Developing a Pragmatic Alternative for Creating a Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy: A case of Jordanian Telecom Sector

The report focuses on the effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility on the abilities of an organisation. It is known that Corporate Social Responsibility is necessary for the development of the society in which a company functions. The research focuses on the development of a pragmatic alternative solution for implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility strategies in Jordan. Emphasis is made on the Jordanian Telecom Sector and the capabilities it has in expanding its business sector.

Running head: CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
Developing a Pragmatic Alternative for Creating a Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy:
A case of Jordanian Telecom Sector
Name of Student
Name of University
Author Note

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
Acknowledgement
Thank you to all of those who have helped listened and encouraged me throughout this study.
I am indebted to my supervisor ……………………. whose guidance, advice and patience
have been immeasurable. My sincere thanks to all members of the…………… [Mention your
university/college name], both staff and students, whose continuous support have made this
thesis possible.
I would like to thank all of the participants in the study: students, teachers and Local
Education Authorities, for the time and help given throughout. Without their participation,
this research would not have been possible. In this context, I am also thankful to them, whose
research work helped me to execute this paper well.
Finally, I thank my family, without whom this thesis would not have been started or
completed! Your encouragement and support have never faltered; thank you.

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
Executive Summary
The report focuses on the effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility on the abilities of
an organisation. It is known that Corporate Social Responsibility is necessary for the
development of the society in which a company functions. At the same time, it helps in
building the reputation of the company within the market. The research focuses on the
development of a pragmatic alternative solution for implementation of Corporate Social
Responsibility strategies in Jordan. Emphasis is made on the Jordanian Telecom Sector and
the capabilities it has in expanding its business sector. The research is done by considering
the secondary analysis in which themes are used to analyse the topic of the research. The
themes are aligned with the objectives so that a clear concept of the topic can be formed and
this can help Jordanian Telecom Sector to built its reputation at the same time consider
financially friendly variables. The development of ethical considerations for the people is
suggested so that the people can be well acquainted with the aspect of Corporate Social
Responsibility. This can help in the development of the society and at the same time improve
the reputation of Jordan in the global geography.

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction..............................................................................................................6
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................6
1.2 Research aim....................................................................................................................6
1.3 Research objectives..........................................................................................................7
1.4 Research questions...........................................................................................................7
Chapter 2: Literature review......................................................................................................8
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................8
2.2 Concept of corporate social responsibility.......................................................................8
2.3 Theories related to corporate social responsibility...........................................................9
2.3.1 The stakeholder theory of Corporate Social Responsibility......................................9
2.3.2 The business ethics theory of Corporate Social Responsibility...............................10
2.3.3 The shareholder value theory of Corporate Social Responsibility..........................11
2.4 Importance of corporate social responsibility................................................................11
2.5 Factors contributing to achieve corporate social responsibility.....................................12
2.6 Alternatives for corporate social responsibility strategies..............................................14
2.7 Ways to improve the application of social responsible factors......................................15
2.8 Summary.........................................................................................................................16
Chapter 3: Topic description....................................................................................................17
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................17
3.2 Topic of the research......................................................................................................17
3.3 Description of the country..............................................................................................17
3.3.1 Industrial structure...................................................................................................17
3.3.2 Exports and imports.................................................................................................18
3.3.3 Population................................................................................................................19
3.3.4 Living standard........................................................................................................19

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3.3.5 GDP size..................................................................................................................20
3.3.6 Literacy....................................................................................................................20
3.4 Summary.........................................................................................................................20
Chapter 4: Methodology..........................................................................................................21
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................21
4.2 Research philosophy.......................................................................................................21
4.2.1 Justification of the selected research philosophy........................................................21
4.3 Research design..............................................................................................................21
4.3.1 Justification of the selected research design................................................................22
4.4 Research approach..........................................................................................................22
4.4.1 Justification of the selected research approach...........................................................22
4.5 Research questions.........................................................................................................22
4.6 Data collection method...................................................................................................23
4.6.1 Justification of the selected data collection method....................................................23
4.7 Data collection technique...............................................................................................23
4.7.1 Justification of the selected data collection technique................................................24
4.8 Ethical considerations.....................................................................................................24
4.9 Accessibility issues.........................................................................................................24
4.10 Summary.......................................................................................................................24
Chapter 5: Analysis and Findings............................................................................................26
5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................26
5.2 Analysis and findings.....................................................................................................26
5.3 Summary.........................................................................................................................31
Chapter 6: Discussion..............................................................................................................32
6.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................32
6.2 Research questions.........................................................................................................32
6.3 Discussion.......................................................................................................................32

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6.4 Summary.........................................................................................................................36
Chapter 7: Conclusion..............................................................................................................37
7.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................................37
7.2 Linking with the objectives.......................................................................................38
7.3 Recommendations..........................................................................................................40
7.4 Future scope of study......................................................................................................41
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................42

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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background
The research provides an analysis about corporate social responsibility and the
manner in which alternatives about the corporate social responsibility of an organisation can
be identified. According to Schwartz (2017), the duty of every company is to ensure that a
proper responsibility is maintained which helps in building the society as well as the
members in it. The responsibilities help in providing an idea about the capabilities that are
possessed by an organisation and help in increasing the popularity of the company.
The research focuses on the corporate social responsibility that is undertaken by the
Jordanian Telecom Sector. The aim of the sector is to improve the condition of the social life
of the people residing in the country. With revenue of over JOD 411.790, million and the aim
can be attained with the application of proper and alternative corporate social responsibilities.
The research provides an opportunity to analyse and understand the importance of
corporate social responsibility in a business organisation. The research analysis provides an
understanding of the effectiveness of the corporate social responsibility and the manner in
which it can help in the development of the Jordanian Telecom Sector. The telecom sector in
the country aims at identifying the problems of the people in terms of employment or for the
promotion of a good and healthy life in the country.
This also helps in the development of the organisational responsibility that can help
the sector to gain good reputation in the business. The alternative manner, which can be used
to maintain the corporate social responsibility need to focus on the profit making ability of
the sector. Hence, an alternative strategy needs to be the focal point that highlights the social
responsibility that the corporate sector of the Jordian Telecom needs to undertake for its
benefits.
1.2 Research aim
The aim of research is to understand the concept of corporate social responsibility and
the manner in which it can be used to gain success. The pragmatic alternative that can help
the Jordanian Telecom Sector to continue its business in the country is also provided in the
research. This can help in generating strategies that will be used for the future of improving
the Jordanian Telecom Sectors.

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1.3 Research objectives
The research objective is:
 To understand the concept of corporate social responsibility
 To analyse the importance of implementing corporate social responsibility in the
Jordanian Telecom Sectors
 To develop a pragmatic alternative for creating corporate social responsibility strategy
suitable for the Jordanian Telecom Sectors
 To recommend ways to improve the alternative sources for the betterment of the
Jordanian Telecom Sectors
1.4 Research questions
The research questions include:
 What is the concept of corporate social responsibility?
 What is the importance of implementing corporate social responsibility in the
Jordanian Telecom Sectors?
 What pragmatic alternative for creating corporate social responsibility strategy can be
suitable for the Jordanian Telecom Sectors?
 What recommends can be provided to improve the alternative sources for the
betterment of the Jordanian Telecom Sectors?

