1CRITICAL APPRIASAL Introduction The main of the paper is to critically analyse the qualitative research article by using qualitative CASP tools. The research paper focus on to explore the nursing communication strategy by evaluating the response of the family member of the ICU patient. The paper has made use of 10 critical appraisal question based on the critical appraisal skills program (CASP). Therefore, the paper has been appraised based CASP tool as major objective was to develop skill to assess evidence based practice in nursing. It also assist in making sense of research evidence and applying in the nursing practice. Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research? The main goal of the research paper was to analyse the ways in which the family member of the patient who are at the risk of dying give their response to nursing staffs. It is important to beconsideredbecauseitisevidentthatfamilymemberofICUpatientsundergohuge psychological distress, and it is important to evaluate the nursing strategies in order to support them which is a part of their responsibility (Jackson& Jutte, 2016).It is observed in the paper that author has clearly stated the aim of the research however, research question was lacking in the paper. Is a qualitative methodology appropriate? In the paper, researcher is aiming to explore the opinion and response of the family member of the ICU patient towards communication strategies of the nurse. Qualitative study is being done to analyse the view point of the participant where primary data is mostly (Munthe- Kaas et al., 2018).It is evident from the paper that thoughts and behaviour of participants are
2CRITICAL APPRIASAL being considered in the research, hence use of qualitative methodology is appropriate to address the goal of the research (Adams et al., 2014). Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? In the paper, the researcher has made use of prospective, qualitative descriptive design. There was of lack clear description of the reason for choosing descriptive design. In descriptive design, the most important factor is analysis of a particular event experienced by the participant (Leung, 2015).From the paper, is evident that author has chosen participant who have their belonging at the verge of dying. Hence, it can be said that the qualitative design used by the author can address the research goal. However, author has made use of only interview in the paper, which needs clear explanation for it in the paper. Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research? For the qualitative paper, it is important to recruit the participant who have experienced the subject in order to collect unbiased data (Noyes eta l., 2018).In the paper, researcher has clearly mentioned the type of participants being chosen. The participant taken were the family who were having their member admitted in ICU, and were at the point of dying. Author has stated that purposive sampling was done, with the aim to reduce the biasness in the study. Concerning the aim of the research, the recruitment strategy is appropriate to the goal of the research which was to explore the response of them. Author has also chosen people of different ethnicity and recruited minimum of two cases from them, which is justified with the goal of evaluating nursing communication strategy.
3CRITICAL APPRIASAL Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? In the qualitative research, the data are collected mainly by the mean of interview, questionnaire, and observation. In the evaluated paper, the most common way to collect data was interview however, observation of the situation and non-verbal sign was taken into consideration (Allen et al., 2016).The objective of including interview was stated by the author which is relatedtoknowthefeelingsofthefeelingmembersinordertoexaminethenursing communication strategy. However, author has not described about the type of interview that has been used in the paper. Additionally, it is evident from the paper that method of conduction of interview has been highlighted. Hence, it can be said that way of collection of data to some extent is addressing the research issue. Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered? In the evaluated paper, author has done purposive sampling and selected only those family who were having their member in ICU. Author has chosen the hospital setting for their study which was mainly done to remove the potential biasness the research. Author has avoided the inclusion of random member for the interview and have analysed their own role and biasness. The formulation of the research question and in collection of data, author was not influenced (MelendezāTorres, Grant & Bonell, 2015).Author has made use same questions in different situation and with different ethnicity people which is evident that author has examined the potential biasness in the research.
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4CRITICAL APPRIASAL Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? In the evaluated study, author has focused on the ethical principle but still lack in some ground. Researcher has taken ethical approval from the hospital institution and all the participant were signed the informed consent (Mikal, Hurst & Conway, 2016). However, author has not clearly stated about approval from the research ethic committee which is needed for conduction of any particular type of research paper. It is the most important step for initialising any research work. Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? The process of data analysis in the study has been mentioned by the author which is related to open coding for action of the nurse and response of family. Priori and posteriori codes were used to create themes. The data analysis is quite time consuming and rigorous in the qualitative paper however, researcher has interpreted the data through theme which is being in aligned with the research aim (Rule & John, (2015).Author has tried to avoid any biasness by making the use of codes to interpret the interview. However, as sample size is low in the paper, sufficient data is not presented which can supports the finding (Malterud, Siersma & Guassora, 2016). Is there a clear statement of finding? The finding represented in the paper is explicit. There is adequate discussion made by the author as use 12 reference to justify the argument highlighted in the paper. However, in order test the credibility of the study, no effort was evidence from the paper. For any qualitative paper, it is important to discuss the reliability of finding which was lacking in the paper (Taylor, Bogdan & DeVault, 2015).By critically analysing the paper, researcher has clearly summarized the finding in the form of themes which is in relation with the research aim.
5CRITICAL APPRIASAL How valuable is the research? The finding of the research paper is valuable for the nursing staffs. They will come to analyse their communication strategies and way to improve it. However, as the research has considered the staffs of only one hospital it is not reliable to apply the finding to the whole nursing staffs (Mihas, 2019).Author has mentioned the implication of the finding, with clear scope of future research on the research. As per the repetition of the previous research, author has not provided any detail about the conflict of interest by which it can be attributed the research goal is not a new research and thus, cannot address the nursing knowledge. Summary of the critical appraisal The research paper has been critically appraised by the use of CASP tool. Author has clearly put forward the aim of the study as rationale of the research was highlighted. The use of qualitativemethodologyforanalysingthecommunicationstrategybynursingstaffswas justified. Author has comprehensively explained the research design of using descriptive study which focus on the aim of the research. For the research author has recruited the participant by the use of purposive sampling which has lower the biasness of the study. However, number of sample taken was less to evaluate the result. The data was collected by the mean of interview, but fails to highlight the type of interview conducted. Researcher has tried to remove the biasness of data by formulating same question of all participants. However, author have not taken appropriate ethical consideration and fails to seek approval from research ethic committee. The data analysis was time consuming as code method was used. Thus, it needs to be simple and clearforthereadertounderstandtheanalysis.However,theanalysismethodwasnot comprehensively explained in the paper. Author has put clear finding in form of theme which make it understandable for the reader but author has not conducted any credibility test to
6CRITICAL APPRIASAL authenticate the finding. As the research was limited in one setting, its finding cannot be applied to current nursing practice. Hence, value of the paper is questionable. Conclusion Lastly, from the above discussion it can be concluded that CASP tool was efficient to analyse the authenticity and reliability of the research article. In the paper, critical information has been gathered regarding the nursing communication strategy, however, the evaluated paper is limited in its setting, it can be said that more research is needed in this domain to bring the finding and evidence into nursing practice. Reference Adams, J. A., Anderson, R. A., Docherty, S. L., Tulsky, J. A., Steinhauser, K. E., & Bailey Jr, D. E. (2014). Nursing strategies to support family members of ICU patients at high risk of dying.Heart & Lung: The journal of acute and critical care,43(5), 406-415. Allen, C., Vassilev, I., Kennedy, A., & Rogers, A. (2016). Long-term condition self-management support in online communities: a meta-synthesis of qualitative papers.Journal of medical Internet research,18(3), e61. Jackson, J. C., & Jutte, J. E. (2016). Rehabilitating a missed opportunity: Integration of rehabilitationpsychologyintothecareofcriticallyillpatients,survivors,and caregivers.Rehabilitation psychology,61(2), 115. Leung, L. (2015). Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative research.Journal of family medicine and primary care,4(3), 324.
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