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Critical Discourse Analysis and the Sociopragramatic

   

Added on  2021-06-18

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Critical Discourse Analysis and Inter-culturalism and Social Pragmatism

Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................3Critical Discourse Analysis and the Sociopragramatic................................................................4Pragmatism, CDA and other linguistic elements.........................................................................5Intercultural and discourse analysis.............................................................................................6Politeness in discourse analysis...................................................................................................6CDA and the cooperative principle..............................................................................................8FINDINGS.......................................................................................................................................9Politeness in language cooperation..............................................................................................9Discourse analysis and implicature..............................................................................................9Data Analysis.............................................................................................................................11DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................13CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................16Radio Transcipt by Gawnem & McCulloh (2018)........................................................................16BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTIONThe radio transcript in the Appendix reveals the underlying challenge in intercultural language use. Martinez-Flor & Uso-Juan (2011) defines Pragmatics as the situation of language use, language for performance action and expression. Pragmatism features include sentence construction, and the environment within which its application features. The use of language in a particular context and the deixis in this case refers to spoken data. It is conversational communication, language implication and presupposition. Based on philosophical and logical theories, pragmatics focuses on conversational, interaction and act theory and includes language use, signs, and symbols. Listeners focus on pronunciation, translations, and meanings. Pragmatics and intercultural communication highlight language forms and the acquisition of pragmatic knowledge(Stadler, 2012). This research paper focuses on discourse analysis as the main theory with reference to cultural interaction and other theories like speech acts, implicature, cooperative principle and politeness. It looks at the philosophy of language and conversations in language, effective communication as defined by utterances, communication intent and

proper grammar or vocabulary required to convey a message. In an intercultural environment, language may have differences in meaning and sometimes language comes out as impolite because of misconceptions. This research presents a pragmatic case scenario referring to English as a global language.LITERATURE REVIEWScholars identify English as a global language indicating that pragmatics is a study of language focused on the user’s perspective(Crystal, 1997). Users of English as second language encounter problems because of the use of language in different cultural contexts. Pragmatism as an academic area of research looks at the use of language as speech, language for intercultural communication, interpersonal pragmatics and competencies. Lin (2014) analyses historical developments in applied linguistics to point out the role of critical discourse analysis ( CDA) in understanding langauge. Research on pragmatics in English features the personal and professional contexts. Linguistic theories such as the Maxim theory by Paul Herbert Grice influences the principles of pragmatism in which quality, quantity, relation and manner matter (Keenan, 1976). By observing these maxims, the listener is able to deduce meaning from aphrase. Critical Discourse Analysis and the SociopragramaticCDA in applied linguistics is about social interactions, language, and culture[ CITATION Blu84 \l 1033 ]. In the digital age, English stands out as the main language of communication on internet platforms. However, the interaction between native and non-native persons reveals language gaps(Wierzbicka, 2003). In this case, power, distance, and level of imposition determine the adoption of the communicationmode and context. Language use at the college level is different from communication by acquaintances. Within the learning institutions, the written response to academic situations and social interactions differ. In the global sphere, environmental factors influence the mode of expression based on the cultural

influences in a region (Barth-Weignarten, Dehe, & Wichmann, 2012). This influences the adoption of pedagogical contexts.Critical discourse analysis looks at the integration of language and the formation of new discourse activity. For example, it is interesting to note that the global interaction sponsored by the online platform shapes the emergence of a digital language. Principles of CDA include the multidisciplinary nature, socialpolitical stance and its complexities. The application of discourse depends on numerous factors such as different contexts, group attitudes and personal opinions (Huckin, Andrus, & Lemon, 2013). Articulation in DA involves application in different contexts including conversational communication and theoretical approaches. It is the manipulation of information in order to shape the meaning or thinking. This is a critique of the mind, attitude and behavior. Pragmatism, CDA and other linguistic elementsResearch by Keenan (1976) indicates that there is a universality in the principles of conversations. Among this is logic, which reiterates that language needs meaning and people have to comprehend the utterances. Pragmatics differs with Morpho-syntax which, supports the proper formation of sentences because it does not focus on the ‘who’ and the ‘what’ of a language. Today, the globalization of language means local languages are popular across different cultures. Conversations on internet platforms may not make grammatical sense because of broken grammar and language rules. However, phonology in the pragmatic sense is keen on the user rather than the applicability of language. Pragmatics honors the context when looking for meaning in language. Implicature is the other meaning derived from a language[CITATION Tag05 \l 1033 ]. Written conversation if different from the spoken. A conversation between twopeople requires informative content. The absence of facial expressions in written hidden effective communication. Pragmatism is people-centric hence; it works well with Semantics, which is a segment ofLinguistics. This means that it supports other areas of linguistics(Witchmann, 2004).

Pragmatics refers to the study of the speaker’s meaning, context, implicature and intended meaning. In order to understand the social perspective of language discourse, it is important to have a grasp on the relative distance of language. Formal pragmatics includes the use of speech acts in which speech varies from being directional to a declaration or expression. These situations represent the intention, define the word and separate circumstances. Speech has rules and may be sincere, apologetic, and propositional or filled with warnings. Therefore speech acts is a communication tool used to address behavioral and emotional levels (Arcidiacono, 2012). Determined by individual level of learning and the cultural background, speech act presents real action. Pragmatic skills become critical when making judgments on the intent of an interactive session. This allows the listener to differentiate between a question, an agreeing statement and a disagreeing one.Intercultural and discourse analysisCross-cultural communication may succeed or fail depending on the implicature. This brings out the implicature theory, which looks at the contextual aspect of language. Conveying a message in language depends on the personal and cultural perspective[ CITATION Ogi08 \l 1033 ]. Deixis in pragmatism refers to time, place and the person involved. On a wider scale, pragmatics refers to intercultural as well as interpersonal pragmatics. Language may have a general meaning but individuals choose how they interpret it. American life in an open society where free speech is acceptable may not agree with a Japanese who feels restricted when airing opinion. This explains the connection between philosophies of language and the theoretical application. Ogiermann (2008, p. 270) discusses interlanguage pragmatics byaddressing the acquisition of the second language. In the discussion, the non-native speaker develops the second language through pragmatic awareness. The transfer of information makes sense in order for the learner to comprehend the new language.Fox Tree & Shrock (2002) delves deeper into the meaning of language by analyzing conversation throughrelevance, social linguistics, and the contextual meaning. The mental conceptualization of language

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