Leadership Styles and Organizational Impact

This assignment delves into the impact of different leadership styles on organizational outcomes. It examines research on how leadership styles like transformational, transactional, and others affect employee motivation, commitment, job satisfaction, and safety behaviors within multicultural teams and diverse work environments. The analysis draws from academic literature to shed light on the relationships between leadership and various organizational factors.

Running head: MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Marketing Management
Name of the Student:
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Table of Contents
Assessment 1...................................................................................................................................2
Critically analyzing the relationship between traits, motives and effectiveness of leaders.............2
Assessment 2...................................................................................................................................8
Corporate objectives and approaches to marketing.........................................................................8
Corporate objectives of Woolworths Limited.................................................................................8
Discussing marketing orientation concepts and explain which concepts is used by Woolworths
Limited.............................................................................................................................................9
Core marketing strategy of Woolworths Limited............................................................................9
Strengths and weakness of the current marketing strategy that will help Woolworths Limited for
reaching its corporate objectives...................................................................................................10
Reference List................................................................................................................................12

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Assessment 1
Critically analyzing the relationship between traits, motives and effectiveness of leaders
Leadership is the process where an individual exert influence over others and motivates,
inspires and directs their activities for accomplishment of goals. Effective leadership actually
increases the ability of the business for meeting new challenges. A leader is the person that
exerts the influence over other individuals (Nanjundeswaraswamy & Swamy, 2014).
Personal Leadership Style is the way where leaders select ways for influencing others. For
instance, some leaders delegate as well as support subordinates others are very authoritarian.
Therefore, managers at all the levels use one form of leadership style that is unique in its own
way.
Leadership across culture
It is a known fact that a leadership style widely varies depending upon the cultural
factors. For instance, European managers are more people-oriented as compared to American or
Japanese managers. To explain in detail, Japanese culture is collective oriented but American
culture only focuses upon profitability (Nahavandi, 2016).
Time horizon is also a major fact that affects cultures where US firms focus on short-term
efforts while Japanese firms take a longer-term outlook.

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Source of power
There are several sources of power that enables managers to be leaders as well as
influence their subordinated for accomplishment of goals. These powers are as follows:
Reward power- Reward power is one of the sources of power where managers have the
authority to give or withhold any rewards. This means hike in pay, bonus and any kind of
verbal praise (Keskes, 2014). Effective managers use this power to motivate the
employees who are working hard for the business enterprise.
Coercive power- Coercive power is one of the sources of power where managers use this
power to punish others. It ranges from verbal reprimand to pay cuts to firing from the job.
Use of this source of power can have serious negative side effects.
Referent power- Referent power is one of the sources of power where manager take
decision based on special skills. For instance, first and middle managers have most expert
power.
Expert power- Expert power is one of the sources of power where managers looks at the
personal characteristics of the leaders that can earn respect, loyalty as well as admiration.
For instance, leaders who are most famous and likeable as they show their concern
towards benefits of the workers.
Legitimate power- Legitimate power is one of the sources of power where the managers
have the authority that results by their management position in the business. This can be
power to hire or fire workers and task allocation.

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Leadership traits and behaviors
Most of the approaches are present that explain leadership effectiveness that mainly focus
on either leader traits or leader behaviors. Here leader traits mean personality, gender and level
of intelligence. On the contrary, leader behavior mean directive, charismatic, servant leadership
and participative (Du et al., 2013).
For instance, people who are in leadership position in small business have the ability to
promote a supportive as well as productive work environment by using their actions, leadership
style and decisions. It is known that leadership styles and traits of manager and supervisors have
impact on the bottom line of business in a fostering pleasant work environment.
Leadership Style versus traits
There is difference between leadership styles and traits. Here, leadership styles refer to
the methods that had been sued for managing a group of individuals. Furthermore, it is a method
and theories that are used by the leaders for solving problems as well as undertaking decisions.
On the contrary, leadership traits explain the features as well as personality traits that are among
leaders and those who have authority in action (Cooper, 2015). Therefore, leadership traits
actually encompass social, emotional, physical as well as intellectual features.
Leadership Styles
It is a known fact that managers mainly exercise over their employees just like the world
leaders who exert control over a country. In addition, autocratic leadership are those leaders who
have complete control over their subordinates and takes decisions all by themselves. In case of
participative leadership, leaders encourage participation as well as take feedback from the

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employees. There are even other forms of leadership that include bureaucratic leadership style
that need all team members for adhering to strict rules as well as procedures. Laissez-faire style
of leadership is that form of leadership style that leaves team members to their own devices at
the time of completing the work (Collins, Burrus & Meyer, 2014).
Leadership Traits
It is a known fact that leadership traits show the individual features that goes into creating
a specific leadership style. In addition, these traits signify attributes like ambition, self-
confidence and high energy that represents a wide variety of leadership styles. There are even
other leadership traits that help leaders for formulating a leadership style that will move their
teams or departments towards accomplishing goals as well as initiatives at the same time.

