Corporate Strategy and Governance: A Study on Marks and Spencer

This report analyzes the significance of corporate governance practices in maximizing organizational profitability and productivity. It examines various corporate governance practices employed by Marks and Spencer for managing strategic business plans, investigates the challenges faced by the company due to ineffective corporate governance practices, and discerns the role of corporate governance practices and strategies in enhancing organizational profitability.

Corporate Strategy and
Governance

Table of Contents
Chapter 1..........................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Research problem...................................................................................................................4
Research aim and objectives..................................................................................................4
Research questions.................................................................................................................5
About the chosen organisation/ Background .........................................................................5
Chapter 2..........................................................................................................................................7
LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................7
What are the various corporate governance practices employed by an entity for managing
strategic business plans?.........................................................................................................7
What are the challenges faced by Marks & Spencer due to ineffective corporate governance
practices?................................................................................................................................8
Chapter 3........................................................................................................................................13
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................13
Chapter 4........................................................................................................................................17
Results and Finding .............................................................................................................17
Chapter 5........................................................................................................................................26
Recommendations................................................................................................................26
Action Plan ..........................................................................................................................26
Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................26
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................27
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................30

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Corporate Governance refers to the way a corporation is governed. This is the technique
used by business concern and control and manages the business activities. This is important for
each organization to follow the regulations and rules which are formulated by managers to
operate the business regularly. This could be explained as main activity and legislation which are
designed for the purpose of bringing new working method and support to accomplish the
business goals. In other words, corporate governance relates to a system, used by management
for bringing new activities and functions which supports to develop the business productivity
(Boyle, and Schmierbach, 2019). It has seen that government has major role at the workplace and
operating the business as it introduces the different types of products and services by following
the guidelines that supports to develop organizational performance. This could be associated
with number of rules and functions that can help to filled managerial functions by providing right
directions to individuals.
Strategic management is the main functions for each organization as it bring new changes
and innovation at the workplace which can help to develop the organizational productivity. This
is important for each organization to have good resources and capital that can be used to
introduce the new products and services for the purpose of influence the number of employees
and attain higher profits. The managers is having different skills and abilities which can be uses
to develop the organizational performance. This refers to planning, organising, directing, and
controlling the organizational functions which can be used to accomplish the business goals. This
mainly used in identifying the direction, management, and use of available resources which can
help to develop the business productivity. Corporate governance is a set of rules, processes, and
practises that a company uses to direct and regulate its operations ( Nielsen, Eden, and Verbeke,
2020). It is critical for each corporate organisation to understand what its employees want and
how they may be fulfilled so that the appropriate products and services are provided and higher
performance is maintained. To understand about corporate governance Marks& Spencer has
been selected that is large size British retailer selling different types of products and services to
their customers at retail prices in order to increase the business productivity. The company
operates its business in changing environment by bringing new technology and services which

supports to accomplish the business goals. The report covers aims and objectives, problem
statement, literature review, and research methodology which used to develop the business
performance.
Research problem
The research problem within the research is that there are several dangers seen within the
organisation, all of which have a direct relationship with organisational functions. The research
problem means issues which arise while working and studying the topic properly. This is
analysed to show how, with the support of corporate governance practises, business processes
can be governed while minimising business implications. Furthermore, when suitable corporate
governance procedures are not followed within the organisation, detrimental effects on
operations might be noticed. The current research is about corporate governance which is used to
formulate the rules and regulations and for the purpose of growing their business and attaining
higher productivity. The major problem of current research is lack of resources and time which
has been created the challenge for running their business effectively. If there is lack of resources
and time management then could be challenging to regulate the business. The government is
having major role as it analysis the business structure and give permission to operate their
business effectively (da Silva Frost, and Ledgerwood, 2020). The managers requires to have
proper understanding and knowledge which are used to resolve the business problems and
attaining higher performance.
Research aim and objectives
Research aim
To analyse the significance of corporate governance practices in maximising
organisational profitability and productivity. A study on Marks and Spencer.
Research objectives
 To examine various corporate governance practices employed by an entity for managing
strategic business plans.
 To investigate the challenges faced by Marks & Spencer due to ineffective corporate
governance practices.

