Critical Issues in Global Health - Assignment

Critical Appraisal of
Emerging Public Health
Challenges

Table of Contents
Article Critique................................................................................................................................1
1. Description...............................................................................................................................1
2. Article Critique........................................................................................................................2
2.2 Introduction......................................................................................................................3
2.3 Material and Methods...........................................................................................................3
2.3.1 Settings and Participants................................................................................................3
2.4 Results....................................................................................................................................4
2.5 Discussion and Conclusion....................................................................................................5
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................5

Article Critique.
Self-reported Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, and Breast Cancer Risk in a Population-based
Case-Control Study (2013)
By: Girschik, J., J. Heyworth, and L. Fritschi. 2013.
1. Description
In the global scenario and Australia, breast cancer has been turned out commonly
diagnosed invasive cancer among the women as leading causes for cancer death. There are has
been various of the risk factors which includes more about the primary generic mutation,
reproductive history, gain of weight and the alcohol consumption. In the previous research, the
researcher have not accounted the significant proportion foe the breast cases in cancer.
There were many of the researcher completed in the Australia and at international level
has reported significant changes sleep over time among the developed nation. Some studies
suggested that there is reduction in habitual sleeping along with quality of sleep has increase its
prevalence as subjective poor sleep that must be ranging from 5% to 40%. As due to having the
poor quality of sleep there are immediate effect such as tiredness, loss concentration, and injuries
There is lack of studies in suggests link between poor sleep and range of long-term health effects
The researcher has already proposed that the two plausible biological models which have
the explantation how poor sleep have the directly influence development cancer which is
impairs immune function and the metabolic pathways leading to obesity. The researcher have
also the proposed the same indirect mechanism to have the suggestion in increased risk of cancer
due to altered melatonin release. The researches clarify the melatonin release have been
regulated by light / dark cycle due to irregularity of sleep and terms as the proxy in some of
previous studies. The researcher has proposed the best possible ways to have the evidence to
support them but till the true process by which the sleep might have influence in cancer risk has
been unknown factor.
In this research, the researcher have aimed to have the investigation in the relationship
between breast cancer and domains of sleep (sleep duration on workdays, sleep duration on non
work days, and subjective sleep quality) in a population of Western Australian women. In this
research the case control study design has been utilized as to have the investigation in
1

occupational and environmental risk factor for the breast cancer for the completion of the Breast
Cancer Environment and Employment Study. Due the construction of research there was total
collection of a sample size 1,000 cases and 2,000 age-matched controls calculated a priori based
have the expected number and rate of recruitment in incident of breast cancer patients in
Western Australia. The researcher has the basic formation of hypothesis that is the main of
prevalence of exposure to shift work and the increased risk of breast cancer expected to detect.
In the contradiction to the case control study the subject are selection bias as it just that
researcher is selected the particular topics for perfection. There is insufficiency for the rare
exposed and is to subject to observation bias. In the case control study design the researcher have
been unable to detect the very small relative risk. Mainly this research design has been large
numbers of cases of cancer are occurring in the population.
2. Article Critique.
The Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) checklist
was used to critique the research.
2.1 Title and Abstract
The title of the research significantly explain the main aim and the research methodology along
with population being used to have the proper completion of research. The research could be
better if the study design was also included as recommended by the STROBE checklist. There
are been more specification of the title along with use of study design to target the population
with provides more details in the title.
In terms of abstract it was concise and comprehensive which provided an informative and
balanced summary. The abstract contained all the necessary elements of an epidemiological
study and provided it a sufficient manner. The readers and the other scholar can have the relative
understanding about the particular research in way what has been done, how it was done and
what were the results of the study. The abstract has proper mentioned the key points related to
study to ave the good idea and hints on what the article is all about. In the abstract keywords are
breast cancer, case-control studies, circadian rhythm, sleep, sleep duration, sleep quality. The
words like the morality and ethics must be included in the principal variable that is too been
measured by maintained in the research completion.
2