Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism Sector of Nepal

This report analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector of Nepal, including the challenges faced by Nepalese tourism sectors, government initiatives, and strategies to overcome the challenges. It also includes a literature review and research design.

SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT

Table of Contents
TITLE..............................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Aim- ............................................................................................................................................3
Objectives- ..................................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND & CONTEXT......................................................................................................3
Rationale......................................................................................................................................4
Significance..................................................................................................................................4
Scope............................................................................................................................................4
Research questions.......................................................................................................................4
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................4
Theme- 1......................................................................................................................................4
Theme- 2 .....................................................................................................................................5
Theme- 3......................................................................................................................................6
RESEARCH DESIGN.....................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

TITLE
To identify the impact of covid -19 on tourism sector of Nepal.
INTRODUCTION
COVID-19 used to have great impact on the tourism sector in Nepal and this has great
impact on the profitability of this sector. The tourism sector must focus on the better availability
of the resources that helps them to have better profits in the country. The current report is based
on the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector of Nepal. By this research it will help to
identify the valid reason that used to have great impact in the profits of the company. This report
will outline the aims and objective of the topic that helps the researcher to accomplish the better
study. Further this report will provide Literature review on the Different themes that are related
to the topic and objectives of the research study. Moreover, this report will also put focus on the
research design that will include the different tools and techniques in order to conduct the valid
research. This will include the approaches, different tools, details of samples, ethical
considerations, etc.
Aim-
The main aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting the tourism industry in
Nepal during covid-19.
Objectives-
 To identify the ways through which various tourism sector has affected due to pandemic
within Nepal.
 To evaluate the the problem faced by Nepalese tourism sectors during COVID.
 To assess the government initiative for removing impact of covid-19 on tourism sector.
 To recommend the strategies for overcome the challenges faced by tourism sector.
BACKGROUND & CONTEXT
Tourism is one of the largest industries of Nepal, revenue generated by tourism sector in
the years 2018 are about 7.9% of country's gross domestic product which are help for supporting
more than 1.05 million jobs in order to expect for 2029. Nepal is hot spot destination which help
to attract large number of tourist for hot climbers, people seeking adventures. Also, tourism
sector is wide sector such as transportation, food and beverage, accommodation, entertainment
and recreation and travel sector (Ulak, 2020). Tourism help for boost the revenue of economy
which help to create thousands of jobs as well as it help for developing infrastructures of country

and number of jobs are created for tourism in different areas. Then, scope of tourism is to
analyse the economic growth and development of a nation.
Rationale
Tourism sector is one of the popular and largest sector in order to contribute effectively
which help economy to generate revenue. It is being carried out that rationale behind choosing
the topic is to identify the impact of covid-19 on tourism sector. Also, with the help of research it
helps for identify the challenges faced by tourism sector. It is being carry out organizational
operation and impact of covid-19 in tourism sector. Also, evaluating the initiative taken by
government for improving the situation of company.
Significance
The significance of study is to research about the tourism sector of Nepal. Also, present
study will help the other scholars in order to get the information related to developing the
knowledge and then buildings the critical thinkings which is necessary for enhance the study.
Further, there is the gap in the past research related to covid 19 pandemic as well as it help for
providing authentic information to other scholar and those who are belongs to tourism sector.
The main purpose of the research is to find out the impact of covid which is one of the main
reason of covid-19 that affect the tourism sector of Nepal. With the help of present research it
help for identifying the economic situation and income source of Nepal (Kokate, 2020).
Scope
The research would be helpful for other range of stakeholder in order to incentivise the
organization for perceive the informations regarding covid-19 so that scholar will analyse the
information related to tourism on the basis of different types of evidence.
Research questions
 What were the problem faced by Nepalese tourism sectors during COVID?
 How did it affect the campaign “Visit Nepal 2020”?
LITERATURE REVIEW
Theme- 1
Identify the ways through which various tourism sector has affected due to pandemic
within Nepal.

