
ii) The cash flow trends in the recent past is captured below.
The noteworthy observations are enumerated below (Damodaran, 2015).
1) The operational cash flows have shown a major jump in FY2016 and also remained almost
constant in FY2017 which hints towards a sound business model producing positive cash
flow from operating activities.
2) The company is continuously investing money in the business in significant quantities
which would ensure future growth in earnings and wealth creation for shareholders
3) The company is focusing on ensuring that balance sheet does not become overleveraged
and hence focus is on repayment of debt and looking to raise equity capital as
demonstrated from FY2017.

Corporate Accounting
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENT
(iii) Relevant OCI statement extract for the latest year i.e. FY2017 is pasted as follows.
(iv) Description of key items is offered as follows (RFG, 2017).
“Exchange difference on translation of foreign operations” – There are certain receivables or
payables related to the foreign operations of the company which have limited possible of
seeing a settlement soon and these contribute to exchange differences.
“Changes in the fair value of cash flow hedge” – In order to limit the foreign currency risk,
the company deploys cash flow hedge whose fair value changes in real time and any gains or
losses during the year are recognised.
(v) The requirement of a separate OCI statement is justified on the following reasons
(Deegan, 2014).
 In accordance with the applicable regulations related to presentation and recording of
financial statements, certain transactions ought to be listed in the OCI statement.
 Some of the losses/profits that are captured are nominal in nature and hence go
reversal the next year.
 The gains/(losses) occur as part of business but the business does not consider this as
a manner to earn income and these are consequences of the business that are
unintended. The representation of these justifies the presence of OCI statement.
ACCOUNTING FOR CORPORATE INCOME TAX
(vi) The tax expense for the chosen company amounts to $ 25.686 million for FY2017
(RFG, 2017).
(vii) The requisite verification is carried out below

Corporate Accounting
The two tend to diverge as indicated above. This would arise because of reconciliation
related adjusted which are made so that the differences in tax rules and accounting rules
can be nullified. The final tax expense value is thus the amount of tax that the company
should pay in accordance with the applicable tax regulations in Australia. This is shown
below (RFG, 2017).
(viii) The amount of deferred tax assets as on the last day of FY2017 for the company was
$13.657 million in comparison to the deferred tax liabilities of $119.433 million on the
same date. A quick comparison of these figures with the corresponding FY2016 closing
figures indicate a jump in both the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as
highlighted below (RFG, 2017).

Corporate Accounting
Deferred tax assets tend to being tax benefit or tax saving to the reporting entity based on
the temporary difference created owing to transactions in the present. Deferred tax liability
tend to being incremental tax expense or tax outflow to the reporting entity based on the
temporary difference created owing to transactions in the present. The creation of these
temporary differences is on account of different rules applicable for taxable income and
accounting income (Gilders et. al., 2016).
(ix) There was a decrease in the current tax assets which as on June 30, 2017 were nil as
compared to $ 4,455 million a year ago i.e. on June 30, 2016 (RFG, 2017). Current tax
assets lead to lower outflow of tax in the next financial year owing to higher taxes being
paid in the year of current tax asset creation
The deviation observed between income tax expense and income tax payable is observed
since a part of the income tax expense has already been paid during the year as part of
advance taxes. Thus, only a portion of the income tax expense would be considered as tax
payable at the end of the year (Damodaran, 2015).
(x) There is aberration between income tax expense ($ 25.686 million) and income tax paid
($ 21.46 million) in accordance with FY2017 financial statements. This may be explained
on the basis of the following.

Corporate Accounting
 The tax expense for the year can only be computed after the closing of year and hence
tax paid can never accurately estimate the tax expense before-hand and hence tax is
paid based on estimates (Deegan, 2014).
 Also, tax paid in a given year usually also contains the payment for tax payable from
previous financial year besides the payment of taxes for the current year which is
responsible for deviation from tax expense (Petty, et. al., 2015).
(xi) One of the most confusing aspects in the financial statements of RFG pertained to the
computation of temporary differences between the carrying value and the usage of the
same for creation of tax assets and liabilities of deferred nature. Only after repeated
attempts could I fathom the crux and theoretical underpinning of the computations.
Earlier, I used to assume that tax expense reported in the income statement would be
corporate tax times the pre-tax accounting earnings. But, though this task I understood that
owing to reconciliation, the tax expense shows a deviation from the expected value.

Corporate Accounting
References
Damodaran, A. (2015). Applied corporate finance: A user’s manual 3rd ed. New York:
Wiley, John & Sons.
Deegan, C. (2014). Financial Accounting Theory, 4th ed. Sydney: McGraw-Hill
Gilders, F., Taylor, J., Walpole, M., Burton, M. and Ciro, T. (2016) Understanding taxation
law 2016, 9th ed. Sydney: LexisNexis/Butterworths.
Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A., Martin, J.D., Martin, P., Burrow, M., and Nguyen, H. (2012)
Financial Management, Principles and Applications. 6th ed. NSW: Pearson Education, French
Forest Australia.
RFG (2017), Annual Report FY2017, [online] Available at
http://www.rfg.com.au/index.php/110-general-pages/investor-news/816-2017-annual-report
(Accessed on May 24, 2018)