Critical appraisal of the efficiency of safewards model

Running Head: Critical Appraisal of the efficiency of safewards model 1
Critical Appraisal of the efficiency of safewards model
Student Name
Institution
Course
Date

Critical Appraisal of the efficiency of safewards model 2
Table of Contents
Title..................................................................................................................................................3
Summary of Clinical Scenario.........................................................................................................3
Clinical Question:............................................................................................................................4
Search History.................................................................................................................................4
Identification................................................................................................................................5
Eligibility.....................................................................................................................................5
Included.......................................................................................................................................5
Screening.....................................................................................................................................5
Citation............................................................................................................................................8
Critical appraisal of the study..........................................................................................................8
Clinical bottom line.........................................................................................................................9
References......................................................................................................................................11

Critical Appraisal of the efficiency of safewards model 3
Title
Critical Appraisal of the literature finding focusing on the efficacy of safewards model in
reducing the occurrences of violence and aggression against nurses in mental health hospitals.
Summary of Clinical Scenario
For quite a long time, workplace violence has been a global and worrisome problem
especially in the sector of healthcare (Nwobia & Aljohani, 2017). Although in most cases it is
endured and goes unreported where healthcare workers accept it as an occupational hazard, its
negative effects have been overwhelming (Hamdan, 2015). In fact, most studies on workplace
violence have revealed that nurses are the most affected population. It is reported in the study of
Shafran-Tikva et al. (2017) that nurses working in the psychiatric wards and mental health
department are at the risk of workplace violence. The author has validated that due to the
aggressive behavior of the mental ill patient, nurses can be exposed to physical injury or nursing
hazards (Acquadro Maran et al., 2018).
Different studies have proposed different approaches to curb workplace violence among
mental health nurses (Ramacciati et al., 2016). The rate of violence, absconding and self-harm
and other related issue that tends to threaten the safety of staffs and patient changes by the
hospital wards. The violent incidence leads to injuries, use of coercion in containment arouses
staffs ambivalence and poor staff and patient connection. Some of the wards have high rate while
other have low rate. The action of the staffs focusses on to prevent such incidents through
manual constraints or coerced medication (Coneo et al., 2019). The Safewards model provides
the comprehensive explanation for the difference in such rate. It includes six domains which

Critical Appraisal of the efficiency of safewards model 4
includes physical environment, staffs teams, patient community, regulatory framework, and
characteristic of patient and outside hospital (Baumgardt et al., 2019). The stated domain
provides risk to flashpoint, intervention of staffs reduce the conflict rate, prevent flashpoint,
ensure of not using containment and its causes towards conflict. Therefore, there is the need to
investigate the effectiveness of the Safeward model. This paper scrutinizes the efficiency of
safewards model in the reducing the incidence of violence and aggression in mental health care
sector.
Clinical Question:
Does safewards model reduce the incidence of violence and aggression in mental health
hospitals? In order to make the development of the research question easier and still come up
with a well-built clinical question that formulated the research strategy by identifying the key
concepts, PEO framework as shown below (Doody & Bailey, 2016).
P (Population): Violence and aggression on mental health nurses
E (Exposure): Use of Safewards model
O (Outcome): reduced incidences of violence and aggression against mental health nurses
Search History
In October 2019, five scientific database CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane library and
Medline-EBSCO were searched by the use of various key terms related to the research question
(Eriksen & Frandsen, 2018). The PEO question provide specific key word to search relevant
articles that answers the clinical question. Use of search terms with MeSH and search criteria