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Chapter 2: Literature review
2.1 Introduction
The chapter focuses on the theories and models that can be used to understand the
topic at hand. The works of various scholars as well as researchers have been analysed
critically in the chapter so that a proper idea can be developed that can shed light on the
research. The concepts, importance, application and the any changes that can be related with
the topic are analysed so that the corporate social responsibility of the Jordanian Telecom
Service can be analysed properly and steps to improve it can be taken. The literature review
helps in understanding the research in a broader manner.
2.2 Concept of corporate social responsibility
Corporate social responsibility has many definitions and in the modern world, the
concept has grown steadily. According to Tai and Chuang (2014), Corporate Social
Responsibility is the strategy that is devised by organisations so that policies and procedures
can be adopted by organisations in order to define its existence in the market. The policies
and procedures can help in benefiting the society so that the members can gain profit out of
the contributions made by the organisations. Corporate Social Responsibility is considered as
an important policy of an organisation that helps it to gain success (Holme and Watts 2018).
It has been seen been seen that the Corporate Social Responsibility help in providing
benefit for an organisation in terms of gaining popularity in the business as well as gaining
the trust of the people of the society. As stated by Matten and Moon (2014) Corporate Social
Responsibility can be engaged in strategic as well as ethical purpose that helps in governing
the functions of an organisation. In the words of McWilliams (2015), implementation of an
appropriate social policy can help in restricting the downfall of an organisation and ensure
that necessary recognition in the society can be obtained. Therefore, such strategy needs to be
implemented in organisations for gaining a competitive advantage in the market.
Many theorists have come up with the fact that social responsibility can help in the
development of the society in a proper manner. For example, eradication of poverty, social
exclusion and governmental degradation can be addressed with the effective application of
social responsible strategies. As stated by Lindgreen and Swaen (2017) social responsibility
can aim to move towards promoting a sustainable future that can be useful in building a

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proper work and social culture. The known status and respect that an organisation possesses
is related with the perceived responsibilities that it has towards a community. Hence,
Corporate Social Responsibility helps in the development of ethics among the people
working in an organisation.
At the same time, Crowther (2018) is of the opinion that Corporate Social
Responsibility in a general sense reflects the obligations towards the society and the
stakeholders. It is a known fact that the stakeholders of an organisation play a major role in
promoting the activities of an organisation and ensures that the activities of an organisation
pertain to the interests of the stakeholders. At the same time, the responsibilities towards the
communities in terms of its ethics need to be maintained by the organisations. According to
Leonard and McAdam (2013) long term profits can be operated using the perspectives of the
Corporate Social Responsibility.
However, Corporate Social Responsibility has met with a fair amount of criticism as
well. As critiqued by Cadbury (2016) Corporate Social Responsibility has a neutral impact on
the financial outcomes. At the same time, questions have been made about the unrealistic
expectations that are made from the application of Corporate Social Responsibilities. It has
been observed that Corporate Social Responsibility also assumes the ability of the
Government to create social movement if required and ensure that a proper risk management
device is taken into consideration (Carroll 2016). Therefore, it can be said that Corporate
Social Responsibility aids an organisation to accomplish its mission and at the same time
serve as a guide for the society.
2.3 Theories related to corporate social responsibility
Crane and Matten (2017) is of the opinion that the application of Corporate Social
Responsibility need to be based on the manner in which communities get inspiration from the
activities undertaken by an organisation. The displacement from a material value to an
immaterial value need to be addressed so that the application of the value of Corporate Social
Responsibility can be understood. Hence, it is for this reason that certain theories can be used
so that the effectiveness of the concept can be understood in a broader manner.
2.3.1 The stakeholder theory of Corporate Social Responsibility
The stakeholder theory is considered as the mirror image of Corporate Social
Responsibility. As stated by Carroll (2018) this particular theory is famous as it is a direct
alternative to the original concept of Corporate Social Responsibility. The theory argues that

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the pressure of the stakeholder groups has a wide development since the 1960s and the forces
that affect the business need not be underestimated. Hence, it is necessary that the interests of
the stakeholders be taken into consideration. At the same time, there has been criticism for
the application of the stakeholder theory in order to understand the impact it has on the
corporate social responsibility.
McWilliams and Siegel (2015) are of the view that the stakeholder theory emphasises
special interest to the society that can be considered as unrelated to the organisation. The
responsibility of the organisations is directly linked with the stakeholder responsibility and in
the process; it sometime fails to take into consideration the factors that may benefit the
society. At the same time proper segregation of the stakeholders are not taken into
consideration and this can be considered as a huge negative impact for the existence of social
responsibilities within an organisation (Garriga and Melé 2014).
2.3.2 The business ethics theory of Corporate Social Responsibility
Cowen, Ferreri and Parker (2017) is of the opinion that the focus of the ethical theory
is mainly on the ethical requirement that help in strengthening the relationship between a
business organisation and the society. The business ethics theory is based on the principle
that expresses the correct thing so that a necessity can be made to achieve a good and
prosperous society. According to McGuire, Sundgren and Schneeweis (2018), the business
ethics theory aims at establishing a wider social obligation so that the moral duty of the
business towards a society can be established.
Hence, it can be said that the application of the ethics theory can justify the
application of Corporation Social Responsibility on varied yet interrelated ethical grounds.
As stated by Dahlsrud (2018) the change in the social responsiveness and the expectations
from a particular society can be considered as a social problem. At the same time extrinsic
and intrinsic ethical values always acts as an inspiration so that normative and universal
principles can be derived from the social acts. The social justice, fairness and human rights
play a major role in promoting the business ethics among the society.
The critical view of the theory as stated by Aupperle, Carroll and Hatfield (2015) is
that it considers Corporate Social Responsibility as a philanthropic and ethical responsibility
rather than the legal and economic responsibility. The legal obligations of the Corporate
Social Responsibility initials are declined by the application of social responsibility in the

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society. Hence, it can be said that the application of business ethics in the theoretical aspect
can be considered as an obligation and freedom from legal implications in the society.
2.3.3 The shareholder value theory of Corporate Social Responsibility
The idea proclaimed by the shareholder theory is that it is the duty of the managers to
ensure that the profits of the shareholders are maximised so that they can invest more in the
business. As pointed out by Campbell (2017) increasing the value of an organisation does not
necessarily mean gaining high profits from the products sold or services rendered. The
application of a proper social responsibility can be considered as a means of increasing the
value of the shareholders. Roberts (2015) is of the opinion that the social responsibility of
business is to ensure that contribution to the society is made in a manner that helps in
increasing the economic condition of the place.
Cochran and Wood (2014) are of the opinion that maximising the profit of the
shareholders is to justify the most significant as well as the corporate responsibility of social
obligations. It is for this reason that strategic instrument as well as corporate competitive
benefit is obtained so that more profit can be gained from the society. Certain economists are
of the opinion that the application of the shareholder’s theory is that the corporation owners
need to serve the interests of the shareholders so that business can be carried on in a proper
manner (Carroll and Shabana 2017).
2.4 Importance of corporate social responsibility
As stated by Suliman et al. (2016) Corporate Social Responsibility is important in
every aspect of an organisation. Without proper Corporate Social Responsibility, it can be
difficult for companies to gain trust from the society and work towards developing a proper
reputation. Hence, an analysis can be made highlighting the importance of Corporate Social
Responsibility in the development of an organisation. This can provide an analysis of the
application that needs to be made in order to ensure that the development of the society. The
importance of Corporate Social Responsibility includes:
More media coverage: The recognition from the media can be considered as a huge
boost for the organisations. This is mainly because in the modern world, media plays an
important part in the promotion of a company. The exposure to good media can provide
companies with an opportunity to attract more customers so that it can increase the profit
(McWilliams, Siegel and Wright 2016). In the case of the application of Corporate Social
Responsibility, media coverage can help in providing exposure to the media and people