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Leadership Models
Trait Model- Trait Model is one of the leadership models that help in identifying
personal characteristics responsible for effective leadership. According to a research, it is
understood that traits actually appear to be connected for an effective leadership. For
instance, most of the traits are results of skills as well as knowledge. Therefore, not all
effective leaders can have all these traits (Clarke, 2013).
Behavioral Model- Behavioral model is one of the leadership model that help in
identifying types of behavior. As far as consideration is concerned, leaders show care
towards workers such as employee-centered. Initiating structure where managers take
steps for getting the work done such as job-oriented, task allocation, and goal setting.
Consideration Initiating Structure
Leaders are friendly and approachable Leaders who shows interest in trying out new ideas
in a group
Leader perform little fun in the group to make the
work environment a better place to work for
Open discussion so that group members known
what is expected from them
Leaders who always give advance notice of any
change activities
Task allocation
Leaders who are willing to make changes Scheduling work based on time
Equal treatment Maintaining standards of performance

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House’s Path Goal Model
This model is used widely where the effective leaders motivate workers for achieving the
outcomes. By using the model, the leaders are seen rewarding the workers for high performance
as well as attainment of future goals and objectives (Buble, Juras & Matić, 2014). Path goal is
one of the contingency models that propose steps that should be used by the managers for
attaining the future goals. It is required to determine the outcomes where the subordinates try to
obtain and ranges from pay to job security or interesting work. Once the outcomes are known,
managers have to be sure that they have reward source of power to provide these. The other two
steps are rewarding subordinates and clarifying the paths to goal accomplishment for the workers
as well as removing obstacles to performance and expressing confidence in worker’s ability. This
model identifies four behaviors leaders that can use important trait pattern. Behavior leaders can
use directive behaviors where they set goals as well as assign tasks and show how to complete it.
Behavior leader can use supportive behavior where they look for the best interests of the
workers. Behavior leader can use participative behavior where they give subordinates an
opportunity where they can share their opinions and views. Behavior leaders can use
achievement-oriented behavior where they set challenging goal and believe in the ability for the
workers (Aydin, Sarier & Uysal, 2013).
Considerations
As in case of small business, it is difficult to suggest or predict a single form of
leadership style that is most feasible and appropriate for this type of business that should be used
by managers and supervisors as it varies due to several factors. For example, managers in an
environment where safety is main concern like construction job sites. The managers and

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supervisors need to adopt bureaucratic leadership styles for solving the issues of the workers who
are working for the sites. The reason behind selecting the leadership style is that all about
following the procedures to the letter that itself is a important part of ensuring safety in that type
of environment. Therefore, an organization can have benefit from different types of leaders that
better matches the needs of each department as well as team.
Assessment 2
Corporate objectives and approaches to marketing
Corporate objectives of Woolworths Limited
The corporate objective of Woolworths Limited is to keep customers as first priority in
and across all types of brands (Woolworths.com, 2017). In order to achieve this, Woolworths
Limited aims at building a customer as well as store-led culture and team. The company
generates sustainable sales momentum in the food items. The company believes in empowering
their portfolio business for pursuing strategies and delivering value to the shareholders as far as
possible. The company desire to improve in the stock turnover as well as optimizing network
efficiency where customers will be served in more than 800 stores. The company invests large
amount of money in the supply chain management systems that eventually affects the entire
economy. The company understands the needs of customers and moved seamlessly and
effortlessly between physical as well as virtual stores (Weaven et al., 2014). Woolworths Limited
serves more than 18 million customers every week as well as they value each customer by
providing them with endless choices.

