This document provides an introduction to the study of criminology, its scientific methods, and its sub-portions in sociology. It explores the causes, responses, and tactics used in law enforcement. The document includes two case scenarios to illustrate the application of criminological principles. It discusses the correct use of powers of stop & search and arrest in the scenarios, as well as the possible offences committed by the parties involved. Additionally, it examines the need for authority under the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 to plant a covert recording device and the penalties and implications of improper use of RIPA-restricted powers.