According to Sah, Roy and Dhama, 2020 the Covid 19 is one of the economic and social
disruption that can be caused by pandemic and can be devastating million of people at risk by
falling into extreme poverty. Almost all the resources are affected by pandemic as well as it
impact by largely disruptive in order to economic activity by loss on human activity. There are
almost all the sector which are affected by pandemic in which tourism are impacted widely by
considering various activities. At that time whole world has faced the problem by increased the
demand of domestic and exports which are sharply plummeted with expectation.
Similarly, Panthhe and Kokate (2021) said that covid-19 virus are spread between people
so that tourism activities were banned by government due to imposed lock-down at that time.
Also, in context to tourism it has been analysed that it impact on travel and tourism globally also
it causes the industry a loss also domestic visitors are spend mores than 45% while international
visitor spends decreased by 69.4 % as compared to 2019. In order to maintain the social
distancing it was necessary to focus more on effective precautions by prevent from spreading
covid-19 as well as it is necessary to maintain the social distancing. During the covid-19 crises
author has provided the information that align the efforts of sustaining livelihoods that depend on
tourism as well as there are large number of people who are only depend on the tourisms such as
local vendor, people who are belongs to tourism sector.
In context to Nepal Kunwar (2021) said that there are more than 70% of economy are
depended on tourism which is very badly impacted by pandemic. Also, in order to consider
different sector it can be said that due to government restricted people were not to choose to
travel due to health protocol.
Theme- 2
Evaluate the problem faced by Nepalese tourism sectors during COVID.
According Shivakoti, (2021) to there are different types of problems faced by Nepalese
tourism sector during covid-19, it causes the pause of tourism mobility which are faced problem
in other sector also such as transportation, shuttered borders and then stay at home as well as it
can be impacted by Nepal's tourism mobility for month as well as others are suffering due to
different problem of not able to travel internationally. Nepal is rich in culture and heritage by
which it can attract large number of people who were suffered due to human psychological and
global impact which are need to unfold.

As per author point of view the because outbreak of covid-19 pandemic which can be
bought uncertainty and spillover impact on the basis of global tourism issue as well as Nepalese
are suffered by low employment because there are large number of people who were depended
on travel industry by selling the handicraft item to local vendor so that they can earn their living.
By considering the other aspect it has been analysed that government has also cancelled the
campaign '' visit Nepal year 2020, that is aimed for bringing more than 2 million tourists in
Nepal. There were more than 30 international airlines flying to Nepal and 20 domestic airlines
can be registered for trekking agencies. According Ulak (2020) in context to wholesale and
retail sector it has been analysed that there are major impact faced by people of Nepal because
they can not import any item from China which impact local people to not buy the regular item.
It created economic uncertainty among all. The unemployment issue can be drawn by that kind
of activities as well as it can face by them by not able to sell the historical values as well at that
time crime rate were increases due to relationship with the other aspect such as criminologists
and surveyors in the past time.
Theme- 3
Assess the government initiative for removing impact of covid-19 on tourism sector.
According to Khanal (2020) in Nepal there are large number of population are depend on
tourism and dues to pandemic they were faced the problems related to nots earn sufficient as well
as it has been analysed that government had taken the initiative which are related to increase the
opportunity for other the Nepalese for increasing the rate of return then government has started
promoting tourism effectively which help for attracting large number of people. By considering
the labour-intensive sector it helps for directing contributing on the basis of labour-intensive
sector which help for correctly contributing 6.90% of employment on average also they are
leading source in order to provide opportunity to student and others increase their business in
tourism sector by sell effectively and represent the event in which attract tourism that shows
cultural and heritage of that place.
It has been critically analysed that due to pandemics this is the highly impact on short and
medium term for the tourist destination and them impacted by other factor such as employment
rate and other scenario by which incomes not generated by economy KHADKA, CUI and
BHUJU, 2020. On the other hand, it can be said that there are other impact which are related
taking the initiative by government such as revenue pooling structure for hotel by operating asset

