Critical Analysis of Women Stalkers
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This article presents a critical analysis of women stalkers in the field of psychology. It explores the nature of stalking between men and women and the use of violence. The article also discusses the impact of female stalking on victims. The analysis highlights the need for further research on the causes of stalking among young women and the different types of female stalkers.
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Running head: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN STALKERS
Critical analysis of women stalkers
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author Note
Critical analysis of women stalkers
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author Note
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1CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN STALKERS
Introduction
The aim of the article to present an argument and critic the viewpoint of the author
regarding the female stalkers in comparison to their male counterpart in the field of psychology.
This paper will be analysing this aspect from the perspective of author Purcell, Pathe and
Mullen. The central argument of the paper as presented by these authors dwells into the issue of
nature of stalking between men and women approximately four to one (Purcell et al., 2001). It
has been argued that there is a higher percentage of women stalker in comparison to men
however what is unique between them is the frequency associated with the use of violence
(Purcell et al., 2001). In the case of female, prior or future relationship impacts their nature of
stalking; however, in the case of men, it is not associated with the desire to establish any
relationship of intimacy. To derive the desired result, the authors have taken up 40 female and
150 female, and their results have been compared through forensic mental health care (Purcell et
al., 2001).
Discussion and argument
It has been observed by the author that the act if stalking is indeed a gender-neutral
behaviour. The aspect of gender is not essential in this context; however, what is important here
is the nature and extent of this stalking (Purcell et al. 2005). Even in the case of the total number
of violence, male outnumber the female counterpart irrespective of the female being higher in the
statistics (Dunlap et al. 2015). The victimisation studies explain that women are seldom
prosecuted for the act of stalking while the criminal justice intervention us most of the cases is
more likely to pursue the male counterpart in stalking a woman (Purcell et al., 2001). According
Introduction
The aim of the article to present an argument and critic the viewpoint of the author
regarding the female stalkers in comparison to their male counterpart in the field of psychology.
This paper will be analysing this aspect from the perspective of author Purcell, Pathe and
Mullen. The central argument of the paper as presented by these authors dwells into the issue of
nature of stalking between men and women approximately four to one (Purcell et al., 2001). It
has been argued that there is a higher percentage of women stalker in comparison to men
however what is unique between them is the frequency associated with the use of violence
(Purcell et al., 2001). In the case of female, prior or future relationship impacts their nature of
stalking; however, in the case of men, it is not associated with the desire to establish any
relationship of intimacy. To derive the desired result, the authors have taken up 40 female and
150 female, and their results have been compared through forensic mental health care (Purcell et
al., 2001).
Discussion and argument
It has been observed by the author that the act if stalking is indeed a gender-neutral
behaviour. The aspect of gender is not essential in this context; however, what is important here
is the nature and extent of this stalking (Purcell et al. 2005). Even in the case of the total number
of violence, male outnumber the female counterpart irrespective of the female being higher in the
statistics (Dunlap et al. 2015). The victimisation studies explain that women are seldom
prosecuted for the act of stalking while the criminal justice intervention us most of the cases is
more likely to pursue the male counterpart in stalking a woman (Purcell et al., 2001). According
2CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN STALKERS
to the data, the available empirical evidence explains that the risk of threat and amount of
violence is less in comparison to the male who includes a higher amount of threat perception
(Acquadro Maran et al., 2018).
Contrary to the general understanding of the issue, this article deals with the sensitive
issue of threats and risks associated with the female talkers; however, the perception of danger
and physical assault is likely to be higher in men (Reyns et al., 2015). However, the author has
not denied the fact that the impact of being stalked by a female is no less devastating than that of
a man. According to the author, the nature of this female stalker is determined by their quality of
living, and it has been a argued that these stalkers are mostly driven by any form of the sexual
interactions with the victim which leads them to stalk even more (Chan et al., 2015). On the
contrary, it has also been argued by the scholars that the amount of persistence is more likely to
be higher in the female stalker in comparison to men to resort to quick violence than the male
counterpart (Breiding et al., 2015). It has also been presented that the emotions that are engaged
in the process of stalking are generally obsession, dependency, loneliness or anger and prior
relation to the victim (Carabellese et al., 2015). However, this article fails to identify all aspects
of these issues and mainly deals with the use of violence as the critical parameters for
understanding the racial effect of female stalking. The next part of the analysis would be drawing
upon the issue of strength and weaknesses of the article.