 To discern the role of corporate governance practices and strategies in enhancing
organisational profitability. Chapter 2
Research questions
 What are the various corporate governance practices employed by an entity for managing
strategic business plans?
 What are the challenges faced by Marks & Spencer due to ineffective corporate
governance practices?
 What is the role of corporate governance practices and strategies in enhancing
organisational profitability?
About the chosen organisation/ Background
Marks & Spencer is the larger size British multinational retailer with headquarters in
London, England that specialises in selling clothing, home products and food products. This is
important for management to understand what is happening around and how their customers will
be influenced to work where number of services should be introduced by managers to operate the
business regularly. The environment is changing day by day where it became important for
organization to understand the environment and introduce the kind of products which could help
to operate the business regularly. In business environment there are different types of corporate
strategies which are followed by managers to regulate their business and supports to develop the
organizational productivity. The aim of organization is to sustain in competitive environment by
offering better quality of products and services which supports to accomplish business goals. The
aim of business organization is to attain the higher performance by bring new changes in their
existing products and services as it helps to develop the organizational productivity. The
company has performed well even in Covid period where all businesses has affected badly. The
organization has followed the regulations in typical situation and maintained their all
performance systematically. Initially business was started from smaller scale and level then after
it has increased its productivity and sales by managing all functions and activities.
Research Scope
The current research is about corporate governance that are important to follow by
business industry to managing all functions and activities. The scope is wider where number of

people is working collectively in order to accomplish common goals. The organization
understand the needs of their customers and then introduce products by following the
government regulations that has supported to develop business productivity. The current research
will help to develop the business productivity and performance by focusing on regulations and
bringing changes accordingly (Hennink, Hutter, and Bailey, 2020).

Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
A Literature review is the study of particular topic which decided by individual for
collecting data and information. This is important for researcher to analysis the market and bring
new performance by managing the changes and attaining higher performance. The people is
requires to have proper understanding and knowledge regarding specific topic as it develop
understanding properly. The current research report is about corporate governance which uses by
organizations for managing their performance and creating a balance in running their business.
What are the various corporate governance practices employed by an entity for managing
strategic business plans?
According to Smith (2019), Corporate Governance is the involvement business
regulations governed by government for the purpose of bringing products and services in the
market. it became important for each firm to analysis the environment and comes to know what
kind of business requires to set up and how each function needs to perform. Strategic plan is
defined as high leverage organizational strategy which is used by business concern for the
purpose of managing a business and developing the production level. The managers requires to
have proper information and details regarding particular products and services which is
demanding by customers and introduce the kind of services. in relation to Marks and Spencer,
different practices are followed by management that are as followed:
 Build a strong, qualified board of directors and evaluate performance – This could
be explained as main practices which is used by individual and business concern for
building a strong relationship and keep qualified board of directors who supports to
accomplish business goals.
 Define roles and responsibilities – Employees and employees have different roles and
responsibilities which are follows to operate the business. In relation to Marks and
Spencer, management should follow governance policies by defining employer roles
which can help to accomplish the business goals (Tassopoulou, and Berti, 2019).
 Emphasize integrity and ethical dealing – The another practice is integrity and ethical
dealing which needs to be follow while running the business. In relation to Marks &

Spencer, managers build integrity and follows ethical standard which supports to
accomplish the business goals and performance.
 Evaluate performance and make principled compensation decisions – This practice
relates to evaluation of business performance by considering all incomes and expenses
and make principled compensation decisions. In context to Marks & Spencer,
management requires to have understanding and knowledge about performance
evaluation and compensation which are used to develop the business activities and
functions by influencing number of people and offering better quality of products and
services.
 Engage in effective risk management – To start and run a business needs to identify the
risk and problems which might be rise while operation. The Board of Directors is
responsible for strategic leadership in identifying the company's risk tolerance and
developing a risk management framework with defined accountability. It should analyse
the suitability of management's systems and procedures for detecting, assessing,
mitigating, and monitoring risk, as well as the sufficiency of its regular reporting. This is
important for business organization to identify the risk and put efforts to minimise the
risk. In relation to Marks & Spencer, management requires to have clear communication
with employees and customers that can help to manage the risk and supports to develop
organizational productivity.
What are the challenges faced by Marks & Spencer due to ineffective corporate governance
practices?
As per view point of Rosen (2019), Corporate governance is the formulation of policies, and
regulations which are formulated by government for the purpose of bringing changes and
running their business effectively. If there is strict regulations then could be challenging to
operate any kind of business as changes occur while operation and affected the business
negatively. This is important for each organization to analysing the environment and comes to
know what their employees wants how their customers will be satisfied which can help to
develop the organizational performance. Corporate governance is the system of rules, practices,
which are uses to bring changes in existing performance. For each business industry it is
important to follow the government regulations and policies as it supports to manage the all
business related activities and ensure all functions and activities are running effectively.

