Corporate Accounting

This Corporate Accounting assignment provides detailed information on cash flow, other comprehensive income statement, and corporate income tax of RFG. It includes answers to various questions related to these topics. The assignment also includes a table of contents and references. The cash flow section discusses the cash flow from operating, investing, and financing activities. The other comprehensive income statement section explains the components of other comprehensive income of RFG. The corporate income tax section includes information on deferred tax assets and liabilities, current tax assets, and liabilities.

Running head: CORPORATE ACCOUNTING
Corporate Accounting
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

1CORPORATE ACCOUNTING
Table of Contents
Cash Flow........................................................................................................................................2
Answer to Question (i).................................................................................................................2
Answer to Question (ii)...............................................................................................................4
Other Comprehensive Income Statement........................................................................................6
Answer to Question (iii)..............................................................................................................6
Answer to Question (iv)...............................................................................................................6
Answer to Question (v)................................................................................................................7
Corporate Income Tax.....................................................................................................................7
Answer to Question (vi)...............................................................................................................7
Answer to Question (vii).............................................................................................................8
Answer to Question (viii)............................................................................................................8
Answer to Question (ix)...............................................................................................................9
Answer to Question (x)................................................................................................................9
Answer to Question (xi).............................................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................11

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Cash Flow
Answer to Question (i)
Cash Flow from Operating Activities: This particular head of the cash flow of RFG includes
some of the major crucial items. They are receipts from the customers, payment to the suppliers
and employees, payment of interest and other finance cost and income tax paid (Mohanram
2014).
In RFG, receipts from the customers refer to the proceeds of the company from the credit
sales. The 2017 statement of cash flow of RFG shows that there is an increase in the receipts
from the customers that is $456,000,000 in 2017 and $332,754,000 in 2016 (rfg.com.au 2018).
Increased credit sale has contributed to this increase. It is the obligation on the business entity to
make timely payment to their suppliers as a result of the credit purchase from them. In addition,
this outflow also includes the payment of wages and salaries to the employees. As per the 2017
cash flow statement, there is an increase in this payment that is $361,329,000 in 2017 and
$239,623,000 in 2016 (rfg.com.au 2018). It is the obligation on RFG to make the payment for
their borrowed loans that comes under this head as they are taken for carrying on the business
operations. It can be seen that there is an increase in this payment that is $9,416,000 in 2017 and
$9,036,000 in 2016 (rfg.com.au 2018). It implies that RFG has increased their borrowed loans.
The last item is the payment of income tax that RFG is required to pay as per the regulations of
Australian taxation law. This payment increased from $21,460,000 in 2017 to $19,298,000 in
2016 as the company has registered more profit in 2017 from 2016 (rfg.com.au 2018).

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Cash Flow from Investing Activities: Under this head, the crucial items are payments for and
proceeds from property, plant and equipment; payment for intangible assets; payment for
business, interest received and amount advanced to other entities (Lee 2014).
RFG has to pay large amount of money while acquiring or purchasing the property, plant
and equipment. As per the 2017 cash flow statement, there is a major increase in this cash
outflow that is $30,650,000 in 2017 and $14,429,000 in 2016 (rfg.com.au 2018). The aim to
increase the asset base is the main reason for this increase in outflow. At the same time, RFG
receives proceeds from the sales of these assets and increase in this proceed can be seen that is
$163,000 in 2017 and $131,000 million in 2016. RFG has to pay money while acquiring the
intangible assets for business like license, copyright and others. Decrease in this outflow can be
seen that is $537,000 in 2017 and $575,000 in 2016. In RFG, payment for business refers to the
payment of money for acquiring other businesses. Increase can be seen in this expense in 2017
that is $67,195,000 in 2017 and $6,953,000 in 2016 (rfg.com.au 2018). This huge increase
indicates towards the major business acquisition by RFG in 2017. The last item is interest
received that RFG receives from their investments. Massive increase in this cash inflow can be
seen that is $801,000 in 2017 and $486,000 in 2016 that implies the increased investment by the
company.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities: Under this head, the major items are proceeds from the
issue of shares and other securities; repayment and proceeds from borrowings; payment of
dividend; payment for share issue cost and payment for debt issue cost (Mohanram 2014).
Proceeds from issue of shares and other securities refer to the income of RFG from the
shares. As per the 2017 cash flow statement, RFG has gained $35,600,000 from this in 2017, but