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benefiting from the social services can provide good feedback about the company. Hence,
this can help in the development of proper Corporate Social Responsibility and at the same
time increase the reputation.
More customer retention: The coverage from the media can lead to the increase of
customers. Customers can be retained because the trust upon a company can be gained. As
stated by Burke and Logsdon (2016) nine out of ten customers would not support a company
that does not indulge in social cause. This can hamper the existence of the company and in
turn can decrease its profitability. Hence, Corporate Social Responsibility can help in the
retention of customers and at the same time; ensure that benefit of the society can be restored.
Therefore, it can be said that the retention of the customers is one of the important factors that
can be gained by an organisation.
Brand differentiation: Roy et al. (2015) are of the opinion that brand differentiation
can be made with the help of Corporate Social Responsibility. An organisation can stand out
from its competitors with effective social responsibility and this can assist the creation of
brand image. Pedersen (2015) rightly pointed out that the existence of a brand image is
mainly due to the effectiveness of the Corporate Social Responsibility. Therefore,
organisations need to participate in programs that help in benefiting the society and in the
process ensure that the impressions of the people are subjective to the opinion that are
perceived about a company.
Low costs: Esrock and Leichty (2018) are of the opinion that lowering the costs of a
product or service can be considered as a social responsibility. This is mainly because the
cost cutting procedures used by reputed companies to maintain sustainability is one of the
most important aspects of social responsibility. For example, a company like IKEA has
shown an important way to cut down the cost of production by changing the shipping
practises and reduce the carbon footprint that have a heavy impact on its progress. Hence, it
can be said that lowering the cost can help in the implementation of factors which in turn can
be effective in gaining a good coverage in the society.
2.5 Factors contributing to achieve corporate social responsibility
Certain factors can contribute for the development of Corporate Social Responsibility.
These factors are important mainly because it dictates the manner in which effectiveness of
the strategy can help in creating brand image and at the same time ensure that legality of the
business is maintained. As stated by Mohr, Webb and Harris (2015) factors that contribute for

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the development of Corporate Social Responsibility can attributed to the factors that help an
organisation to progress in the market. Some of these factors are discussed that can be
effective in performing Corporate Social Responsibility of an organisation.
One of the factors that lead to achieving social responsibility is that of the law. As
stated by Carroll (2015) the importance of the legal factors can be determined based on its
implications in an organisation and at the same time on the development of the policies. One
of the important considerations that need to be undertaken is the application of policies so
that awareness of the people can be maintained over the application of social statures in the
organisation. This can help in creating social awareness among the people in the hopes that
legal and ethical considerations need to be made for the implementation of social
responsibilities.
Another factor that can contribute towards attaining Corporate Social Responsibility
is the condition of the society. As observed by Becker-Olsen, Cudmore and Hill (2016) the
social awareness of a company is mainly focused on the development of the society in which
it functions. Although arguments can be made stating that such development is mainly to
increase the capabilities of an organisation, the effectiveness of the development process can
help in the development of a society. Hence, as stated by Maignan and Ferrell (2014) social
awareness is an important factor for the development of social responsibility in an
organisation.
As observed by Bhattacharya et al. (2017) Corporate Social Responsibility helps in
the development of a strong infrastructure in the society. The diversity in a society can be
used to develop infrastructure such as hospitals or education centres. Therefore, improving
the infrastructure of the societies plays crucial role in the development of Corporate Social
Responsibility in an organisation. These factors are essential in ensuring that the people of a
society are provided with the necessities of life and at the same time ensure that influences
the managers of an organisation to develop a society worthy of residing or conducting
business activities.
Jones (2014) is of the opinion that Corporate Social Responsibility can help in the
prevention of risks and ensure that reputation increases. The impact of this is high in a society
and the improved manner in which new business opportunities can be developed helps in the
implementation of social responsibility. In the words of Du, Bhattacharya and Sen (2016) a
high competitiveness helps in the development of social responsibility mainly because, every

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organisation aims to gain a competitive advantage in the market. Hence, these factors can
help in the development of Corporate Social Responsibility and ensure that alternative to it
are as effective as the intended factors.
2.6 Alternatives for corporate social responsibility strategies
Freeman and Liedtka (2017) stated that an alternative for the application of Corporate
Social Responsibility strategy need to be developed so that shared value practise that is the
main cause of concern for most organisations could be mitigated. Outdated corporate
responsibility programme need to be removed so that companies can gain a proper exposure
to the society. Hence, approaches need to be developed so that alternative manner of
Corporate Social Responsibility can be attained so that uniqueness of the manner in which the
society is served can be made.
Luo and Bhattacharya (2016) are of the opinion that the application of an established
approach can help in developing an alternative for the application of Corporate Social
Responsibility. Social responsibility strategy needs to fulfil two goals that include creating a
positive social impact and enhancing the brand image. Hence, the application of an
alternative source such as an established approach can help in fulfilling the goals. This
Corporate Social Responsibility can help in defining charitable acts as well developing a
funding partnership so that business can be articulated in a proper manner. This can help in
the development of sponsorship within the market.
At the same time, certain factors need to be taken into consideration while
implementing alternative strategies to Corporate Social Responsibility. Moir (2015) is of the
opinion that moral obligations related to work needs to be taken into consideration so that
organisations can remain accountable to the duties that it needs to undertake. The social and
ethical standards need to be kept in mind while implementing the strategies related to
Corporate Social Responsibility. This can provide organisations with an opportunity to
remain effective in the business that is undertaken by it. As stated by Smith (2016) ethical
standard is one of the most important factors that need to be considered while socialising in
the organisations.
The sustainability factor also needs to be kept in mind while promoting corporate
social responsibility in the organisations. This is mainly because in the modern world, it is an
important factor for the success of an organisation (Visser 2018). Sustainability is essential
for the development of a society and this can be considered as an important alternative for the

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application of social responsibility. Most organisations tend to focus on the development of
society through education and infrastructure; however, taking care of the environment in a
strategic manner is another consideration that needs to be taken into consideration.
Mohr and Webb (2015) are of the opinion that it is important to execute the
application of Corporate Social Responsibility strategy so that organisations can maintain its
market advantage. Investing in time and energy for the implementation of strategies is one of
the most important factors that an organisation needs to consider. In the case of the
application of Corporate Social Responsibility and the means of finding an alternative way to
attain it, organisations need to consider the application of the factors that help in the
development of a proper social process.
2.7 Ways to improve the application of social responsible factors
Vogel (2017) stated that social responsible factors could be improved by the
application of strategies so that organisations can continue to develop in the market. Hence, it
is essential to formulate strategies that can help in building the factors that are responsible for
the development of society. One of the recommended options that can be provided is to
practise transparency in the business. Morsing and Schultz (2016) are of the opinion that in
the age of information and technology security of information in a company can be difficult
to maintain. Hence, any Corporate Social Responsible strategy that are carried out by
companies need to be preserved.
An active role in the community can help in building reputation as well as ensure that
social responsibility is attained. According to Lee (2018), being active in the society provides
an organisation with an opportunity to develop in the society. The decisions taken can have a
global impact, which in turn can help in providing organisations with an opportunity to
succeed in the business market. Hence, supporting the local community can be considered as
an effective method of considering the effective responsibilities needed in a society.
Epstein (2017) is of the opinion that in the modern world, another important change
that is required to be made is the innovation. Unlike in the earlier days, application of
Corporate Social Responsibility can be done by using innovative tactics. For example,
sustainability can be attained by gaining assistance from the technologies so that it can help
in maintaining the environment. Therefore, it is essential that organisations indulge in
innovative tactics so that it can gain the trust of the people and develop its business with
modern application (Hohnen and Potts 2017). Hence, it can be said the changes

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recommended could help in developing sustainability in the business and at the same time
ensure that business remain developed.
2.8 Summary
The chapter analysis various scholarly works that help in understanding the concept of
Corporate Social Responsibility and the manner in which it can be effective for the
development of an organisation. The manner in which social responsibility provides
companies with a competitive advantage is discussed by analysing its importance in the
business. Furthermore, the factors that contributes to the development and achievement of
Corporate Social Responsibility is analysed so that a proper analysis of it can be made. It has
been seen from this chapter that application of social responsibility can be done by changing
the type of responsibility and by the application of strategies that define the business.
Arguments made by the scholars about the topic have provided a proper insight into the
effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility.