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Discussing marketing orientation concepts and explain which concepts is used by
Woolworths Limited
Production concept- The main idea behind production concept was consumers who favored
products that were readily available as well as affordable at the same time. This concept is oldest
one that is not applicable mostly in recent times. This concept is all about production and
distribution efficiency. This concept is not totally abolished by companies because this concept is
still considered to be useful one in some situation (Ramaswamy & Namakumari, 2013).
Selling concept- The main idea behind selling concept is consumers will not purchase enough of
products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling as well as promotion effort. In this particular
concept, management need to focus on creating sales transactions rather than only making an
effort to build long-term as well as profitable customer relationships (Peters et al., 2013).
Marketing concept- The main idea behind marketing concept is achieving organizational goals
that depend upon knowing the needs as well as wants of target markets and delivering desired
satisfaction than its competitors.
Woolworths Limited is an Australian-based retail company that uses marketing concept
in their business operations (Woolworths.com, 2017). This is because the company believes in
customer first approach. The company produces product that has the ability to meet the needs,
wants, values and expectations of their targeted customers.
Core marketing strategy of Woolworths Limited
The marketing strategy used by Woolworths Limited is to win the trust of its customers
as well as increases the share of customer’s food spent by lowering the prices and improving

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over all aspects of their shopping experience (Keller & Kotler, 2015). The strategy of
Woolworths Limited is based on three main key principles that are as follows:
Offer- Woolworths Limited believes in offering the best products to the customers that
meet their needs and expectations.
Growth- Woolworths Limited believes in innovating for meeting the needs of the
customers (Woolworths.com, 2017).
Efficiency- Woolworths Limited believes in creating customer value that organizes for
attainment of success as well as implementing “Lean Retail Model” (Woolworths.com,
2017).
Strengths and weakness of the current marketing strategy that will help Woolworths
Limited for reaching its corporate objectives
There are several positive aspects that are present in the current marketing strategy of
Woolworths Limited (Woolworths.com, 2017). The company has a strong brand name as well as
efficient operations in the retail sector. Their prime focus is on meeting the needs of customers
that made the company retain its topmost position from decades. The companies seek growth by
use of strategic acquisitions as well as franchise models in the emerging countries or economies
(Dickinson, 2014).
There are several weaknesses as well noted in the current marketing strategy that need
further improvement by the management. Woolworths Limited faces negligible global presence
as compared to its competitors such as Wesfarmers Limited, Wal-mart, Tesco and Aldi. The
brand had failed to sustain its competitive advantage. Woolworths Limited had even entered in

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the online markets that result in competition having low prices as well as more experience.
Woolworths Limited faces threat from international players (Woolworths.com, 2017).

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Reference List
Aritz, J., & Walker, R. C. (2014). Leadership styles in multicultural groups: Americans and East
Asians working together. International Journal of Business Communication, 51(1), 72-
92.
Aydin, A., Sarier, Y., & Uysal, S. (2013). The Effect of School Principals' Leadership Styles on
Teachers' Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. Educational sciences:
Theory and practice, 13(2), 806-811.
Buble, M., Juras, A., & Matić, I. (2014). The relationship between managers’ leadership styles
and motivation. Management: journal of contemporary management issues, 19(1), 161-
193.
Clarke, S. (2013). Safety leadership: A meta‐analytic review of transformational and
transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours. Journal of
Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(1), 22-49.
Collins, B. J., Burrus, C. J., & Meyer, R. D. (2014). Gender differences in the impact of
leadership styles on subordinate embeddedness and job satisfaction. The leadership
quarterly, 25(4), 660-671.
Cooper, D. (2015). Effective safety leadership: Understanding types & styles that improve safety
performance. Professional Safety, 60(2), 49.
Dickinson, J. R. (2014). The marketing management experience. Developments in Business
Simulation and Experiential Learning, 27.

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Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A., & Sen, S. (2013). The roles of leadership styles in corporate
social responsibility. Journal of business ethics, 114(1), 155-169.
Keller, K. L., & Kotler, P. T. (2015). Framework for Marketing Management. Pearson.
Keskes, I. (2014). Relationship between leadership styles and dimensions of employee
organizational commitment: A critical review and discussion of future
directions. Intangible Capital, 10(1).
Nahavandi, A. (2016). The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson.
Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., & Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership styles. Advances in
management, 7(2), 57.
Peters, L. D., Pressey, A. D., Vanharanta, M., & Johnston, W. J. (2013). Theoretical
developments in industrial marketing management: Multidisciplinary
perspectives. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(3), 275-282.
Ramaswamy, V. S., & Namakumari, S. (2013). Marketing management: Global perspective,
Indian context. MacMillan.
Weaven, S., Grace, D., Dant, R., & R. Brown, J. (2014). Value creation through knowledge
management in franchising: a multi-level conceptual framework. Journal of Services
Marketing, 28(2), 97-104.
Woolworths.com. (2017). Very | Womens, Mens and Kids Fashion, Furniture, Electricals &
More!. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.woolworths.com [Accessed 11 Aug. 2017].

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