Criminal Law Sociological Theory 2022

RUNNING HEAD: CRIMINAL LAW
Criminal Law

CRIMINAL LAW
Answer 1. In criminology, the concept of rational choices adopts a utilitarian conviction that
people are reasoning actor who weighs means and finishes, experience and advantages to create
a rational choice. Cornish and Clarke intended this technique to help in thinking about the
avoidance of situational crime. Many characteristics of the view of rational choice render it
particularly appropriate to function as a metatheory of criminology with a wide function in
explaining a range of criminal events. Rational theory choice explains many different
components; it is sufficiently wide to be applied to conditions of everyday life as well as crime.
Studies involves interviews with perpetrators on intentions, technique and goal decisions. The
view of rational choice has given a structure under which such data can be organized so that
more overall advantages are produced by individual research (Hirschi, 2017). This theory insists
on the calculation and deliberation of crime. All criminals are rational agents who exercise
deliberate decision-making, working at the same time to gain the highest benefit from their
current position. The reality that many perpetrators make choices relying on bounded rationality
is another element of this theory.
.Answer 2. It is true that crime problems can be addressed by science. Positivists believe that
attempting to deduce or prove world truths from supposed self-evident premises that are not
mainly based on perception of meaning is pointless. Positivists suggest that by adopting various
methods of research, like knowledge of things can be advanced by framing hypothesis for
prevention of crime, can help to solve the problem of crime.
After evaluating, it can be said that problem of science can be addressed through science because
two modern innovations that have enhanced crime prevention are prevention science and
evidence-based policy (Hirschi, 2017). Both are best recognized as frameworks that can be used
across a variety of situations, environment and communities (Smith & Tilley, 2013) Prevention
science has its origins in public health and starts with a prevention engagement based on the
evolutionary epidemiology of particular health or social issues. For instance, in the event of
adolescent violence prevention, prevention research has a given a bridge between an awareness
of the growth of acute violence and how prevention programs can interrupt that growth.
Thus, it can be said that science play an important role in identifying the main causes of crimes,
helps to prevent crimes and to counter these problems.
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CRIMINAL LAW
Answer 3.
Psychological Theory:
Psychological crime theories argue that criminal behavior stems from individual differences in
thinking processes. There are many distinct psychology theories, but they all believe their actions
are governed by the person’s ideas and emotions. Thinking issues can contribute to criminal
conduct as such. For example an individual who commits a crime does not believe that what he
does is wrong, which leads him to act in first place (Beaver, 2017).
When it goes to psychological crime theories, there are four fundamental concepts. These overall
expectations are that the outcome of crime is :
 Failures in psychological growth
 Erudite actions of anger and violence
 Inherent behavior personas
 Relationship of criminality with mental illness
 Criminal behavior can be intended for the person to the extent that it covers certain feels
requirements.
Sociological Theory:
Psychological doctrines and Sociological doctrines of criminality are interconnected.
Traditional sociological theories suggested that offences were the consequences of anomie, a
word meaning “normlessness” or a sense of an absence of social norms, an absence of
connection with culture. Crime is the result of inability to socialize with people correctly and
the lack of possibilities among communities. Durkheim thought that crime was an
unavoidable reality of culture and argued that crime should be maintained within sensible
limits. Sociological theories are defined by the fact that society “constructs” crime.
Therefore, certain kinds of human behavior are detrimental to community as whole and are
considered as such. However, it is also true that other activities that society recognizes as
criminal are not harmful to others and are therefore criminalized without adequate ground,
these are the so-called “victimless” offenses (Walker, 2017).
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