CPS 5951-02 Advanced Software Engineering Fall 20192 What do the authors want to achieve in the paper? The authors wanted to analyze how the growing challenges of Artificial Intelligence software development approach can be managed. To achieve this objective, the authors chose to interview Microsoft employees. The choice of the study considered the fact that Microsoft software development has more customer-focused AI features than any other company. According to the authors, the company had integrated agile software methodology which has AI- specific workflow informed by the past AI and data science applications (Amershi et al., 2019). In order to get the answer to this question, Microsoft employees were interviewed on how they have managed to overcome the challenges of AI software development as well as the integral issues in the development of AI applications. From their analysis, they discovered three essential differences exhibited in the application building process and other platforms for training machine learning models they had not witnessed before. First, they discovered that machine learning was all about data. Secondly, they discovered that building softwares for extensibility and customizability required the development teams to not only have software engineering skills but also a deep knowledge on machine learning (Amershi et al., 2019). About literature review- are they related to the objective presented in this paper? Please explain it. A literature review is the evaluation of the literature sources in a chosen or given topic area. The literature review documents the arguments of other sources in respect to the chosen topic or subject matter. Basically it has four objectives which include surveying the literature on the chosen topic, synthesizing the information contained in those sources, critically analyzing the information gathered while identifying the knowledge gap and then presenting the facts in an
CPS 5951-02 Advanced Software Engineering Fall 20193 organized manner (Hart, 2018). A literature review shows the learners that the author has in- depth knowledge on the subject matter and that they understand where the research fits. Based on this description of a literature review, it is clear that the study chosen did not have a literature. This is among the weaknesses of this study because it shows that the authors did not survey prior sources about their topic. Any new idea proposed in this paper? If yes, what is it? The paper has proposed some set of best practices which can be used to build applications and other platforms which rely on machine learning. Also, it has proposed a customized machine-learning process model which can be used to assess the progress of the software development teams to ensure that they come up with excellent AI applications. According to the authors, the process maturity metric helps the development team to identify how far they have gone in the journey of building an AI application. Is there any theory, proof, inference, or deduction made in this paper? Theories, proofs and inferences are very important in research studies because the assumptions made in them enable readers to evaluate their discussions explicitly. Also, they connect researchers to the existing knowledge and give them the basis for their hypothesis and the choice of research methods (Siebenkäs & Stelzer, 2018). Consequently, articulating theory assumptions in a research study enables the researchers to address the questions “why” and “how” as well as identifying the limits to different generalizations. The study did not have any theories, inferences or proofs. This is another weakness of this study because it could not connect researchers to the existing knowledge. What is good and what is bad for this paper?
CPS 5951-02 Advanced Software Engineering Fall 20194 It is good that this paper has used a mixed-method approach of data collection which is among the best approaches in data collection. Mixed methods approach is a data collection approach that involves the collection, analysis and integration of both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. As observed in the paper, surveys and interviews were used in the collection of data (Morse, 2016). Surveys are grouped under the quantitative data collection methods whereas interviews are grouped under the qualitative approach to data collection. Mixing both qualitative and quantitative approaches in this study enabled the researchers to gain depth and breadth of understanding and support while equipoising the weaknesses which are inherent when each approach is used independently (Palinkas et al., 2015). The main advantage of using a mixed method approach in research is the possibility of triangulation to examine a single phenomenon. Triangulation enables researchers to identify a single aspect of a phenomenon more accurately because it is approached from different points of view. It is bad that this paper could neglect a very important chapter of a research paper like literature review. As a result, the paper has ended up lacking support documents and arguments which could have supported its topic and subject matter. Also, it did not consider any theories, proofs and inferences which could have enabled the authors to evaluate their arguments explicitly (Siebenkäs & Stelzer, 2018). If you find something good, how can you apply it? I would apply mixed-method approach of data collection in my future research studies. Mixed methods approach is a data collection approach that involves the collection, analysis and integration of both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. This is because mixing both quantitative and qualitative approaches will enable me to gain depth and breadth of
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CPS 5951-02 Advanced Software Engineering Fall 20195 understanding and support while equipoising the weaknesses which are inherent when each approach is used independently (Palinkas et al., 2015). Can you find any defect in this paper? If you find any defects, do you have any resolution? Neglecting some of the crucial research paper chapters is the main defect of this paper which has seen the paper lack support documents and arguments which could have supported the topic and subject matter. To avoid this defect, I would suggest the future authors to list down the key sub-sections of a research paper as a guide before embarking on it. What did the author summarize in this article, do you agree? In summary, the paper has mentioned that Microsoft has made significant efforts to develop extensive portfolio of AI platforms through the integration of machine learning into the existing development processes and cultivating on the growing ML talent. I totally agree with this summary considering the trends reported in the company as far as machine learning and AI is concerned. Have you found any other references to talk about the same topic? Yes, I have come across another reference talking about machine learning in software engineering (Di Stefano & Menzies, 2002) Di Stefano, J. S., & Menzies, T. (2002, November). Machine learning for software engineering: Case studies in software reuse. In14th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, 2002.(ICTAI 2002). Proceedings.(pp. 246-251). IEEE. Can you compare them and tell me which paper is better in your opinion? Why?
CPS 5951-02 Advanced Software Engineering Fall 20196 The second paper is better than the original paper because its analysis of this topic is deep rooted. This has made it more clear and explorative than the first paper. Also, it has considered almost all the important subsections of a research paper like the use of theories and literature review unlike the first paper which was very shallow and neglected the two sub-sections of a research paper. References Amershi, S., Begel, A., Bird, C., DeLine, R., Gall, H., Kamar, E., ... & Zimmermann, T. (2019, May). Software engineering for machine learning: a case study. InProceedings of the 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice(pp. 291-300). IEEE Press. Di Stefano, J. S., & Menzies, T. (2002, November). Machine learning for software engineering: Case studies in software reuse. In14th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, 2002.(ICTAI 2002). Proceedings.(pp. 246-251). IEEE. Hart, C. (2018).Doing a literature review: Releasing the research imagination. Sage. Morse, J. M. (2016).Mixed method design: Principles and procedures. Routledge. Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research.Administration and policy in mental health and mental health services research,42(5), 533-544.
CPS 5951-02 Advanced Software Engineering Fall 20197 Siebenkäs, A., & Stelzer, D. (2018, August). Assessing Theories for Research on Personal Data Transparency. InIFIP International Summer School on Privacy and Identity Management(pp. 239-254). Springer, Cham.