Methods and results
One of the strengths of the article is the method through which the results have been
derived. The author has undertaken 190 stalkers within the age of 35 who are mostly separated
and divorced have been taken as the sample size (Purcell et al., 2001). This demographic status
to the data, the available empirical evidence explains that the risk of threat and amount of
violence is less in comparison to the male who includes a higher amount of threat perception
(Acquadro Maran et al., 2018).
Contrary to the general understanding of the issue, this article deals with the sensitive
issue of threats and risks associated with the female talkers; however, the perception of danger
and physical assault is likely to be higher in men (Reyns et al., 2015). However, the author has
not denied the fact that the impact of being stalked by a female is no less devastating than that of
a man. According to the author, the nature of this female stalker is determined by their quality of
living, and it has been a argued that these stalkers are mostly driven by any form of the sexual
interactions with the victim which leads them to stalk even more (Chan et al., 2015). On the
contrary, it has also been argued by the scholars that the amount of persistence is more likely to
be higher in the female stalker in comparison to men to resort to quick violence than the male
counterpart (Breiding et al., 2015). It has also been presented that the emotions that are engaged
in the process of stalking are generally obsession, dependency, loneliness or anger and prior
relation to the victim (Carabellese et al., 2015). However, this article fails to identify all aspects
of these issues and mainly deals with the use of violence as the critical parameters for
understanding the racial effect of female stalking. The next part of the analysis would be drawing
upon the issue of strength and weaknesses of the article.
Methods and results
One of the strengths of the article is the method through which the results have been
derived. The author has undertaken 190 stalkers within the age of 35 who are mostly separated
and divorced have been taken as the sample size (Purcell et al., 2001). This demographic status
3CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN STALKERS
has helped derive the data to derive the psychiatric status and among crime and violence
committed by a female. It is also important to note that this article presents us the understanding
of the issue of personality or the insight into the issue of schizophrenia (Grangeia et al., 2018).
What is interesting about this article is that it provides enough insights into the issue of stalking
behaviour of women and their nature of associated violence which has been a grey area of
discussion, There are a number of papers discussing the issue of stalking of men, however this
article provides the understanding of the female stalker and the inherent nuances of it through the
clinical tests (Purcell et al., 2001). However one of the weaknesses of the article is the centrality
of the derived results which solely focuses on the outcome of stalking by a female instead of the
inherent reasons for such action. This article fails to provide any solid foundation to the claim of
a female being more in some stalking activities. This is more of result driven that the analysis of
the actual cause of the act. Hence this article requires further research in the field of the causes
that lead to the process of stalking among the young women. Moreover, this article fails to
identify the impact of female stalking on the victims since it is crucial to understand the other
side of the issue to have a better understanding of the issue. This also fails to provide insight into
the types of female stalkers which us more important to know to derive the understanding of the
type of violence and stalker behaviours (Gavin et al., 2016).
Therefore it can be concluded from the above discussion that the issue of stalking is
thought to be primarily the space of men; however, this article helps us understand the fact that
stalking is gender neutral and both men and women are equally responsible for the act of stalking
(Purcell et al., 2001). It is the nature of stalking that is a pertinent question since law enforcement
and the impact of stalking have historically been biased towards men (Myers et al., 2016).
has helped derive the data to derive the psychiatric status and among crime and violence
committed by a female. It is also important to note that this article presents us the understanding
of the issue of personality or the insight into the issue of schizophrenia (Grangeia et al., 2018).
