Terrorism Prevention Strategies

This assignment explores various strategies for preventing terrorist attacks. It examines the effectiveness of environmental designs and surveillance in deterring such acts, arguing that increased security measures are more crucial in cases involving suicide bombings. The document also highlights the importance of addressing extremist ideologies and promoting positive views of Islam to combat terrorism.

Running head: SCRIPT FOR PRESENTATION
Crime prevention and security
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1SCRIPT FOR PRESENTATION
Slide 1
Terrorism-The Manchester Attacks
Slide 2
Terrorism and its cause
 The FBI defines terrorism has the unlawful use of violence or force against a particular
individual and/or property for coercing or intimidating the government and civilian
population or any other segment, to achieve social and political objectives (Ronczkowski
2011).
 The practice of terrorism dates back to 1st century A.D.
 Major causes are associated with religious motivations, political or historical wrong and
socioeconomic factors, such as, poverty, absence of political freedom and illiteracy
(Helling et al. 2017)
Speaker notes- The acts of terrorism are devised in a way to affect a larger audience, with the
ultimate objective of showing power and attempting to shake the foundations of the society and
the country.
Slide 3
Types of terrorism
 Civil disorder- Collective violence that interferes with security and peace of the
community

2SCRIPT FOR PRESENTATION
 Non-political terrorism- Maintains fear for coercive objectives and individual or
collective gains (Piazza 2012)
 Political terrorism- Violent criminal behaviour that generates fear for political purpose
 Criminal terrorism- Criminal acts that are calculated and intended for provoking state of
terror in public
 Quasi-terrorism- Similar in method and crime to genuine terrorism with a different
purpose (Helling et al. 2017)
Speaker notes- The types of terrorism depend on the political system, the country, and history of
the region. The word finds it origin in the French Revolution, during the 18th century.
Slide 4
Situational Crime Prevention
 It refers to the process of introducing discrete environmental and managerial changes for
reducing the incentives and opportunities for crime. Therefore, it focuses on the crime
settings and not on the criminal acts.
 Strategies include improving surveillance, hardening potential targets, and deflection of
potential offenders (Clarke 2009).
Speaker notes- This criminological perspective focuses on expansion of crime-reduction role
beyond the justice system. Intervention techniques are formulated to manipulate several
situational factors and acts as the primary prevention measure. Thus, it focuses more on reducing
crime opportunity rather than criminal potentials.

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Slide 5
Case scenario- Manchester bombings
 22 year old Salman Abedi, a British improvised an explosive device and killed himself
along with 22 others at an Ariana Grande concert in Manchester Arena on 22nd May,
2017 (Gulland 2017)
 59 people were severely injured and the medical teams worked tirelessly to save the blast
victims
 Most victims suffered from open wounds and broken bones
 This was considered as an Islamic terror attack
Speaker notes- The incident was declared as a terrorist attack and case of suicide bombing by the
Green Manchester Police. This was the deadliest attack since the bombings of 2005.
Slide 6
The attack
 The terrorist was found to enter the venue and waited till enough individuals had made an
exit, before detonating the bomb.
 The attack made thousands of people flee with terror and many got separated in the
chaos.
 A scene of carnage was found at the venue and medics had to treat the wounds that are
consistent with shrapnel injury (Longhurst 2017)
Speaker notes- Owing to the fact that the attack was made few weeks before the general
elections, it clearly had a political purpose and made all parties suspend their campaigns.

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Slide 7
Venue for attack
 Selection of the venue was not due to specific rage directed at some random target.
 It was a carefully devised plan influenced by a prolonged terrorist propaganda
 The attack was thought to reflect the consequences faced by chidren at the al Qaeda and
ISIS territories (Cronin 2015)
Speaker notes- The bombings were condemned by Theresa May, who further stated that all
these attacks were bound together by an evil ideology related to Islamist extremism. It can be
defined as any act committed by an individual or groups professing Islamic motivations
Slide 8
Target population
 The concert was selected as the attack target as the fame and status of Ariana Grade went
against ISIS values (Helling et al. 2017)
 Targeting the vulnerable section of the society was considered as a barbaric crime by all
(Mair and Watkin 2017)
 Despite tight security around crowded places, the attack could not be prevented.
Speaker notes- There were failures in preventing crime through environmental design. Presence
of the huge open space increased the susceptibility of the disadvantaged and vulnerable
population of getting affected.

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Slide 9
Previous attacks
 Previous Islamic attacks occurred at the town of Kuta and at two sites in Jimbaran.
 Absence of appropriate situational crime prevention strategies increases the opportunities
for such crimes to occur.
 There is a need to focus on changing the views of people on the ISIS and the religious
text of Quran.
Speaker notes- Making changes in the environment will not help in lowering terror rates as the
attackers have a greater purpose to fulfill by accomplishing these criminal acts.
Slide 10
Prevention strategies
 Several debates exist on the effectiveness of nature surveillance and environmental
designs in preventing terror attacks
 In cases of suicide bombings such as, the concert, environmental modifications will not
prove effective (Paraskevas and Arendell 2007)
 Reinforcing the importance of increased security and watch over terrorist groups are the
only solution
Speaker notes- Increased security will likely have an effect on lowering the crime trajectories
and will provide reassurance to the citizens regarding their security. It will also act as a deterrent
for the suicide bombers, thereby reducing rates of such attacks.

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Slide 11
References
Clarke, Ronald V. (2009) ‘Situational crime prevention: Theoretical background and current
practice’. In Handbook on Crime and Deviance. Springer New York, pp. 259-276.
Cronin, A.K., 2015. ISIS is not a terrorist group: Why counterterrorism won't stop the latest
jihadist threat. Foreign Aff., 94, p.87.
Farrell, G., Tilley, N., Tseloni, A. and Mailley, J., 2010. Explaining and sustaining the crime
drop in industrialised countries. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: an international
journal, 12, pp.24-41.
Gulland, A., 2017. “It wasn’ta medical miracle—we made our own luck”: lessons from London
and Manchester terror attacks. Bmj, 358, p.j4309.
Helling, S., Truesdell, J., Nelson, J., Boucher, P., Perry, S., Pelisek, C., Sokmensuer, H., Chiu,
M., Green, M., Hanlon, G. and Harris, C. (2017). Terror in Manchester INNOCENCE
LOST. People, (25), pp.72-77.
Longhurst, C., 2017. Nurse describes caring for Manchester bomb victims. Nursing Standard,
31(40), p.9.
Mair, D. and Watkin, A. (2017). Children as Targets: The Manchester Arena Attack in the
Context of Terrorist Propaganda. A Global Studies Journal, 10(39).
Paraskevas, A. and Arendell, B. (2007). A strategic framework for terrorism prevention and
mitigation in tourism destinations. Tourism Management, 28(6), pp.1560-1573.

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Piazza, J.A., 2012. Types of minority discrimination and terrorism. Conflict Management and
Peace Science, 29(5), pp.521-546.
Ronczkowski, M.R., 2011. Terrorism and organized hate crime: Intelligence gathering, analysis
and investigations. CRC press.
Sutton, A., Cherney, A. & White, R. (2014) Crime Prevention: Principles, Perspectives and
Practices, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.