Crime Reduction and Community Safety

This document provides an overview of crime reduction and community safety. It covers topics such as how crime is recorded by the police, the Crime Survey for England and Wales as an alternative method of measuring crime, the impact of crime on victims and communities, the main legislation related to crime reduction, and the role of public services in addressing crime and disorder. The document also discusses factors that underpin crime reduction strategies and provides examples of local and national strategies used to tackle crime and disorder.

Crime reduction and
Community safety

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Describe how crime is recorded by the police. .....................................................................3
P2 Explain how the Crime Survey for England and Wales offers an alternative method of
measuring crime..........................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Describe the impact of crime and disorder on victims..........................................................5
P4 Explain the impact of crime and disorder on communities...................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P5 Outline the main legislation that sets out organisations’ responsibilities in crime reduction.
.....................................................................................................................................................6
P6 Explain the role and responsibilities of a range of public services and related agencies in
addressing crime and disorder.....................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P7 Outline the factors that underpin crime reduction strategies.................................................8
P8 Describe a range of local and national strategies used to tackle crime and disorder.............8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERNCES:................................................................................................................................10
Books and Journals:..................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Crime is the illegal activity that perform by a individual or group of person in order to
fulfil their purpose. For their activity government punish the person or group of person in order
to reduce criminal activities (Braga, and et. al., 2019). It is not good for society because it harms
people. It simply a behaviour that violates law and non-acceptable by the community. It is very
important for the community that crime decreases, for that purpose a separate department is
established in order to punish and reduce criminal activities. Every country has different and
department in which they make their laws in order to reduce the criminal activities and punish to
the persons who are responsible for that crime. This report covers method of measuring crime by
crime survey for England and Wales. It also covers the impact of crime on society.
MAIN BODY
TASK
P1 Describe how crime is recorded by the police.
It is identified that the crime recording system of England and Wales is the best system.
The police force of England and Wales is recording the crime because they make ensure that the
victim of crime get all services that they deserved (Wen, Hockenberry and Cummings, 2019).
They record crime because they want to inform government so that they should make policies in
order to reduce the crime activities. According to The Police Act 1996 Section 44 (2 and 3),
police of England and Wales used a process in order to record the crime that are mentioned
below:
 The first step is the police should record and reporting to the incident. That means they
firstly go the incident place where crime is done and take all collect all sources which can
be give the information about crime at that incident. They can be victims, third parties
and witnesses.
 After going at that place they should take an information so that they decide it is the
crime that need to recorded or not. Sometimes it is found that the crime is not need to
record.
 It is the time when police take a decision that they have to record the crime and for that
purpose they need to close incident report (Lawson, Rogerson and Barnacle, 2018). For

that purpose, they need to take additional information so that they can record right and
accurate data for crime.
 Now it is the time when police need to record the crime in which they record the number
of crimes and committed offences.
 After collecting all data and information, they should close crime records by collection of
evidence and identification of suspect.
 They should check the crime records in which they ensure about accuracy of the data or
information that are collected in the process of crime recordings.
All above steps should be performed very well in order to record the right data and
information so that they can find the right person who conduct crime.
P2 Explain how the Crime Survey for England and Wales offers an alternative method of
measuring crime.
It is identified that there are three methods that assist in measuring of crimes. All three
methods are mentioned below:
Official Statistics: It is the most important method which gives a huge quantitative data.
It carries information related to the current crime reports in which they include the number of
crime that recorded by police (Crowl, 2017). They covered all areas such as drug crime, property
crime, sexual crime, physical crime, criminal damage.
Victim Surveys: It is the survey that covers almost all cases which can be found online.
It is the best survey that collects data from the households i.e. from 50000. In this survey the
participants have the right that they can refuse from interview to give answers. It is the
questioned in which they asked for experiences of crime.
Offender Surveys: With the help of this survey they can find the number of offender
which include the number of person who are in prison. This survey is designed so that they can
understanding the attitude and behaviour of offenders (Lim, and Wilcox, 2017). It is identified
that there is the direct relationship between drugs and offending behaviour in the age of 14 and
16. It really becomes very helpful for researchers for the identification of potential risk factors. It
assist in understanding of their nature and prevent from becoming an offender. For example, it is
identified that children are get attracted towards drugs so with the help of treatment programmes
they can reduce their negative side.

