Critical Analysis of HIV/AIDS and Ischaemic Heart Disease in India

This presentation provides a critical analysis of the epidemiology, determinants, and options to improve public health regarding HIV/AIDS and Ischaemic Heart Disease in India.

Critical Analysis Of
HIV/Aids And Ischaemic Heart
Disease
In India: A Public Health
Reformentation Title

Table of Content
 Introduction
 Epidemiology of the HIV/AIDS
 Epidemiology of the Ischaemic Heart disease
 Determinants of the HIV/AIDS
 Determinants of the Ischaemic Heart disease
 Options to improve the public health regarding HIV/AIDS
 Options to improve the public health regarding Ischaemic heart disease
 Conclusion
 References

Introduction
Diseases like HIV/AIDS and Ischaemic heart diseases are the major
issues which are increasing day by day among the population of
many countries. HIV is a serious medical condition in which cells of
the immune system is damaged properly due to which the individual
looses its abilities to show defence against diseases. Whereas, heart
disease is a medical situation with narrowed and blocked blood
vessels which often leads to heart attack and strokes (Abdel-All and
et. al., 2017).

Epidemiology of the HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS is a virus that depress the immune system. The untreated infection
cells kill CD4 cells of T cells which help in immune system that helps body
to fight the infection. If the CD4 cells are decreased in body then there are
maximum change of getting infections. It can transmitted through blood,
breast milk, semen.

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Distribution:- The distribution of HIV across the country is high but it
differs in state. The maximum distribution of disease is in between
heterosexual and homosexual. The HIV prevalence rate estimation
includes diagnosed and undiagnosed persons living. It is estimation
of over all number of people who need treatment regarding HIV
(Brownson and et. al., 2017). It is estimated as the per 100,000 of
population. They are also estimated according to the fixed time
period.

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Possible control of diseases
 To know your partner's health condition about HIV
 This disease is mainly spread by risky sexual behaviours without
the use of condoms.
 The unaffected people are to take more prevention as they have
high risk of becoming infected with HIV.

Epidemiology of the Ischaemic Heart disease
Ischaemic Heart disease also called Coronary Artery disease and heart
disease, This term granted to heart issues caused by narrowed heart
arteries which supply blood to the heart muscle. It means an organ
or internal part of the body for example Heart is not exploit in
sufficient quantity of blood and oxygen. It is the situation that fatty
acid sediment in thin artery walls major to the heart and decreased
blood flow.

Epidemiology of the Ischaemic Heart disease
Ischaemic Heart disease also called Coronary Artery disease and heart
disease, This term granted to heart issues caused by narrowed heart
arteries which supply blood to the heart muscle. It means an organ
or internal part of the body for example Heart is not exploit in
sufficient quantity of blood and oxygen. It is the situation that fatty
acid sediment in thin artery walls major to the heart and decreased
blood flow.

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Epidemiology of Ischaemic Heart disease
Cardiovascular disease are epidemic in India, The CHD led to 17% of total
deaths and 26% of adult death, which raised to 23% of total and 32% of
adult deaths. In global burden of disease study also have high spotted
increasing way in years of life lost and disability adjusted life years In India.

Determinants of the HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS is a chronic and life threatening medical condition that
negatively effect immune system of human body. Determinants of
HIV/AIDS can impact on individual health, functioning and quality
of life. Social determinants of HIV is provided by number of studies
as evidences (Prabhakaran and et. al., 2017). Determinants of health
and HIV can be considered as a series of interrelated components of
risks in HIV.

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Sexual Violence: Violence and
forceful intimation can increase
the chances of HIV infections.
Migration: Migrant workers in
India is more vulnerable to HIV.
Stigma related to HIV: It could be
result in people living with HIV
being rejected and isolated from
the society.

Determinants of the Ischaemic Heart disease
However, cardiovascular diseases or heart disease is a medical
condition with narrowed and blocked blood vessels which often
leads to heart attack. In India, there is a great rise of occurrence of
heart disease in recent past years. It has been increased by 50% from
1996 to 2016 in respective country.
Human and biological determinants: Genetics, Increasing age and
Gender.

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Behavioural determinants: Behaviour of individuals play a key role in the
health outcome. Health related behaviours like smoking, alcohol, physical
activities and diet have a major impact on heart of individuals.
 Diet
 Smoking
 Alcohol

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Physiological determinant: Depression, stress, anxiety and anger can
cause serious heart problems. Physiological determinants are also a
reason which is causing heart related disorders in India. It increases
Physiological and behavioural changes which could increase the risk
of cardio vascular diseases.

Options to improve the public health
regarding HIV/AIDS
India:- The HIV/AIDS epidemic comprise one of the challenge
situation in social progress. If the organisation does not respond in
time they have to suffer various cost on public sector. According to
NACO, the prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in country is high. The
national AIDS control programme focuses on HIV/AIDS by
establishing ta dedicated cell which facilitate efforts with civil
services organisation.

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United Kingdom:- The number of policies are implemented to prevent
new infections. Their aim is to ending of all HIV transmission in the
country by 2030.
 The HIV prevention programme is prevent by HIV prevention
England (HPE). They coordinate with the trust and focuses on the
need of sex between two man.
 They especially targeted the sex workers as they have high rate of
infection through online, radio, podcast to dispel myths about HIV.

Options to improve the public health
regarding Ischaemic Heart disease
The concern in India for Cardiovascular Ischaemic disease in
enhancing country, The government of India organised, The
National Programme for Prevention and control diseases like
Cancer, Diabetes,Cardiovascular disease and stroke. The aim of this
programme was to prevent and control heart diseases and other
diseases concern through primary screening, their modification in
action, and capability building for human resources and
substructure.

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The government of UK improve Ischaemic disease, The UK dietary
praise and cardiovascular health have been previously discussed,
This enclosed information for reduction of LDL, cholesterol, salt
and weight through dietary energy, concentrated fat, salt, fibre, fish
and fruit, vegetables. Since the portray for heart health and diet were
adopting and promote data on dietary consume and urinary sodium
in UK with SCAN news report on carbohydrates and health have
been publicized.

Conclusion
From the above study, it can be concluded that chronic diseases like
HIV infections and Ischaemic heart disease could cause a negative
consequences on overall population of the country if appropriate
measures are not taken to prevent such disorders. The particular
report have covered epidemiology of the HIV/AIDS and Ischaemic
Heart disease conditions.

References
Abdel-All, M., and et. al., 2017. Effectiveness of community health
worker training programmes for cardiovascular disease
management in low-income and middle-income countries: a
systematic review. BMJ open. 7(11). p.e015529.
Bhalla, K., 2018. Public Health Burden of Road Traffic Injuries. In
Transport Planning and Traffic Safety. (pp. 53-68). CRC Press.
Brownson, R.C., and et. al., 2017. Evidence-based public health.
Oxford university press.
Castellano, J.M., F and et. al., 2017. Role of the polypill for secondary
prevention in ischaemic heart disease. European journal of
preventive cardiology. 24(3_suppl). pp.44-51.
Mock, C.N., and et. al., 2017. Disease Control Priorities, (Volume 7):
Injury Prevention and Environmental Health. The World Bank.

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