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there was not any income from this in 2016. In addition, there is an increase in the proceeds from
borrowings that is $189,500,000 in 2017 and $148,500,000 in 2016 (rfg.com.au 2018). At the
same time, there is a slight increase in the repayment of borrowings that is $149,500,000 in 2017
and $148,372,000 in 2016. It implies that RFG does not have much mature borrowings in the
year 2017. Payment of dividend refers to the payment of one portion of the profit of RFG among
shareholders and increase in this payment can be seen that is $42,888,000 in 2017 and
$31,456,000 in 2016 (rfg.com.au 2018). Increase in profit of RFG is the main reason for
increased dividend payment. RFG has to incur a specific cost while issuing shares. Due to the
increase in the number of issued share, increase in this expenditure can be seen that is $543,000
in 2017 and $47,000 in 2016. In the year 2017, reduction in the cost for issuing debt can be seen
for RFG that is $223 (rfg.com.au 2018).
Answer to Question (ii)
The following figure shows the increase or decrease in the three broad categories of cash
flow of RFG from the years 2017, 2016 and 2015:

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2017 ($'000) 2016 ($'000) 2015 ($'000)
(250,000)
(200,000)
(150,000)
(100,000)
(50,000)
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
63,795 64,797
34,700
(103,114)
(30,059)
(210,920)
Cash Flow Operating
Activities
Cash Flow Investing Activities
Cash Flow Financing Activities
Figure 1: Analysis of Cash Flow of RFG
(Source: rfg.com.au 2018)
According to the above figure, there is a major increase in the cash flow from operating
activities of RFG from 2015 to 2016; that $64,797,000; RFG received more proceeds from the
customers in 2017 and also paid less income tax and these reason contributed to this increase.
However, minor decrease in this can be noticed in 2017 that is $63,795,000 in 2017 as compared
to $64,797,000 in 2016 due to the increase in tax payment and payment for suppliers (rfg.com.au
2018).
The improvement in cash outflow from investing activities of RFG can be seen in 2016
as compared to 2015 that is from -$210,920,000 to -$30,059,000 due to increase in interest
received and reduced business acquisition. However, large amount of business acquisition along
with increased purchase of property, plant and equipment increases this cash outflow in 2017 as
compared to 2016; that is -$103,114,000 as competed to $30,059,000 (rfg.com.au 2018).

6CORPORATE ACCOUNTING
As per the above figure, there is large cash outflow in 2016 as competed to 2015; that is
$179,056,000 in 2015 and -$32,177,000 in 2016; the major reasons for this outflow are the
absence of proceeds from issue of shares along with large debt repayment and increased dividend
payment. However, improvement of this situation can be seen in 2017 as the cash inflow is
$31,946,000 due to the increase in proceeds from the issue of share, increased proceeds from
borrowings and less repayment of debts (rfg.com.au 2018).
Other Comprehensive Income Statement
Answer to Question (iii)
The main items under other comprehensive income statement are ‘difference in exchange
on foreign operation translation, ‘Changes in the fair value of Cash flow Hedges’ and ‘income
taxation on these items’ (rfg.com.au 2018).
Answer to Question (iv)
The components of other comprehensive income of RFG are discussed below:
Difference in exchange on foreign operation translation is a major aspect for the
companies and the business organizations use this tool for the conversion of foreign currency of
the subsidiary companies into the parent company’s currency. Thus, at the time of the
consolidations, organizations put major emphasis on the development of foreign currency
translation reserve so that the determination of the reporting currency of the cross-border
organization can be determined. This puts the obligation on the business entities for the re-
measurement of the subsidiary company’s currency into the parent currency. In the last process,
the reporting of profit or loss is done based on the actual reporting currency.

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After that, cash flow hedge is another major important aspect for the companies and the
business entities use this tool for the reduction or elimination of the exposures due to the changes
in cash flows that are related to any particular asset or liability. In this process, the change in
some specific risk is taken into consideration, like rate of interest, interest on debt and others.
It is the obligation on the business organizations to charge taxation on the above two
factors; they are cash flow hedge reserve and foreign currency translation reserve. However, as
these items are not included in the consolidated income statement, the tax expenses on these two
items will not be the part of consolidated income statement.
Answer to Question (v)
In order to get the diversified view of the company’s profit, business organizations use
the statement of other comprehensive statement. For RFG, the main reason behind the
preparation of other comprehensive income statement is the provide description and information
about the above-discussed items. Due to this reason, the statement of other comprehensive
income is regarded as the mix of net income and other comprehensive income (Kim 2016). For
all these reasons, these above-discussed items do not come in the income statement.
Corporate Income Tax
Answer to Question (vi)
RFG is subjected to taxation under the rulings of Australian taxation law. As per
Australian taxation law, it is the obligation on RFG to carry out their taxation operations based
on 30 per cent tax rate. The recorded taxation expenses in the income statement for RFG are
$25,686,000 and $23,620,000 for the financial year 2017 and 2016 respectively (rfg.com.au
2018).