Lack of business production – Corporate governance is the effective regulation which are
needed to follow as it supports to operate a business by offering better quality of products and
services. In relation to Marks & Spencer, business faced the challenge of lack of production due
to ineffective governance practices. The managers should be follow all regulations which can
help to grow a business continuously.
Ethics Violation – This issue is also faced by business organization due to not following the
corporate governance and violate the ethical standards that create the challenge for organization
to operate their business. To operate any kind of business ethics are needed to follow as it
suggest right way to arranging and managing the business activities. In case of not following the
ethics in their business could be affect the business productivity. In case of Marks & Spencer,
ethics are needed to regulate the business which can help to operate the business regularly. This
could be challenging for business to bring changes by following the ethical standard that affect
business negatively ( Kusumah, 2020).
To be transparent – While operation a company should accurately report their profits and
losses then disclose in front of stakeholders as well as employees that could reduce the
organizational performance and productivity. In a business needs to have privacy as it could help
to bring the higher performance by reporting, and reserving funds. Due to ineffective corporate
office it could be challenging for organization to operate their business. In context to Marks &
Spencer, lack of transparency in their business and report that affect business negatively.
Accountability Issues – While running a business accountability is the major activity which
needs to operate the business regularly. To take accountability is good concern for business
industry as it bring changes and challenges to manage a business. This can help to develop the
organizational productivity. In context Marks & Spencer, accountability issue faced by
management where all activities will be affected negatively.
Lower sales and profitability – This is another challenge faced by organization while
operating a business due to ineffective corporate governance. Or instance, if there is no
regulations and policies then could be challenging for business organization to operate their all
functions and activities. In relation to Marks & Spencer, management faced the challenge of
lower sales and profitability negatively which affect the whole business badly (Jia, Huang, and
Man Zhang, 2019).

Conflicts Issues – Avoiding conflicts of interest is important as it affect the business
negatively. While running a business, there is need to have interest that can be used to operate
the all functions and activities properly. In a business number of people works collectively where
it became important to understand the goals and accomplish commonly. In context to marks &
Spencer, employees belong to other country and state who do not get ready to accept the
challenges which could affect the business negatively.
To discern the role of corporate governance practices and strategies in enhancing
organisational profitability.
As per view point of Al Kilani (2016), Corporate governance is the system of rules,
practices, and policies which are formulated for the purpose of running a business in changing
environment. This is important for each industry to analysis the environment and comes to know
how each functions and activities are going to perform. The organization requires having
understanding on governance practices and policies which should be followed to for the purpose
of growing their business. In relation to Marks & Spencer, role of corporate governance practices
and strategies that are explained below:
Provide incentives for the board and management – This is important for each
organization to understand the environment and bring the changes at market place which can
help to develop business productivity. In relation to Marks & Spencer, management provides
incentives to their employees and other business concern for the purpose of operating their
business effectively. This is important for each organization to analysis the environment and
attaining higher productivity (Flammer, Hong and Minor, 2019).
Introducing new products and services – This is important for organization to
introduce new products and services which can help to develop the organizational productivity.
To bring innovation and new technology could maintain higher performance. In context to Marks
& Spencer, management needs to analysis the marketplace and introducing new products and
services which can develop the business productivity and profitability (Mahanti, 2021).
Attaining higher productivity – The aims of business organization is to bring
innovation and new technology which can help to attain higher performance and productivity. In
context to Marks & Spencer, management understand the needs and wants of their employees
and offer kind of products and services that can help to develop the organizational performance.