What is interesting about this article is that it provides enough insights into the issue of stalking
behaviour of women and their nature of associated violence which has been a grey area of
discussion, There are a number of papers discussing the issue of stalking of men, however this
article provides the understanding of the female stalker and the inherent nuances of it through the
clinical tests (Purcell et al., 2001). However one of the weaknesses of the article is the centrality
of the derived results which solely focuses on the outcome of stalking by a female instead of the
inherent reasons for such action. This article fails to provide any solid foundation to the claim of
a female being more in some stalking activities. This is more of result driven that the analysis of
the actual cause of the act. Hence this article requires further research in the field of the causes
that lead to the process of stalking among the young women. Moreover, this article fails to
identify the impact of female stalking on the victims since it is crucial to understand the other
side of the issue to have a better understanding of the issue. This also fails to provide insight into
the types of female stalkers which us more important to know to derive the understanding of the
type of violence and stalker behaviours (Gavin et al., 2016).
Therefore it can be concluded from the above discussion that the issue of stalking is
thought to be primarily the space of men; however, this article helps us understand the fact that
stalking is gender neutral and both men and women are equally responsible for the act of stalking
(Purcell et al., 2001). It is the nature of stalking that is a pertinent question since law enforcement
and the impact of stalking have historically been biased towards men (Myers et al., 2016).
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4CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN STALKERS
However, it has been observed that women are more in number in case of stalking and the factors
responsible and the outcomes derived are different from one aspect to others.
However, it has been observed that women are more in number in case of stalking and the factors
responsible and the outcomes derived are different from one aspect to others.
5CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN STALKERS
References and bibliography
Acquadro Maran, D., & Varetto, A. (2018). The psychological impact of stalking on male and
female health care professional victims of stalking and domestic violence. Frontiers in
psychology, 9, 321.
Breiding, M. J., Smith, S. G., Basile, K. C., Walters, M. L., Chen, J., & Merrick, M. T. (2015).
Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence
victimisation—National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States,
2011. American journal of public health, 105(4), E11.
Carabellese, F., Alfarano, E., Tamma, M., & La Tegola, D. (2015). Violence and intimacy-
seeking in a female adolescent stalker: specific characteristics as compared to adult
stalkers. A brief review of the literature.
Chan, H. C., & Sheridan, L. (2017). Is this stalking? Perceptions of stalking behavior among
young male and female adults in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Journal of
interpersonal violence, 0886260517711180.
Dunlap, E. E., Lynch, K. R., Jewell, J. A., Wasarhaley, N. E., & Golding, J. M. (2015).
Participant gender, stalking myth acceptance, and gender role stereotyping in perceptions
of intimate partner stalking: a structural equation modeling approach. Psychology, Crime
& Law, 21(3), 234-253.
Friedman, S. H. (2015). Practical consideration of women and violence is critical. J Am Acad
Psychiatry Law, 43(3), 273-276.
References and bibliography
Acquadro Maran, D., & Varetto, A. (2018). The psychological impact of stalking on male and
female health care professional victims of stalking and domestic violence. Frontiers in
psychology, 9, 321.
Breiding, M. J., Smith, S. G., Basile, K. C., Walters, M. L., Chen, J., & Merrick, M. T. (2015).
Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence
victimisation—National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States,
2011. American journal of public health, 105(4), E11.
Carabellese, F., Alfarano, E., Tamma, M., & La Tegola, D. (2015). Violence and intimacy-
seeking in a female adolescent stalker: specific characteristics as compared to adult
stalkers. A brief review of the literature.
Chan, H. C., & Sheridan, L. (2017). Is this stalking? Perceptions of stalking behavior among
young male and female adults in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Journal of
interpersonal violence, 0886260517711180.
Dunlap, E. E., Lynch, K. R., Jewell, J. A., Wasarhaley, N. E., & Golding, J. M. (2015).