TASK 2
P3 Describe the impact of crime and disorder on victims.
Day to day rise in the criminal activities, it gives a great impact on victims. It is identified
that it becomes a very bad and tough situation for families that how they can deal with their
victims (Hunter, May, and Hough, 2017). Due to increasing in criminal activities every person
is suffer from anxiety, anger, fear, depression, etc. it clearly shows in the below figure.
It is identified that different crime has different types of side effects that are mentioned
below:
 Due to the theft, it is found that victims are in the situation of lack of finance and
inconvenient to meet their expenses.
 Crime can not just affect on mental and emotional factors but also it impacts on the
physical health (Herrmann, Maroko, and Taniguchi, 2021). Sometimes due to the
criminal activities victims are suffered from the heavy loss of physical health.
 It affects on psychological behaviour such as fear, depression, anger, insomnia, and Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

 Crimes gives shocks to the victims and for that purpose they are found to be feel anxiety
in public places. They are not ready to move in the public place.
P4 Explain the impact of crime and disorder on communities.
Crime gives a very adverse impact on the society or community that can be understand
with the help of below points:
 Victims always become frightened to every situation in which it includes frightening
outside or inside the home (Bonner, and Stacey, 2021). That means they are not feel any
safety even they have a government and police department.
 Due to the rise in crimes, it is identified that the rates or premiums of home insurance get
rises.
 It is also identified that day to day increase in crimes, it leads to increase the property
prices which becomes difficult for people.
 New businesses are not ready to start their business at that area where crimes were held.
It cannot over at this, it is identified that existing businesses can close due to the loss of
incomes in repeated theft. It is also analysed that it reduce the number of customers in
that area because they are fear from crimes.
 It just not effect the individual person but also it diminishes the image of society as well
as country.
 It is identified that the cost of crime is born by business and because of that their
operations get affected (Lowande, 2021). It reduces their profits margins or they may be
come at loss.
From the above discussion, it is identified that crimes is necessary to stop because they
affect individual as well as community that is not good for developing as well as developed
nation.
TASK 3
P5 Outline the main legislation that sets out organisations’ responsibilities in crime reduction.
Crime reduction refers to the reduction in number of criminal events and reasons of
crimes. It is very important for any country that they should set out legislation in order to reduce
the criminal activities. It is identified that if organisation can follow legislations then they reduce
the activities of crimes. UK government in March, 2004 enacts a act which is Anti-social

Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act which gives the guidelines that how crime can be reduce
with the following number of ways:
 First of all organisation should responsible for society acts because they use natural
resources and it is the social corporate responsibility in which they have to focus on
reduction of crimes. They should tackle with the use of illegal firearms gangs.
 They should try to stop irresponsible dog ownership.
 Reduce the number of forced marriage by awaking them towards the new modern world.
It is very important that they should reduce the risk of sexual harms.
 It is necessary for an organisation that they should focus on launching the new policies
which promotes equality and reduced the number of criminals.
P6 Explain the role and responsibilities of a range of public services and related agencies in
addressing crime and disorder.
It is very important for public services and other related agencies that they should
perform their roles and responsibilities in order to decrease the crime and addressing them
properly (Stacy, 2018). It is very obvious that the crime is addressed by police department but it
is also necessary that very person should take an active part in order to reduce crime in the
society. It is very necessary that they should make their rules and responsibilities so that they can
reduce the reason of crime and their consequences. There are some important rules and
responsibilities that are mentioned below:
 Every person that lives in the community is responsible for the activities that are related
to the crimes. They should take initiatives for removing crimes from the roots of society.
 Police department always get ready for reducing and controlling the crime sessions. They
should ready for uncertainties and non-happenings.
 They just not focus on handle them but also they make policies sand regulations in order
to remove from the society.
 They try to increase the number of police members so that they can proactive and prevent
the criminal activity.