The management is having god knowledge and skills which could be used to accomplish
business goals.
Shareholders are sufficiently informed decision – For running a business shareholders
are important as they understand goals and give their contribution to accomplish business goals.
The management of Marks & Spencer, shareholders are needed to increase the investment for
the purpose of expanding their business and attaining higher productivity.
Balancing economic development – Corporate governance is effective for any business
organization as well as country as it helps to operate business and increase contribution in
developing the economic situation. This is important for each organization to understand what
people wants and how they could be satisfied so that run the business by following the
government regulation and maintaining higher productivity. The Marks & Spencer is defined as
larger size organization that run its business by bringing changes and contributing in
development of UK. This ensure people that organizational is doing for welfare of country and
supported to accomplish the business goals.
Increase the sustainability of corporation – Each organization wants to retain or
sustain for longer period in competitive environment as it supports to operate the business and
bring changes in their existing workplace. This is important for each organization to analysis the
environment and maintain good performance. In context to Marks & Spencer, management is
having major role as they understand goals and increase the sustainability by investing in CSR
practices which encouraged the people to make buying decision and increase the productivity
(Abdallah, 2020).
From the above it has been analysed that corporate governance is playing major role
within Marks & Spencer as it used to introduces the new products and services, increasing
sustainability, attaining higher performance and balancing economic development, making
informed decision by shareholders, and providing incentives for board management by managing
all functions and changes effectively. This also supported to develop the organizational
productivity and profitability.
Conclusion
The report has concluded that corporate governance is used to following the rules and
regulations strictly for the purpose of managing all functions and activities. The management

should understand the needs and wants of their customers then offer kind of products as well as
services which can help to accomplish the business goals and productivity.

Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology emphasis on different methods and activities which needs to
be performs well at the workplace and environment. This is important for each organization to
understand what is happening around and how to collect information regarding particular topic
as it supports to accomplish he business goals. In other words, research methodology is the way
used by researcher to solve the research problem systematically. This can help to know how each
function and activity needs to be performed. The current research is about corporate governance
which states government regulations and legislations used by business organization for the
purpose of running their business and maintaining higher performance. The management of
Marks and Spencer make the use of different methods and techniques to collect the information
regarding particular topic. The research methods are defined below:
Research philosophy – This refers to set of beliefs concerning the nature of reality and
managing the business activities by collecting information. This is important for each
organization to understand what are the rules and regulations which are following by
organization to increase the business performance. This involves Positivism and interpretivism
philosophy. Interpretivism philosophy involves collection of information on the basis of
hypothesis. The positivism philosophy is used by researcher to gathering information on the
basis of attaining positive outcomes. In relation to current research interpretivism philosophy is
used by researcher to gather information regarding corporate governance that can help to develop
the business functions and activities effectively. The current report supports to know how
corporate governance is used by companies to manage their functions and activities with UK and
outside the country. This can help to reach the targeted customers and supports to increase the
productivity (Singh, 2019).
Research approach – The research approach is used to offer information about the data
collection procedure and subsequent analysis. As a result, data is gathered and analysed in the
most efficient and effective manner. The investigation strategy's major goal is to categorise it
based on the approach, which involves a variety of assumptions about data gathering,
interpretation, and assessment techniques. In the current study, there are several research
methodologies that might be used. There are primarily two types of research approaches that a