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Chapter 3: Topic description
3.1 Introduction
The chapter provides a description of the topic and the country. Various factors that
needed to be known about the country are provided in the chapter. The research topic is
provided so that it helps in the development of the topic and at the same time ensures that the
country about which the topic is aimed at is described in a proper manner. Analysis based on
the industrial structure and the opportunities of import and export of the country is made. At
the same time, the demography of the country such as the population and living standard is
analysed as it is essential for the development and implementation of Corporate Social
Responsibility.
3.2 Topic of the research
The research focuses on the effectiveness of the Telecom Sector in Jordan and the
manner in which it can help in developing the country. The application of the Corporate
Social Responsibility of the sector is taken into account and its importance for the
development of the country is considered. Furthermore, the topic discusses the manner in
which the industrial structure of Jordan can help in the growth of the country and help in
gaining an idea about the application of social responsibility that can be provided. At the
same time, the factors that contribute for the development of the sector is taken into
consideration so that identification can be made about the best Corporate Social
Responsibility that can be implemented in the Jordanian Telecom Sector.
3.3 Description of the country
3.3.1 Industrial structure
Jordan is an under developed country located in the Middle East that depends upon
the assistance made by the foreign countries. The main sectors of the Jordanian industry are
the pharmaceuticals, cement, clothes and fertilisers. However, over the years, the Jordanian
Telecom Sector has become the principle telecommunication service in the country. The
development of the sector is because Jordan has to depend heavily on the assistance of the
foreign countries. Hence, it is essential that the telecommunication of Jordan upgrades itself
to provide assistance to an otherwise failing economy. The privatisation of the sector has
brought about a great deal of finances for the country.

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3.3.2 Exports and imports
The exports of Jordan are estimated to bring about JOD 6.521 billion while the import
brings about JOD 15.65 billion. The chief export and import partner of Jordan is Saudi
Arabia, India and The United States. In addition to this, the country conducts trade business
of clothing, pharmaceuticals, crude oil, machinery and transport with countries such as the
U.A.E, Italy, Iraq and China. However, it has been seen that the exports and import of Jordan
have decreased considerably. A comparison of the decline of the import and export figures of
Jordan has been provided for better understanding of the decline in the trade profits of the
country
Figure 1: Export of Jordan
(Source: Tradingeconomics.com 2018)

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Figure 2: Import of Jordan
(Source: Tradingeconomics.com 2018)
3.3.3 Population
Jordan has a population of about 9,949,170 inhabitants. The population consists of a
majority of Arabians while other ethnic people are considered as minority in the country. It
has been seen that the population of the country is equivalent to 0.13% of the total population
of the world and this is one of the reasons behind it being considered as an underdeveloped
country. The density of the population in the country is 112 per km2 with a land area of
88,780 km2. The median age of the people in the country is about 22.4 years. The population
has received a steady growth since 1955.
Figure 3: Population growth of Jordan
(Source: Worldometers.info 2018)
3.3.4 Living standard
The cost of living in Jordan is much higher than compared to other countries of the
Middle East. The rent provided by the people residing in Jordan is about 87.31% higher than
other Middle Eastern countries. Despite this Jordan is considered as an under developed

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country mainly because the rate of standard of living does not match the rate of economic
growth of the country. Jordan has been ranked among the 50 most expensive countries in the
world due to its high standard of living. However, it is the responsibility of the Government
of the country as well as the sectors inside the country to ensure that the living standard
improves.
3.3.5 GDP size
The GDP size of Jordan is worth US$40.07 billion. The GDP value of the country
represents about 0.06 percent of the world economy. The GDP of Jordan averages about
US$10.25 billion in 1965 and since then have grown gradually with the elapse of time. The
GDP is also expected to increase by 2.4% by the end of 2018 and by 2.5% at the start of
2019. The per capital income of Jordan JOD 5,180 with an approximate of 14.4% population
reside below the poverty line.
3.3.6 Literacy
The literacy rate of the Jordanians is about 14.5%. It has been seen that the illiteracy
rate in Jordan is the lowest among the Arab countries with only 9.1% of the population being
classified as illiterate. The literacy rate of the country is an indication of the potential success
that the country can have and the manner in which it can use it to develop the poor state of
the region. Hence, it can be said that the population of Jordan is one of the most literate
people in the world presently.
3.4 Summary
Therefore, it can be summarised that the topic provides an overview of the Jordanian
Telecom Sector with an in-depth analysis of the country. The manner in which Corporate
Social Responsibility of the sector can be applied is analysed in the chapter. The
demographic condition of the country suggests that the application of such strategy can help
in building the society and at the same time ensure that the Jordanian Telecom Sector gain the
required exposure in the market. The next chapter focuses on the application of the
methodology that is to be used while conducting the research in a successful manner.

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Chapter 4: Methodology
4.1 Introduction
The chapter focuses on the tools and techniques that can be used for completing the
research in a successful manner. The research choices that have been made are justified and
the effectiveness of the research methodology on the topic has been provided. The researcher
also provides the accessibility issues that have been faced and the ethical considerations that
have been made in order to conduct the research.
4.2 Research philosophy
The research philosophy consists of three types of ways to analyse the data. These
include the positivism philosophy, interpretivism philosophy and pragmatism philosophy.
The three philosophies have distinctive characteristics that help in choosing a particular mode
of analysis. According to Neuman and Robson (2014), positivism philosophy helps by
providing information about the research by relating it to the facts that help in gaining a full
knowledge of the specific topic. The interpretivism philosophy helps in gaining the relevant
information so that real life incidents and experiences can be related for better understanding
of the topic (Lewis 2015). On the other hand, the application of the pragmatic philosophy can
be considered as the amalgamation of both the other philosophies so that assist in the analysis
of the facts can be related with the real world.
4.2.1 Justification of the selected research philosophy
In order to conduct this particular research in a proper manner the application of
positivism philosophy can be appropriate. The reason for the choice of this particular
philosophy is that it can help the researcher to develop opportunities that can be related to the
scientific analysis. Elliott (2015) stated that positivism philosophy helps in analysing
scholarly articles that can be used for the successful completion of a research. Therefore, the
application of this theory is justified.
4.3 Research design
According to Ellram and Tate (2016), the research design is based on two types of
methods. These include the exploratory design and the descriptive design. The application of
the research design can help in attaining the objectives of the research and at the same time
ensure that a proper analysis of the topic is done by linking it with the objectives. Taylor,