Participant gender, stalking myth acceptance, and gender role stereotyping in perceptions
of intimate partner stalking: a structural equation modeling approach. Psychology, Crime
& Law, 21(3), 234-253.
Friedman, S. H. (2015). Practical consideration of women and violence is critical. J Am Acad
Psychiatry Law, 43(3), 273-276.
6CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN STALKERS
Gavin, J., & Scott, A. J. (2016). The influence of the sex of any prior relationship between the
perpetrator and victim on perceptions of stalking: a qualitative analysis. Psychiatry,
psychology and law, 23(5), 716-732.
Grangeia, H., & Santos, M. (2018). Stalking by Women: Another Side of Gender Violence.
In Female Crime and Delinquency in Portugal (pp. 41-55). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Myers, R. K., Nelson, D. B., & Forke, C. M. (2016). The occurrence of stalking victimization
among female and male undergraduate students. Journal of College Student
Development, 57(2), 213-218.
Peterson, C., Liu, Y., Kresnow, M. J., Florence, C., Merrick, M. T., DeGue, S., & Lokey, C. N.
(2018). Short-term lost productivity per victim: intimate partner violence, sexual
violence, or stalking. American journal of preventive medicine, 55(1), 106-110.
Purcell, R., Pathé, M., & Mullen, P. E. (2001). A study of women who stalk. American journal of
psychiatry, 158(12), 2056-2060.
Purcell, R., Pathe, M., & Mullen, P. E. (2005). Association between stalking victimisation and
psychiatric morbidity in a random community sample. The British Journal of
Psychiatry, 187(5), 416-420.
Reyns, B. W., Henson, B., Fisher, B. S., Fox, K. A., & Nobles, M. R. (2016). A gendered
lifestyle-routine activity approach to explaining stalking victimization in Canada. Journal
of interpersonal violence, 31(9), 1719-1743.
Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (Eds.). (2015). Methods of critical discourse studies. Sage.
Gavin, J., & Scott, A. J. (2016). The influence of the sex of any prior relationship between the
perpetrator and victim on perceptions of stalking: a qualitative analysis. Psychiatry,
psychology and law, 23(5), 716-732.
Grangeia, H., & Santos, M. (2018). Stalking by Women: Another Side of Gender Violence.
In Female Crime and Delinquency in Portugal (pp. 41-55). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Myers, R. K., Nelson, D. B., & Forke, C. M. (2016). The occurrence of stalking victimization
among female and male undergraduate students. Journal of College Student
Development, 57(2), 213-218.
Peterson, C., Liu, Y., Kresnow, M. J., Florence, C., Merrick, M. T., DeGue, S., & Lokey, C. N.
(2018). Short-term lost productivity per victim: intimate partner violence, sexual
violence, or stalking. American journal of preventive medicine, 55(1), 106-110.
Purcell, R., Pathé, M., & Mullen, P. E. (2001). A study of women who stalk. American journal of
psychiatry, 158(12), 2056-2060.
Purcell, R., Pathe, M., & Mullen, P. E. (2005). Association between stalking victimisation and
psychiatric morbidity in a random community sample. The British Journal of
Psychiatry, 187(5), 416-420.
Reyns, B. W., Henson, B., Fisher, B. S., Fox, K. A., & Nobles, M. R. (2016). A gendered
lifestyle-routine activity approach to explaining stalking victimization in Canada. Journal
of interpersonal violence, 31(9), 1719-1743.
Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (Eds.). (2015). Methods of critical discourse studies. Sage.
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7CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN STALKERS
Ybarra, M. L., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., & Mitchell, K. J. (2017). Stalking-like behavior in
adolescence: Prevalence, intent, and associated characteristics. Psychology of
violence, 7(2), 192.
Ybarra, M. L., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., & Mitchell, K. J. (2017). Stalking-like behavior in
adolescence: Prevalence, intent, and associated characteristics. Psychology of
violence, 7(2), 192.
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