researcher can use: the deductive approach and the inductive approach. An inductive approach is
a method of analysing qualitative data that is directed by predefined assessment goals. This
results in broad generalisations based on individual findings. It is vital to employ a deductive
strategy when performing deductive research. This technique can be described using hypothesis
terminology derived from theoretical statements. This is the one that people are most concerned
about in terms of scientific research. In current research, the deductive approach is used to
acquire hypothesis data that can aid to develop business performance and productivity. (Cazeri
and et. al., 2018).
Research Strategy – It is defined as the entire data collection process. A research
strategy is a step-by-step plan of action that guides an investigator's efforts and thoughts so that
they can conduct an investigation methodically. This project is on schedule to offer high-quality
findings and detailed reporting. While managing a business and doing something formulation of
planning is needed as it bring Determining methodology is linked to selecting techniques to solve
research questions, fulfil research aims, and assist. Experiential research, survey, interviews, and
other related procedures are examples of research tactics that can be employed in the course of a
research project. All of them are highly efficient approaches for creating a proper survey using
the stated strategies. They will also aid in the timely collecting of a dependable and valid form.
Without planning and following the principles it became difficult for organization to operate
their business and maintain higher performance. The research will come to know which
principles are effective to influence the number of people and managing all performance
effectively (Davies, 2016).
Choices of methods – This could be explained as methods and strategy which could be
used by researcher to complete their study. The person is requires to have proper understanding
and knowledge by introducing new performance and regulations in running their business. If an
individual is having good knowledge and skills then it will be opportunity to grow a business.
This involves mono, mixed, and multi method of research. The mono method is used to conduct
research by considering single method either qualitative and quantitative, mixed is related to
using all methods which are available to operate business. Moreover, use of multi method is
related to attaining and applying qualitative and quantitative method in their research area which
provides the details in relation to topic. Mono method is used by researcher in relation to current

research as it will help to collect practical and chart showcasing data ( Gómez-Betancourt and et.
al., 2016).
Time Horizon – A Time horizon is defined as investing timeline that states how long an
individual plan to hold their assets and increase performance. This is important for each
individual to analysis the market and comes to know how each function will be perform in
specific manner. The types of horizon are cross sectional and longitudinal. The use of cross
sectional is possible when smaller section of task needs to be complete in short period. And
longitudial is used to collect data on longer basis. The current research is about corporate
governance is used to managing all functions effectively. The report will help to develop the
understanding and knowledge about rules and regulations which are formulated by management
and government for the purpose of running their business (Hossain and et. al., 2016).
Data Analysis and collection – The collection of information about particular topic is
known as data which is needed for each individual to bring changes in their existing
performance. This is important for researcher to analysis the all information by using right
technique and strategy which can help to develop the business productivity. Data collection and
analysis tools are defined as series of charts, diagrams, and map which are used to interpret the
data and bringing higher performance. This is important for each individual to bring new data by
collecting right information. In other words, data collection is the practice of working with data
and use it to make informed decision. The requires to have proper knowledge and skills to
conduct the research and bringing information properly. The technique of data collection
qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data is used to collect theoretical knowledge
regarding particular topic as it bring bunch of information and managing all activities effectively.
The quantitative data is used by researcher to collect practical knowledge and functions by
completing the research topic and managing higher performance. This is important for each
individual to understand the requirement and collect data accordingly which can help to attaining
higher performance (Madureira Lima, and Galea, 2018).
The sources of data collection are two types primary and secondary which are uses to
managing all functions and activities effectively. The use of primary source is possible when
data is collected from first hand sources such as interview, questionnaire, experiment, and survey
method. The secondary source is used to conduct research on the basis of secondary data such as
article, books and journal, and google that can be used to managing all functions. In relation to

current research, primary source is being used by researcher that can help to collect the data
properly and systematically. This also helps to bring changes in existing performance and
accomplish the business goals. The current research will help to managing and following the
corporate government regulations which are important to manage all functions and data properly.
Sampling - This could be explained as technique which used by researcher to select
people from large population (Opoku, Ahmed, and Akotia, 2016). The technique of sampling is
probability and non-probability. In relation to current research probability method has been used
by researcher where number of selected people are 30.

Chapter 4
Results and Finding
QUESTIONNAIRE
Q1) What is your gender? Frequency
a) Male 16
b) Female 14
Q2) What is corporate governance? Frequency
a) It is the system by which company are directed and controlled. 10
b) The board of directors are responsible for the governance of their
company.
10
c) It is rules and regulations which are formulated by government. 10
Q3) What are the basic practices of corporate governance used by Marks &
Spencer to run their business?
Frequency
a) Build a strong, qualified board of directors and evaluate performance 5
b) Define roles and responsibilities 4
c) Emphasize integrity and ethical dealing 7
d) Engage in effective risk management 7
e) Evaluate performance and make principled compensation decisions 7
Q4) Is corporate governance is important for Marks & Spencer in running
their business?
Frequency
a) Yes 25
b) No 5
Q5) What challenges are faced by Marks & Spencer due to ineffective
corporate governance practices?
Frequency
a) Lack of business production 7