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Bogdan and DeVault (2015) stated that the exploratory research design assists in an
investigation keeping in mind the new and relevant responses that are provided based on the
topic. However, the descriptive research design verifies the topic that helps in the analysis of
the research question and links it with the topic at hand (Panneerselvam 2014).
4.3.1 Justification of the selected research design
The research design that is selected for the completion of the research is the
descriptive design. The reason for the selection of this design is that since the data is analysed
using secondary sources, description about the concept need to be provided so that a proper
conclusion can be obtained. This can help in defining the objectives of the research in a
proper manner.
4.4 Research approach
The importance of the research approach is that it helps in providing information that
is relevant and a relation with the research topic is made. According to Quinlan et al. (2018),
the research approach comprises of two types that is the inductive and the deductive
approach. The inductive approach assists in the application of models and relevant theories so
that the requirements of the research topic are met. The deductive approach helps in the
analysis of the theories and ensures that the theories are applied in a manner that can help in
the effective completion using secondary sources (Bernard 2017). Moreover, thematic
analysis can be conducted using the deductive approach.
4.4.1 Justification of the selected research approach
For the successful completion of this research, the research approach that can be taken
into consideration is the deductive approach. This is mainly because the deductive approach
can help in the analysis of the theories that can be related to the topic at hand. A thematic
analysis can be conducted so that target can be reached based on the application of secondary
data. The deductive approach can be effective in analysing the theories that need to be sought
for the completion of the research topic. Hence, the application of this particular research
approach is justified.
4.5 Research questions
The research questions include:
 What is the concept of corporate social responsibility?

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
 What is the importance of implementing corporate social responsibility in the
Jordanian Telecom Sectors?
 What pragmatic alternative for creating corporate social responsibility strategy can be
suitable for the Jordanian Telecom Sectors?
 What recommends can be provided to improve the alternative sources for the
betterment of the Jordanian Telecom Sectors?
4.6 Data collection method
The data collection method normally includes two types of method that include the
primary method and the secondary method. Cheng and Phillips (2014) observed that the
secondary data consists of collection of information using books, articles and journals along
with the official and Government websites. The primary data collection method involves
collecting first hand information from the experiences of the people and their opinion about a
particular topic. This can be done using methods such as surveys or interviews that help in
the proper analysis of the data.
4.6.1 Justification of the selected data collection method
In order to complete the research in a successful manner, the application of secondary
data is appropriate. The reason for the application of secondary data is that thoughts and
insights of various scholars can be related with the topic at hand. This can help in gaining an
in-depth knowledge of the topic and help in the successful completion of the topic. Hence,
relation can be made with the works of the scholars and the theories related can also be
applied for the successful completion of the research. The basis used for the collection of
secondary data is the information received from websites, journals and books that can be
related to the topic.
4.7 Data collection technique
The data collection technique consists of qualitative as well as quantitative technique.
According to Berger (2015), the application of the techniques can help in predicting and
judging the results that are expected from the completion of the research of the topic. The
qualitative technique is applied while using primary data so that the results of the survey can
be calculated and the research can be completed in a proper manner. The responses of the
participants of the survey are calculated and analysed. At the same time, the application of
the quantitative data collection technique can help in analysing the secondary research that

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has been conducted so that a more detailed approach can be made and the research can be
completed in a proper manner (Nardi 2018).
4.7.1 Justification of the selected data collection technique
This research uses the analysis of secondary data and due to this; the application of
quantitative data collection technique can be used. For this research, the appropriate
application of secondary research is the thematic analysis. This can help in gaining more
details about the topic and at the same time ensure that relevant theories are applied that can
help in relating the topic with that of the objectives. The research questions can be answered
by the application of the thematic analysis.
4.8 Ethical considerations
In order to ensure that the research is conducted in a proper manner, the researcher
needs to take into account certain considerations. These include defining the purpose of the
research so that accessibility to the information related to the research can be made. This can
help in identifying the manner in which the research needs to be conducted by the researcher.
The data collected by the researcher is made valid so that it can be collected in a legal
manner. The statute of the Data Protection Act 1998 needs to be followed so that the
information collected can be made legal. The researcher cannot use the data collected for any
other purpose other than the academic purpose intended for collecting the data. The results of
the research will be kept a secret to avoid controversies.
4.9 Accessibility issues
In order to complete the research in a proper manner, the researcher faced various
issues that hindered the progress. One of the issues that were faced by the researcher is the
extensive search of the secondary data. The required data for identifying the application of
corporate social responsibility in the Jordanian Telecom Sector needed to be related to the
theme of the research. Hence, accessing the files and websites related to the Telecom Sector
were difficult to access as it was protected using firewalls. At the same time, the websites
were set in the local language of Jordan that needed to be translated.
4.10 Summary
The importance of the research methodology is that it helps in providing a
comprehensive analysis of the research tools that are used in the research. The process and
techniques are chosen based on the manner in which success of the research can be gained.
One of the advantages of the proper application of the research tools is that it can help in

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
analysing the effects that the Jordanian Telecom Sector has on the social responsibilities of
people. The justification of the choice of research techniques is provided so that a proper
understanding of the research topic can be made. The ethical consideration helps in
understanding the things that need to be done and the things that needs to be avoided while
conducting the research.

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Chapter 5: Analysis and Findings
5.1 Introduction
The chapter provides an understanding of the analysis and findings that can be
obtained after analysing the Jordanian Telecom Sector. The analysis is based upon
conducting a secondary analysis that highlights the key aspects of the Corporate Social
Responsibility tactics and its effectiveness in the Jordanian Telecom Sector. The analysis and
findings provides an idea about the manner in which alternatives to the Corporate Social
Responsibility can be implemented so that it can help in the growth of the sector as well as
the development of the country in general.
5.2 Analysis and findings
Theme 1: Effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility
As stated by Palazzo (2018) Corporate Social Responsibility is one of the modern
strategic aspects that organisations need to follow in order to maintain good relations with the
society. Thereby, its effectiveness in the market can stretch towards many aspects that
include educating the society to building a proper life style of the people. The statistics show
that effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility in every sphere of life.
Figure 4: Effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility
(Source: Trc.gov.jo, 2018)

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
As the analysis suggests, the effectiveness of the Corporate Social Responsibility can
be best implemented for the development of a community. This is mainly because an
organisation aims to get the best support from the community in terms of resources as well as
the materials. Hence, development of the infrastructure related to the community is important
for the development of an organisation. The environmental factor also plays an important role
for Jordanian Telecom Sector. Education of the people in the society is important for its
development so that employment can be increased. Hence, Jordanian Telecom Sector need to
ensure that education is provided in the society so that the people can advance.
The analysis also shows that conserving the environment is another important factor
that needs to be maintained from the Corporate Social Responsibility. According to Kurucz,
Colbert and Wheeler (2018), protecting the environment need to be done to maintain
sustainability and at the same time ensure that the health of the people is maintained. This is
another factor that Jordanian Telecom Sector takes into consider so that the people can have a
better life and contribute for the development of the society. Therefore, it can be said that
Corporate Social Responsibility plays an important role for the development of the society as
well as the community. These responsibilities are common and organisations need to ensure
that proper management system is implemented in order to gain recognition.
Theme 2: Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility
The literature provides a description of the importance of Corporate Social
Responsibility while the theme earlier provides its effectiveness. Lantos (2016) is of the
opinion that the Corporate Social Responsibility is needed in every aspect so that companies
can provide an opportunity for improvement in the society. At the same time it is also
essential that the reputation of the company improve that can help in the development of the
company. It has been seen that improvement of the public image can help in the development
of the development of a company. As stated by Barnett (2017) companies that remain
engaged in different activities across the country are more likely to be noticed by the public.
On the other hand, if the activities undertaken pertain to the development of the
society then the companies becomes a major favourite for the people. In this regard, it can be
said that positive feedback may be received from the people and it can help in the
development of the people in the society. Apart from this, the exposure of the brand in turn
can help in retention of the customers. Although Baron (2018) views this particular factor as