TASK 4
P7 Outline the factors that underpin crime reduction strategies.
It is necessary for reducing the crimes that society and other public services can make
strategies (Fox, Allen, and Toth, 2021). There are many factors which support the crime
reduction strategies. All important factors which underpin crime reduction strategies are
mentioned below:
 First main important factors that support crime reduction strategies is society welfare. It
is necessary every person should become a responsible person so that they can reduce the
crimes. For the welfare of society it is very necessary that they should make crime
reduction strategy.
 Another important factor is peace that is ultimate goals of any person or society. It can be
get with the help of formulate best crime reduction strategies in which they reduce the
criminal activities in order to maintain peace in the society and country.
 It is very important for organisation that they should formulate strategies of crime
reduction so that they can reduce the cost crime which can face by organisations. It is
identified that due to the rise in crimes businesses can bear a loss such as theft of money.
So that's why it is necessary for them that they should make crime reduction strategies.
 Criminal activities affect on individual's behaviour which makes them a bad person so
that's why crime reduction strategies are important to build.
From the above discussion, it is analysed that there are many factors that support to the
formulation of crime reduction strategies. It gives many benefits to the society as well as
individual person.
P8 Describe a range of local and national strategies used to tackle crime and disorder.
It is identifying that there are many strategies that make by government in order to tackle
the crime and disorder. Local and national level strategies are mentioned below:
 For the purpose of dealing with the person who have antisocial behaviour, they create
community triggers that always awakening them that they should not perform any illegal
or unethical activities which is against society.

 They produced organised crime strategy in which they are mentioning all information in
a systematic manner. It is necessary for them that they should be aware about every data
in the society.
 For reducing criminal activities they make a national referral mechanism in which all
other agencies can direct contact at the one place and they can cooperate easily by
tracking them.
 It is necessary that they should use community safety partnerships for dealing with the
day to day issues of antisocial behaviour.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded from the above discussion that every person is able to solve the society
activities as they are the part of the society. Day to day crimes are rising but it should be reduce
and remove for the welfare of society. It can be reduce with the help of following proper rules
and regulations of laws. Police should be take an initiative in order to reduce the complexity of
criminal activities. It is identified that after lock down criminal activities are falling down but
there was an increase in drugs cases because of rising of loneliness. It is important that
organisations' should understand their roles and responsibility in order to reducing the criminal
activities.

REFERNCES:
Books and Journals:
Bonner, H. and Stacey, M., 2021. The effectiveness of increased lighting on crime reduction and
calls for service in a single jurisdiction. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 23(1),
pp.39-55.
Braga, and et.al., 2019. Hot spots policing and crime reduction: an update of an ongoing
systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of experimental criminology, 15(3),
pp.289-311.
Crowl, J.N., 2017. The effect of community policing on fear and crime reduction, police
legitimacy and job satisfaction: an empirical review of the evidence. Police Practice
and Research, 18(5), pp.449-462.
Fox, B., Allen, S.F. and Toth, A., 2021. Evaluating the impact of Project Safe Neighborhoods
(PSN) initiative on violence and gun crime in Tampa: does it work and does it last?.
Journal of Experimental Criminology, pp.1-25.
Herrmann, C.R., Maroko, A.R. and Taniguchi, T.A., 2021. Subway Station Closures and
Robbery Hot Spots in New York City—Understanding Mobility Factors and Crime
Reduction. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, pp.1-18.
Hunter, G., May, T. and Hough, M., 2017. An evaluation of the What Works Centre for Crime
Reduction.
International Association of Chiefs of Police and United States of America, 2020. Community-
Based Crime Reduction Bulletin (March 2020).
Lawson, T., Rogerson, R. and Barnacle, M., 2018. A comparison between the cost effectiveness
of CCTV and improved street lighting as a means of crime reduction. Computers,
Environment and Urban Systems, 68, pp.17-25.
Lim, H. and Wilcox, P., 2017. Crime-reduction effects of open-street CCTV: Conditionality
considerations. Justice Quarterly, 34(4), pp.597-626.
Lowande, K., 2021. Police demilitarization and violent crime. Nature human behaviour, 5(2),
pp.205-211.
Stacy, C.P., 2018. The effect of vacant building demolitions on crime under depopulation.
Journal of Regional Science, 58(1), pp.100-115.
Wen, H., Hockenberry, J.M. and Cummings, J.R., 2017. The effect of Medicaid expansion on
crime reduction: Evidence from HIFA-waiver expansions. Journal of Public
Economics, 154, pp.67-94.