and others operators which help for managing by SME's and then variable cost and then loss by
moving forward.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design or methodology is referred as the set of tools and techniques that is used
by the researchers that helps them to conduct the best research in the market. This also helps to
have more comprehensive research and have focus towards the accurate results rather than get
the inaccurate results. As there are different type of research design that helps the researcher to
have the best research on the particular topic (Dannels, 2018). This is considered as the best
framework in order to have research methods, tools and techniques that is chosen by the
researcher in order to conduct the valid study. There are different types of tools and techniques
used in the current research is as described below:
Research type: The research type used to entail the collection, analysing and
interpretating the data that helps the researcher to have achievements of the objectives that they
have made. In order to have the best research the researcher used to have two type of
classification that is qualitative and quantitative (Sovacool, Axsen and Sorrell, 2018). The
quantitative method involves the collection of data in numerical form while on the other hand
qualitative method involves the assumptions related to theoretical aspects. In the current study
qualitative research approach has been used that helps to know about the tourism sector affected
by the pandemic in Nepal. By having the qualitative research this will help the researcher to have
the knowledge about the theoretical aspects related to tourism sector in Nepal.
Research Philosophy: The research philosophy is used to act as the base of the overall
research that helps the researcher to have proper plan and development of the things. There are
basically two types of philosophies that is interpretivism and interpretivism. In the interpretivism
philosophy it is related with the qualitative research in which the theoretical assumptions taken.
This helps the researcher to draw the valid conclusions related to the qualitative aspects. On the
other hand the positivism philosophy refers to the data that is based on the quantitative research
which includes the numerical data. This supports the researcher to have the collection of
numerical data to conclude the facts. In the current study the interpretivism philosophy is
involved as this helps the research to have valid conclusion related to qualitative research on the
impact of COVID-19 on tourism sector. By using this philosophy it will have better support to
the researcher to draw the best conclusions.

Data collection: The data collection in the research study is can be done in two ways that
is primary method or secondary method. In the primary method the data is collected by the
researcher by conducting their own research and not the data published by any publisher
(Sileyew, 2019). The data can be collected by using the questionnaire method, observation,
survey method so that there can be collection of different facts and answers to have valid study.
On the other hand in the secondary method the data is collected by the already published things
that basically includes the books from libraries, newspapers, articles, etc. In the current study
both the method are used in order to have the valid research on the stated topic. The researcher
can used the questionnaire method in order to have the primary research and collect the data
from literature review to have the proper collection of secondary data. This helps the researcher
to know about the impact of pandemic on the tourism sector of Nepal.
Sampling: In this tool there are basically two types of methods in order to have the
sample collection. These are probability sampling method and non-probability sampling method.
In the probability sampling the respondents are basically selected on the random basis as there is
no any fixed criteria set in order to collect the best data for the given topic. On the other side,
non-probability sampling includes the sampling in which the selected respondents are taken in
order to have exact study on the impact of pandemic in Nepal on tourisms sector. In the current
research the non-probability sampling method is used that helps the researcher to have valid and
accurate study on the impact covid on tourism sector. This is considered as the best method as
the respondents are selected by the researcher which helps them to get the proper answer asked
by them in the questionnaire.
Ethical consideration: This basically involves the compliances that must be followed by
the researcher to have the accurate study. In the current research based on the impact on tourism
sector in Nepal by the happening of COVID, the researcher must comply and ensure with
compliances. The researcher must endure by making the ethical consideration by making the
respondents to sign that the information taken from them is not forcefully taken (Asenahabi,
2019). By having the consent form this will help the researcher to have proper compliance of the
things in order to collect the better data. Furthermore, the Heracles themselves make the
declaration form in which they must declare that the answers they given and the information they
provided is given by their consent. As there is not any external force have been taken in order to
answer the questionnaire and the information provided.