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separate from the popularity, denial cannot be made about the effectiveness of public
exposure on the retention of the customers.
Another importance of engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility is that companies
can build a proper brand differentiation. This can help in the retention of the employees and
at the same time ensure that the customers are aware of the brand not only for the products
and services provided but also for the contribution towards the society. Branco and Rodrigues
(2016) is of the opinion that increase the brand awareness can help in ushering more profit
thereby plays a significant contribution towards the motivation of the employees. Hence, it
can be said that the adoption of the Corporate Social Responsibility process does not only
help the companies to be popular with the customers but also act as an indirect motivating
factor for the employees.
Figure 5: Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility
(Source: Trc.gov.jo, 2018)
Theme 3: A pragmatic alternative Corporate Social Responsibility strategy
According to Alexander and Buchholz (2018), most companies aim at preaching and
practising Corporate Social Responsibility for the development of a community and the
society. However, it is essential to understand that Corporate Social Responsibility mainly
fulfils two goals that help in the development of the society and the community. These two
goals include creating a positive social impact and enhancing the brand name of the

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company. Hence, as stated by Godfrey, Merrill and Hansen (2018) companies should not try
to force the desperate Corporate Social Responsibility programmes in the strategy adopted by
the brand.
Jordanian Telecom Sector needs to have a clear idea about the reason for being
involved in the Corporate Social Responsibility and the outcomes that can be expected from
it. Unlike its supplier Zain, which possess revenue worth JOD 1030, the Jordanian Telecom
Sector cannot afford to refrain from conducting Corporate Social Responsibility. An example
of the revenue of Zain can be provided in this case.
Figure 5: Revenue generated by Zain
(Source: Jo.zain.com 2018)
Keeping this in mind, it can be said that capital fund of Jordanian Telecom Sector can
be used to provide assistance to the people in need so that they can improve the functioning
of the strategy and ensure that emphasis is provided for the aim at developing the community
or for improving the working condition within the organisations. One such alternative that
can be adopted is the development of ethical considerations within a society.
Although Brammer, Millington and Rayton (2017) may argue that the development of
ethical consideration within the people is done by providing education, evidence can prevail
that states that development of ethical considerations sometimes occur from the background
of the family. It has been seen from the analysis of the country that Jordan has the least
number of people in the illiterate section. Therefore, the people residing in the society can
understand a sense of right and wrong principles within the community and its application.
Apart from this aligning the share of profits for the development of the community can be

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
considered as an alternate approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility. However, one
of the criteria that need to be kept in mind is the capability of the company.
The capability of Jordanian Telecom Sector can help it to remain contained within its
aims and ensure that innovative actions are taken for the development of the community. For
companies that lack stable financial conditions it can be difficult to implement innovative
tactics. Hence, it can be said that development of an alternative source of Corporate Social
Responsibility can help companies to remain unique in the market and provide an opportunity
for growth.
Theme 4: Changes in the application of Corporate Social Responsibilities
The application of Corporate Social Responsibility needs to take into consideration
the effectiveness with which a company can deliver its capabilities. As stated by Craig and
Rodrigues (2016) it is the duty of the managers of an organisation to ensure that Corporate
Social Responsibility is prevailed within the organisation so that it can continue to function
properly in the society. It is for this reason that changes are required to be made within
Jordanian Telecom Sector that helps in guiding the effectiveness of the changes and the
manner in which it can be implemented by the organisation.
Hence, the recommendations that are needed to be provided to the company normally
account for being creative and innovative in the market so that it can continue its growth in
the market. The changes need to be made by taking into account the applicability of change
management tactics so that organisations and the employees can benefit from it. In the case of
the Jordanian Telecom Sector, the change of the management needs to focus on the effective
implementation of the factors that dictate the success of Corporate Social Responsibility
(Moon and Knudsen 2018).
It can be seen that in the case of Orange Group, the revenue generated by the
company is usually from the mobile and internet services that it provides. Jordanian Telecom
Sector can benefit from this supplier as the revenue generated is mainly based on the mobile
communication. The figure provides an idea about the practises that are undertaken by the
Jordanian Telecom Sector with Orange Group.

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
Figure 6: Revenue generated by Orange Group
(Source: Jo.zain.com 2018)
The analysis of the literature review suggests that changes in the Corporate Social
Responsibility need to be made by considering the innovative capability and the strength of
the resources. Previous analysis has shown that the effective implementation of Corporate
Social Responsibility is mainly on the development of community through educational
practises as well as ensuring that the environment is kept safe. However, implementation of
changes in the community by Jordanian Telecom Sector needs to be provided after careful
analysis of the resources. As stated by Kim, Li and Li (2014) development of a pragmatic
alternative requires the effective implementation of resources so that proper effectiveness is
maintained in the organisations.
5.3 Summary
It can be summarised that Corporate Social Responsibility is one of the most
important and effective strategy that every business unit need to implement. In the case of the
telecom sector in Jordan the alternative approach to the Corporate Social Responsibility can
help in the development of the country and at the same time develop the sector. The analysis
show that the main goal of the Telecom Sector is to improve the wealth of the people and
therefore, strategies related to its accomplishment are undertaken by the organisations. The
development of the country is done in phrases so that each step can be properly addressed
before its movement to the next phrase.

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Chapter 6: Discussion
6.1 Introduction
The chapter discusses the analysis and findings along with the research questions that
has been developed to conduct the research. The discussion is linked with the research
question so that the aim of the research is maintained. At the same time, relation with the
literature review is made so that verification can be done about the successful manner in
which the research has been conducted. The chapter conducts a proper discussion about the
findings by making critical arguments about the analysis and trying to identify a proper
connection between the Corporate Social Responsibility adopted by the Jordanian Telecom
Sector and its connection with its development.
6.2 Research questions
The research questions included for the research were:
 What is the concept of corporate social responsibility?
 What is the importance of implementing corporate social responsibility in the
Jordanian Telecom Sectors?
 What pragmatic alternative for creating corporate social responsibility strategy can be
suitable for the Jordanian Telecom Sectors?
 What recommends can be provided to improve the alternative sources for the
betterment of the Jordanian Telecom Sectors?
6.3 Discussion
From the analysis, it can be seen that Corporate Social Responsibility is essential for
the development of a community. In the case of the Jordanian Telecom Sector, it is essential
that the company maintain strategies to develop the community for its betterment. The
analysis shows that it is essential to develop the community in which a company functions.
The Jordanian Telecom Sector is spread across Jordan and it is essential that the development
of the country take place. The development can take place by considering every aspect that
the Corporate Social Responsibility intends to perform.
The analysis of the background of the country has shown that the living standard of
Jordan is high and it is for this reason the country is considered as one of the most expensive
in the world. However, a slow economic growth mainly due to the fall in export and import