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Answer to Question (vii)
From the observation of the taxation operation carried out by the company, one can gain
understanding about the fact that the company has not reported the same taxation expenses as per
the applicable tax rate in the income statement that indicates towards a difference. The existence
of non-deductible expenses for the determination of taxable profit is one reason for creating this
difference. Hence, $879,000 and $638,000 for the year 2017 and 2016 respectively was added
with the tax expenditure by the company. Variation in the rate of tax is another reason that leads
to the difference. 30 per cent is the tax rate of RFG and 28 per cent and 34 per cent is the tax rate
of RFG’s subsidiary companies. Deferred tax assets are one major reason for the difference. For
this reason, there is a deduction of $1700, 000 from the tax expenses of RFG (rfg.com.au 2018).
Answer to Question (viii)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities form a major part in the taxation accounting of the
business entities. RFG has reported both differed tax assets and liabilities in the 2017 Annual
Report. The recorded deferred taxes assets of RFG are $13,657,000 in 2017 and $7,394,000 in
2016. The recorded deferred tax liabilities of RFG are $119,433,000 in 2017 and $115,908,000
in 2016 (rfg.com.au 2018). There are some reasons for this. In the presence of the difference in
taxation rate, the company is sometimes required to make some extra payment for depreciation
as compared to the actual depreciation expenses and for this reason, deferred tax assets can be
seen. On the other hand, due to the difference in the profit, RFG was required to pay less amount
of tax compared to the actual tax expenses. Thus, the company considers this as deferred tax
liability.

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Answer to Question (ix)
There is not any current tax asset for the company in the financial year 2017. $4,455,000
is the recorded current tax assets of RFG for the year 2016. The recorded current tax liability of
RFG is $2,546,000 (rfg.com.au 2018). From this, one can observe from the above that there is
not any match in the taxation expenses in the income statement and the cash flow statement.
Some aspects can be held responsible for this. The existence of deferred tax assets
largely contributes to this reason. There are instances of the payment of additional tax by the
company that is considered as the deferred tax assets. Hence, difference needs to be there. Other
two reasons for this is the difference in the financial accounting and taxation accounting.
Depreciation expenses can be considered for example as difference in this expense can be seen
under taxation ruling and financial accounting ruling.
Answer to Question (x)
Difference can be seen in the recorded income tax of RFG in the income statement and
the payment of income tax in the cash flow statement. The recorded income tax expenses in the
year 2017 and 2016 for RFG are $25,686,000 and $23,620,000. The payment of income taxation
in the cash flow statement shows the amounts of $21,460,000 and $19,298,000 in the years 2017
and 2016 respectively. Some major reasons can be held responsible for this difference
(rfg.com.au 2018). The income tax expenses in the income statement can be obtained from the
application of the tax rate in profit before income tax of the company. Companies report the
current year’s income tax in the income statement. Business organizations makes the payment of
last year’s income tax payable or the coming year’s income tax and record them in the statement
of cash flows. It is also required to be mentioned that he business organization include the
taxation expenses in the cash flow statement in the company make any payment for the income

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tax for the advance year or the income taxation payment for the last year. These are the main
reasons for difference.
Answer to Question (xi)
The above discussion shows that the income tax accounting process of RFG does not
have any confusing or difficult element as the company carry on their income tax accounting
simply compiling with the required regulations. One can gain effective insight about the income
tax treatment of the large organizations by observing the notes to the financial statements related
to taxation. In addition, RFG has provided all the required justification and clarification of their
taxation accounting through notes related taxation.

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References
Celebrating 10 Years Of Transformative Growth, Creating Australia’S Premier Food &
Beverage Comp (2018). Annual Report 2016. [online] Rfg.com.au. Available at:
http://rfg.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/RFGAnnualReport2016.pdf [Accessed 21 May
2018].
Kim, J.H., 2016. Presentation formats of other comprehensive income after accounting standards
update 2011-05. Research in Accounting Regulation, 28(2), pp.118-122.
Lee, T.A. ed., 2014. Cash Flow Reporting (RLE Accounting): A Recent History of an Accounting
Practice. Routledge.
Mohanram, P.S., 2014. Analysts' cash flow forecasts and the decline of the accruals
anomaly. Contemporary Accounting Research, 31(4), pp.1143-1170.
Rfg.com.au. (2018). 2017 Annual Report. [online] Available at:
http://rfg.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/RFGLAnnualReport2017.pdf [Accessed 21 May
2018].
Rfg.com.au. (2018). Annual Report 2015. [online] Available at:
http://rfg.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/RFG2015AnnualReport.pdf [Accessed 21 May
2018].