Validity and reliability: This both terms are considered as the important as this helps to
know about the accuracy of the data. The concept of validity and reliability is tested by using
valid sources from which the data can be collected to make the current research more reliable.
This makes the researcher to know that there is no any misleading information has been used in
order to accumulate and have better validity of the collected data in from the market (Hwang and
Fu, 2019). The validity can also be ascertained by using the references as by which they can
show that the data is taken from the past 5 years only which makes the data more reliable and
accurate. The facts and figures used in the study of the topic must be relevant to the topic and
must also be authorized so that not confusion should be there in order to have valid and reliable
study.
In order to have better analysis of the data the references from the module will be taken.
This will make the researcher to have better collection of the data related to great impact on the
tourism sector of Nepal by the happening of pandemic (Andrade, 2018). By using the appropriate
academic literature that is literature review on the stated topic makes the researcher to have great
study on the topic. The literature review is supported by using the references of the different
authors that helps them to provide the better information related to such topic.
The researcher has faced some problems while conducting the research as the
respondents were not answering in the better way. This topic was somehow complex as this was
based on the whole country tourism sector. This has affected the study of the researcher and have
negative impact on the collection of data. The researcher has some limitations as on the ethical
forms the respondents were not agreeing which makes them difficult to conduct the valid
research.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded that present study based on the impact of covid-19 on tourism
sector of Nepal, tourism sector is one of the biggest sector of economy which help for generating
income as well as employment opportunity for local people. There are more than 320 million
jobs worldwide in order to grow the section effectively. Also, there are other impacts were seen
in order to more focus on other sector. Further, in the study it can be said that there are
qualitative method for collection of data which help for analysing the data effectively in context
to analysis the situation of pandemic in tourism sector. Then, on the basis of literature review it
has been analysed that there are different opinion of authors in the similar way as well as

contradicted way so that it help for improving the knowledge related to deep understanding.
Also, literature review has distributed into themes which help for segregate the information
accordingly. In addition to this, it has been analysed that there are different type of factors are
which are affected Nepalese during covid-19 and present study will help for collecting the data
effectively.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Andrade, C., 2018. Internal, external, and ecological validity in research design, conduct, and
evaluation. Indian journal of psychological medicine. 40(5). pp.498-499.
Asenahabi, B. M., 2019. Basics of research design: A guide to selecting appropriate research
design. International Journal of Contemporary Applied Researches, 6(5), pp.76-89.
Dannels, S. A., 2018. Research design. In The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the
social sciences (pp. 402-416). Routledge.
Hwang, G. J. and Fu, Q. K., 2019. Trends in the research design and application of mobile
language learning: A review of 2007–2016 publications in selected SSCI
journals. Interactive Learning Environments. 27(4). pp.567-581.
KHADKA, D., CUI, D. and BHUJU, D.R., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry
in Nepal. Asian Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies, pp.40-48.
Khanal, B.P., 2020. Impact of the COVID-19 in tourism industry in Nepal and policy
recommendation. Journal of Tourism & Adventure, 3(1), pp.76-91.
Kokate, C.N., 2020. A preliminary study of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: A
pandemic leading crisis in tourism industry of Nepal. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality
Education, 10, pp.108-131.
Kunwar, B.B., 2021. The impact of COVID-19 on tourism: A case study of Lumbini,
Nepal. The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 12(1), pp.23-43.
Panthhe, K.P. and Kokate, C.N., 2021. Impact of Covid-19 on Tourism Sector in
Nepal. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, 9(1).
Sah, R., Roy, N. and Dhama, K., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on tourism in Nepal. Journal of
Travel Medicine, 27(6), p.taaa105.
Shivakoti, A., 2021. Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism in Nepal. The Gaze: Journal of Tourism
and Hospitality, 12(1), pp.1-22.
Sileyew, K. J., 2019. Research design and methodology (pp. 1-12). Rijeka: IntechOpen.
Sovacool, B. K., Axsen, J. and Sorrell, S., 2018. Promoting novelty, rigor, and style in energy
social science: Towards codes of practice for appropriate methods and research
design. Energy Research & Social Science. 45.pp.12-42.
Ulak, N., 2020. COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on tourism industry in Nepal. Journal of
Tourism & Adventure, 3(1), pp.50-75.