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
of the country have resulted it being considered as one of the under developed and lesser-
known countries of the world. Hence, it can be said that it is the duty of the Jordanian
Telecom Sector to ensure that development of the economy takes place along with the cost of
living in the country.
The rate of people residing below the poverty need to improve as this is one aspect in
the society, which plays a hindrance role in the development of the country. This can be done
by contributing a share of the profit earned to the people so that development of the society
takes place. Such a step can be considered as one of the essential roles of Corporate Social
Responsibility and it can help the Jordanian Telecom Sector to gain reputation in the market
and work towards the improvement of the society.
This can be done by ensuring that the sector engages in improving the communication
system with the world so that the import and export between the countries can improve.
Moreover, it is also essential that the sector encourage people with the art of residing a stable
life without spending much on items that cannot be liquidated or generate income. For this, it
is important to ensure that the education of the people is provided. It has already been seen
that Jordan is considered as a country that has the lowest illiteracy rate. At the same time, the
literacy rate of the country is not as high as other countries in the world.
Hence, it is essential for the Jordanian Telecom Sector to take into account the
education of the society and use it to make it a better place for the people to reside in it.
Education across the country can be spread by setting up schools or undertaking campaigns
that provide an opportunity for the people to be educated and lift them up from the illiterate
section of the society. Jordanian Telecom Sector can provide such opportunities so that it can
be prudent for the people to gain the basic education needed for lifting the condition of the
society as well as the community in which they reside.
At the same time, the environmental factor of the Corporate Social Responsibility
undertaken by the companies compels it to maintain sustainability in the environment. The
analysis shows that protecting the environment is considered as one of the most important
duties of Corporate Social Responsibility and the Jordanian Telecom Sector need to
implement strategies to protect it. It has been seen that Jordan is considered to have one of the
most polluted environment mainly due to its population and the mass of land. Hence, priority
on the protection of the environment is essential so that the sector can help in its development
and make Jordan one of the cleanest countries in the world.

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Therefore, keeping in mind the essentials of Corporate Social Responsibility, the
importance of it can be taken into consideration and related with the Jordanian Telecom
Sector. As per the analysis, one of the most important factors related to Corporate Social
Responsibility is that it helps in the improvement of public image. The Jordanian Telecom
Sector already has a good reputation in the market and therefore, it can be said that
implementation of Corporate Social Responsible factors can help in improving the already
existing reputation of the sector. In this case, it can be said that Jordanian Telecom Sector can
improve its stability in the market by attracting customers as well as employees.
The analysis has shown that Corporate Social Responsibility helps in motivating
employees as monetary benefit can be gained from its implementation. Hence, it is necessary
that Corporate Social Responsibility be implemented by the sector to improve the longevity
of the employees. The motivation of the employees can be gained by providing them with the
assistance required for working at the sector. The Corporate Social Responsibility adopted by
the sector can help in retaining the services of the employees as well as the investors that take
interest in the sector. Therefore, it can be concluded that the stakeholders of the Jordanian
Telecom Sector can benefit immensely from the adoption of a proper responsible factor.
It has been seen from the analysis that increasing the reputation also helps in retaining
the loyalty of the customers. At the same time, the analysis of the background of the country
has proven that export and import of the country have taken a backdrop in the past years.
Hence, an improved reputation of the sector can help it to establish proper and effective
communication with the countries interested in trade relations with Jordan thereby improving
the condition of the society. The Jordanian Telecom Sector can implement the responsibility
in trying to create intercommunication between the people in the countries so that
effectiveness of the strategy can be maintained.
The analysis also shows that corporate partnership can be forged with the help of
Corporate Social Responsibilities. This can be attributed with the fact that the partnership
usually occur with companies that have the same interest in helping out the community and
its development. Forging corporate partnership with reputed companies can help in the
improvement of Jordanian Telecom Sector and at the same time provide the sector with an
opportunity to gain resources and capabilities from the partnership. As seen from the analysis
of the organisation, the Jordanian Telecom Sector does not have any such partnerships forged

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
at the time and this can be considered as a backlog for the sector particularly if it tries to
establish an educated and established community.
At the same time, Corporate Social Responsibility can help in the differentiation of
the brand and therefore, it can be said that the companies are provided with an opportunity to
be different from one another. In the case of the Jordanian Telecom Sector, the differentiation
in the brand can help it to maintain its uniqueness from its competitors. Although the sector
does not face much competition in the country, expansion into a foreign territory in the future
may bring about competition in the market. Therefore, it is essential that the Jordanian
Telecom Sector abide by the opportunities provided by the Corporate Social Responsibility
and engage in helping the community to progress.
On the other hand, application of a pragmatic alternative strategy for the
implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility need to be identified so that in the case of
failure of the common strategies, the Jordanian Telecom Sector gain competence with the
unique solutions that it can provide to the community for its development. The analysis has
shown that alternate solution for the implementation of proper Corporate Social
Responsibility within the community need to be unique and innovative. Therefore, the
Jordanian Telecom Sector needs to develop capabilities that can serve its purpose for
spreading growth and education in the society.
The analysis has provided evidence that organisations normally aim to fulfil two goals
that are necessary for the implementation of an effective Corporate Social Responsibility. In
the case of the Jordanian Telecom Sector, these goals help in creating positive social impact
in the community so that the brand image of the sector can be enhanced. Unlike other sectors,
the Jordanian Telecom Sector finds this particular growth to be a natural fit mainly because
of its already established name in the society. Hence, it can be said that the Corporate Social
Responsibility strategies that the sector aims to apply can provide the sector with uniqueness
and at the same time ensure that it helps in gaining its objectives.
One of the advantages that the Jordanian Telecom Sector possesses is its idea and
clarity of its goals. The economic state of Jordan does not have stability and therefore, it can
be said that the sector can be said that the application of strategies related to the development
of economy can be a huge factor for the sector. It has already been seen that the effectiveness
of the Corporate Social Responsibility is directed for the development of the community and

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
the environment along with that of providing education. Hence, economic development is
important for the development of the country.
6.4 Summary
Therefore, it can be summarised that Corporate Social Responsibilities adopted by the
Jordanian Telecom Sectors is aimed at the development of the country in terms of its
education and environment. At the same time, the importance of this particular strategy can
be attributed to the fact that it provides the Telecom Sector with an opportunity to develop in
the country. The link to the research questions have been made to ensure that the research is
undertaken in a correct manner and that no discrepancies regarding its analysis are made. The
next chapter provides the conclusion as well as provides possible recommendations to the
Jordanian Telecom Sector in terms of its use of any alternate Corporate Social Responsibility.
Corporate Social Responsibility needs to be implemented in a way that it proves an
opportunity for every organisation to ensure that it provides the best quality of services for
the society. In the case of Jordanian Telecom Sector, application of the alternative Corporate
Social Responsibility can help in the progress of the society. It has been seen that it is
necessary that ethical consideration within the society is an important aspect for the
development of an organisation. It is necessary that Jordanian Telecom Sector come up with
a solution that provides it with an opportunity to progress in the society without having to
spend excess finance. This is necessary as the financial capability of the sector needs to be
managed and at the same time, the society needs to be developed.
Therefore, it can be said that the Jordanian Telecom Sector need to consider every
aspect that exists in the society and with it the financial capability of the company also need
to be analysed. The development of the society can help Jordan to improve its position in the
global market and provide the sector with a growing reputation in the market. A conclusion
can be provided that summarises the research.

