Crisis Management and Reflection Discussion 2022

Running head: CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND REFLECTION
CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND REFLECTION
Name of Student
Name of the University
Author note

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Table of Contents
PART A: Crisis management..............................................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................3
Discussion........................................................................................................................3
Crisis and disaster prevention......................................................................................3
Crisis and disaster preparation.....................................................................................4
Response to crisis and disaster....................................................................................5
Recovery from crisis and disaster................................................................................5
The ways in which managers should deal with emergency and crisis........................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................7
Kapucu, N., 2008. Collaborative emergency management: better community
organising, better public preparedness and response. Disasters, 32(2), pp.239-262...................7
Bibliography........................................................................................................................8
PART B: Reflection.............................................................................................................9
References..........................................................................................................................16
Appendix............................................................................................................................18

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PART A: Crisis management
Introduction
Crisis management includes the process of dealing with unexpected and disruptive events
that may put an organization into some risks along with its stakeholders. Crisis management
usually includes three main phases- the pre-crisis phase, the crisis response phase and the post-
crisis phase. The pre-crisis phase includes preparation and prevention activities, the phase of
crisis response includes- response of an organization to the crisis faced by it and on the other
hand the post crisis phase includes- recovery by organizations from the risks faced by it due to
the crisis. Therefore crisis management deals with all those strategies that are applied by any
organization for being prepared to deal with significant and sudden negative events. The main
aim of the paper is to discuss about the four phases of crisis including- disaster prevention,
preparation, response and recovery. The paper will discuss about the four phases of crisis
management.
Discussion
Crisis and disaster prevention
Crisis and disaster prevention includes- ensuring ensuring that the human activities or any
other natural phenomenon does not result in emergency or disaster (Connolly 2015). Therefore
prevention includes reducing, averting and avoiding risks by overcoming hazards and
vulnerability (Laugé, Hernantes and Sarriegi 2015). Disasters usually occur as a result of
combinations of factors such as different vulnerability conditions, hazards and the insufficient
measures for reducing the risks. These hazards and vulnerabilities are caused by a number of
factors such as socio-political, physical, economic and environmental factors (Ahrens and

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Rudolph 2006). The hazards includes all those physically damaging events, human activities that
result in environmental degradation, cause loss of life, and also damage property. Therefore it is
understood that institutional failures, including the failure of corporate governance system of a
country as identified in the paper, are a major reason behind susceptibility and underdevelopment
to various disasters and their interdependence. Therefore in order to prevent such kinds of crisis
and disasters, it is necessary for a country’s governance structure to implement and enforce such
public policies that are conducive to the nation’s social and economic development for
achievement of sustainable livelihood and reducing the susceptibility to disaster and crisis (Scott
et al. 2015). Some of the major features of such a governance structure includes- accountability,
predictability, participation and transparency that can help in the development of risk reduction
activities within a country (Ghasemi et al. 2014).
Crisis and disaster preparation
Crisis and disaster preparation or disaster preparedness includes- all those measures
undertaken for preparing and reducing the effects of various disasters (Loosemore, Chow and
McGeorge 2012). Therefore it includes the prediction and prevention strategies for mitigating the
impact of such disasters on the population (Mann 2014). It has been found from a research that it
is necessary to include the employees while planning crisis management because it is easier to
plan and discuss about the salaries, compensation, retention and recruitment of employees before
any crisis takes place as compared to after the crisis has taken place (Bull and Sepulveda 2012).
As it was found from the paper that after the Hurricane Katrina, companies had difficulty in
preparing their employees because they were not included in the emergency planning process.
Moreover by involving the people in planning crisis management they can be more prepared for
facing any unforeseen situation (Scanlon, McMahon and van Haastert 2007). Moreover the