b) Ethics Violation 5
c) To be transparent 6
d) Lower sales and profitability 8
e) Conflicts Issues 4
Q6) Is corporate governance is beneficial for Marks & Spencer to run their
business?
Frequency
a) Yes 27
b) No 3
Q7) What are the role of corporate governance practices and strategies in
enhancing organisational profitability?
Frequency
a) Provide incentives for the board and management 6
b) Introducing new products and services 6
c) Attaining higher productivity 6
d) Shareholders are sufficiently informed decision 6
e) Balancing economic development 6
f) Increase the sustainability of corporation 6
Q8) How corporate governance is effective for Marks & Spencer? Frequency
a) More effective 24
b) More ineffective 2
c) Less effective 3
d) Effective 1
Interpretation
Q1) What is your gender? Frequency

a) Male 16
b) Female 14
Interpretation – As per 16 people are male who works in Marks & Spencer to work
collectively and following regulation. Moreover, 15 people were male who helped to collect
information (Wardhana, 2018).
Q2) What is corporate governance? Frequency
a) It is the system by which company are directed and controlled. 10
b) The board of directors are responsible for the governance of their
company.
10
c) It is rules and regulations which are formulated by government. 10
16
14

Interpretation – As per 30 people who are diversified in group of 10-10 explained the
meaning of corporate governance which is system by which company are directed and
controlled, board of directors are responsible for the governance of their company, and rules and
regulations which are formulated by government for arranging and managing the business
activities (Submitter, Tonay, and Sutrisno, 2020).
Q3) What are the basic practices of corporate governance used by Marks &
Spencer to run their business?
Frequency
a) Build a strong, qualified board of directors and evaluate performance 5
b) Define roles and responsibilities 4
c) Emphasize integrity and ethical dealing 7
d) Engage in effective risk management 7
e) Evaluate performance and make principled compensation decisions 7
10
10
10

Interpretation – As per 7 people emphasize integrity and ethical dealing, as per 5 build a
strong, qualified board of directors and evaluate performance, as per 7 engage in effective risk
management, as per 4 define roles and responsibilities, and as per another 7 evaluate
performance and make principled compensation decisions that can help to manage all function
and activities (Almagtome, Khaghaany, and Önce, 2020).
Q4) Is corporate governance is important for Marks & Spencer in running
their business?
Frequency
a) Yes 25
b) No 5
5
4
7
7
7

Interpretation – The analysis stated that as per 25 people corporate governance is
important for Marks & Spencer which could be used to influence the number of people and bring
higher performance. As per 5 people it is not important (Clementino, and Perkins, 2021).
Q5) What challenges are faced by Marks & Spencer due to ineffective
corporate governance practices?
Frequency
a) Lack of business production 7
b) Ethics Violation 5
c) To be transparent 6
d) Lower sales and profitability 8
e) Conflicts Issues 4
25
5

Interpretation – From the above analysis it has interpreted that as per 8 people challenge
of lower sales and profitability, 7 says, lack of business production, 6 says to be transparent, 5
tells ethics violation, and remaining 4 said conflict issues are the challenges faced by Marks 7
Spencer while running their business and it affected the productivity (Li, H., Terjesen, and
Umans, 2020).
Q6) Is corporate governance is beneficial for Marks & Spencer to run their
business?
Frequency
a) Yes 27
b) No 3
7
5
6
8
4