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Chapter 7: Conclusion
7.1 Conclusion
The research can be concluded by taking into consideration the factors that affect the
importance of Corporate Social Responsibility. It is essential to understand that Corporate
Social Responsibility needs to be undertaken so that a company can continue to gain
popularity with its development. The manner in which effectiveness of Corporate Social
Responsibility can be taken into account is one of the most important factors that need to be
considered. Hence, the strategies that can be adopted for the implementation of Corporate
Social Responsibility within an organisation need to be precise and at the same time consist
of managing an effective position in the market.
It is important that a sector like Jordanian Telecom Sector develop its Corporate
Social Responsibility in an effective manner. This is mainly because Jordan is considered as
one of the most under developed countries in the world. Despite its rich life style and a high
rate of literacy, the country requires the development of economy and a proper trade relation.
The responsibility of Jordanian Telecom Sector is to ensure that a communication is made
with the countries so that trade relations are kept for the development of the economy.
Change in the lifestyle of the people in the community need to be done based on the
implementation of the Corporate Social Responsibility strategies that help in the development
of the society.
At the same time, it is highly essential to take into consideration the environmental
factors, as the sustainability of a society is important for the implementation of a suitable
business. The Jordanian Telecom Sector need to ensure that the environment in which it
works provide itself with an opportunity to develop its sustainability. The analysis has shown
that due to the population of the country along with its land mass, it can be difficult to
maintain a proper environment suitable for sustainability. Hence, this is another consideration
that needs to be made by Jordanian Telecom Sector.
Therefore, it can be said that the Jordanian Telecom Sector need to be innovative as
well as maintain uniqueness in the strategies that are adopted by it. The changes that need to
be undertaken by the Jordanian Telecom Sector need to be such that it highlights the
innovative prospects of the sector. This can provide an opportunity for the sector to promote

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
its capabilities. Apart from the customers, the employees working at the sector can gain
benefit from the application of proper Corporate Social Responsibility within the
organisation. Hence, Jordanian Telecom Sector need to take measures that can make the
sector effective in its market.
7.2 Linking with the objectives
Objective 1: To understand the concept of corporate social responsibility
The Corporate Social Responsibility is one of the most important and essential
strategies that need to be taken by an organisation in order to attain success. The application
of Corporate Social Responsibility can be attributed to the fact that it provides organisations
with an opportunity to make its presence known in the market. In the case of the Jordanian
Telecom Sector, the application of the Corporate Social Responsibility is essential for the
development of the country. Evidence from the literature review as well as the data analysis
suggests that the effectiveness of the Corporate Social Responsibility can help in the
development of a community, environment and provide chances of receiving proper
education to the people.
Therefore, it can be said that Corporate Social Responsibility of the Jordanian
Telecom Sector needs to focus on the development of these factors for the progress of the
country as well as the organisation. The focus need to be primarily on these factors so that the
perception of the people about Jordan being an under developed country can be changed.
Hence, it can be said that this particular objective is met after proper analysis of the literature
review as well as the data analysis present for understanding the concept.
Objective 2: To analyse the importance of implementing corporate social responsibility
in the Jordanian Telecom Sectors
As established earlier, Corporate Social Responsibility is important for establishing
the goodwill of an organisation in the society. However, analysis of the literature review as
well as other secondary sources has established the fact that Corporate Social Responsibility
is important in other areas as well. The analysis has shown that Corporate Social
Responsibility can be applied in other areas such as motivation of the employees as well as
retention of the customers. In the case of the Jordanian Telecom Sector, the application of the
Corporate Social Responsibility can be directed at establishing proper trade relations with the
foreign country.

39
CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
The reason for this is that the analysis has shown that export and import of Jordan has
decreased vehemently and this in turn can have a negative impact on the economic growth of
the country. Hence, the Jordanian Telecom Sector can establish good relations with the
foreign country and improve its export and import in the country. Therefore, such a
relationship can help in establishing a proper Corporate Social Responsibility in the market
and provide Jordan with an opportunity to grow its economic competence. Hence, after the
analysis of the literature review and the data with secondary information it can be said that
this particular objective has been met.
Objective 3: To develop a pragmatic alternative for creating corporate social
responsibility strategy suitable for the Jordanian Telecom Sectors
The analysis has shown that it is important for organisations to develop a pragmatic
alternative solution so that Corporate Social Responsibility strategy can be suitable for the
Jordanian Telecom Sector. The sector needs to ensure that the Corporate Social
Responsibility is stretched towards the development of the community using means that are
unique from its competitors. It can be said that such application can help the Jordanian
Telecom Sectors to expand its horizons in the market and at the same time implement the
strategies in a proper manner.
The telecom sector needs to provide support by taking innovative steps so that it can
mitigate the threats of the competitors. At the same time, it is also necessary that the
Jordanian Telecom Sector take into account the ethical considerations that can be related for
the protection of the community. The analysis shows that bringing about an ethical
development for the people can be considered as an educational approach. With a high rate of
literacy rate, Jordan Telecom Sector can implement the ethical consideration of the country in
a proper manner. Thus, it can be said that the Jordanian Telecom Sector can develop a
pragmatic alternative for the success of its Corporate Social Responsibility in the market.
Objective 4: To recommend ways to improve the alternative sources for the betterment
of the Jordanian Telecom Sectors
Therefore, it is essential that Corporate Social Responsibility strategy be
directed towards the development of economy by engaging in collaboration of trade activities
with foreign nations. To do so the Jordanian Telecom Sector need to maintain effective
communication with the countries and involve them in the trade activities that can help them

40
CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
in securing stability in the import and export within the country. This can be considered as an
effective role that the Jordanian Telecom Sector can play in the community. At the same
time, it is also necessary that the ethical consideration of the people be taken into
consideration so that it can help in maintaining a disciplined community.
The ethical condition of the people needs to be considered so that it can help in
maintaining the discipline of the country and the people involved in it. It has been seen from
the analysis as well as the background of the country that Jordan is a country with a high
percentage of literate people. Hence, it is expected that the people residing in the country
have an understanding of the ethical considerations and the company can best reflect the
manner in which it can pursue its effectiveness. Therefore, ensuring that the ethical factors
are kept in mind while implementing the Corporate Social Responsibility of the organisation.
7.3 Recommendations
After the analysis of the secondary data as well as the literature reviews,
recommendations can be provided so that the Jordanian Telecom Sector can improve its
functions in the society and implement the necessary assistance required for the development
of the society. One of the changes that the sector can make is the adoption of innovative
practises for the development of the society. This can be done by ensuring that adequate
profit is obtained and used for the development of strategies such as an opportunity to scale
the economic progress of the country. Argument can be made of the fact that development of
economy is usually done by the Government, but Jordanian Telecom Sector can implement
this strategy so that it can be unique in its pursue of providing an effective Corporate Social
Responsibility.
This can include making equipments for conducting effective communication with the
foreign countries so that a trade relation can be made that can provide Jordan with the desired
growth in the economy. One of the important aspects of the Jordanian Telecom Sector is that
it can manage to provide an opportunity of collaboration with the people residing in areas
outside the country. Hence, people outside Jordan can make effective contact with the
country and visit the country for business purpose as well for touring it. At the same time,
another recommendation that can be adopted by the Jordanian Telecom Sector is that it can
use Corporate Social Responsibility for improving the profitability of the sector.
This can be done by helping the people and increasing the reputation of the sector.
The analysis has already stated that the application of Corporate Social Responsibility in a

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CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
positive manner can help in improving the brand awareness among the people. Despite the
fact that the Jordanian Telecom Sector is popular in the country, the effective popularity of
the sector can help in providing the sector with an additional benefit in the market. The
Jordanian Telecom Sector can use the popularity to reach its customers and make effective
relationships with the employees. The employees can be well motivated for helping the sector
reach its popularity.
7.4 Future scope of study
The future scope of the study is that the effectiveness of Corporate Social
Responsibility in organisations outside Jordan can be done. At the same time, scope of
expansion of the telecom sector and its popularity in the market of Jordan can be identified.
Having identified the condition of Jordan, the manner in which the economy of the country
can be improved or the manner in which the population can be controlled by effective means
of Corporate Social Responsibility can be identified. The opportunities that may be gained by
business organisations from an overseas location can be identified in the future.

42
CREATING A CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY
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