Interpretation – From the above discussion it has interpreted that as per 27 people
corporate governance practices and strategies are beneficial for Marks & Spencer that can help to
operate the business regularly and increase the performance. On the other side, as per 3 people it
is not beneficial (Solomon, 2020).
Q7) What are the role of corporate governance practices and strategies in
enhancing organisational profitability?
Frequency
a) Provide incentives for the board and management 6
b) Introducing new products and services 6
c) Attaining higher productivity 6
d) Shareholders are sufficiently informed decision 6
e) Balancing economic development 6
f) Increase the sustainability of corporation 6
Interpretation – from the above it has been interpreted that there are total 30 people who
have been selected for the purpose of getting information. According to 30 people who are
divided equally in group of 6-6 said role of corporate governance involves Increase the
27
3

sustainability of corporation, Balancing economic development, Shareholders are sufficiently
informed decision (Tibiletti, Marchini, Furlotti, and Medioli, 2021).
Q8) How corporate governance is effective for Marks & Spencer? Frequency
a) More effective 24
b) More ineffective 2
c) Less effective 3
d) Effective 1
6
6
6 6
6
6

Interpretation – From the above it has been interpreted that as per 24 people within
Marks 7 Spencer said corporate governance is more effective for business organization as it get
ready to work systematically. As per 3 less effective, as per 2 more ineffective, and remaining
for 1 it is effective that supports to operate the business systematically (Schrobback, and Meath,
2020).
24
2
3
1

Chapter 5
Recommendations
It has recommended to researcher to conduct research by considering all aspects and
topic which can be used to collect data and information. This is important for each individual and
business oncer to analysis the environment and marketplace where government has declared
some regulations in order to operate their business. The researcher is having major role as it
research the market place and comes to know different ways which can be used to develop the
business productivity. The Marks & Spencer is the larger size retailer that sales rang of products
and services to its customers. The organization should be focused over corporate principle and
practices which are followed to operate the business regularly and maintain higher performance.
This is important for each organization to understand what is happening around then different
legislations are formulated by government for the purpose of growing a business continuously
(Van Greuning, and Bratanovic, 2020).
Action Plan
The researcher has applied effective corporate practices and principles of corporate
governance that supported to manage the business activities. Marks & Spencer has improved its
sales by using digital technology and following government guidelines that supported to
introduce the new products and services in changing environment and helps to accomplish the
business goals. The use of primary data became helpful for researcher to receive data on the
basis of preparing questionnaire and getting different response (Makhkamova, and et.al., 2020).
Conclusion
From the report it can be concluded that corporate governance is involvement of rules
and regulation which are formulate by government in order to smooth business operation. To
conduct the research there is need to follow the effective research methodology and practices
which are important to develop the business productivity. In relation to current research,
positivism philosophy is used by researcher and deductive approach is helpful that can help to
develop the performance and manage higher performance.

REFERENCES
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Davies, A., 2016. The globalisation of corporate governance: The challenge of clashing
cultures. Routledge.
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APPENDIX
Q1) What is your gender? Frequency
a) Male 16
b) Female 14
Q2) What is corporate governance? Frequency
a) It is the system by which company are directed and controlled. 10
b) The board of directors are responsible for the governance of their
company.
10
c) It is rules and regulations which are formulated by government. 10
Q3) What are the basic practices of corporate governance used by Marks &
Spencer to run their business?
Frequency
a) Build a strong, qualified board of directors and evaluate performance 5
b) Define roles and responsibilities 4
c) Emphasize integrity and ethical dealing 7
d) Engage in effective risk management 7
e) Evaluate performance and make principled compensation decisions 7
Q4) Is corporate governance is important for Marks & Spencer in running
their business?
Frequency
a) Yes 25
b) No 5
Q5) What challenges are faced by Marks & Spencer due to ineffective
corporate governance practices?
Frequency
a) Lack of business production 7
b) Ethics Violation 5

c) To be transparent 6
d) Lower sales and profitability 8
e) Conflicts Issues 4
Q6) Is corporate governance is beneficial for Marks & Spencer to run their
business?
Frequency
a) Yes 27
b) No 3
Q7) What are the role of corporate governance practices and strategies in
enhancing organisational profitability?
Frequency
a) Provide incentives for the board and management 6
b) Introducing new products and services 6
c) Attaining higher productivity 6
d) Shareholders are sufficiently informed decision 6
e) Balancing economic development 6
f) Increase the sustainability of corporation 6
Q8) How corporate governance is effective for Marks & Spencer? Frequency
a) More effective 24
b) More ineffective 2
c) Less effective 3
d) Effective 1