NHS Reform and Challenges

This assignment examines the current state of the UK's National Health Service (NHS) and the challenges it faces. Students are asked to analyze the effectiveness of NHS guidelines, assess the quality of patient care, and evaluate the adequacy of public funding for healthcare services. The assignment also prompts critical thinking about the main problems confronting the NHS, including resource management, service closures, and evolving healthcare needs. Finally, students are encouraged to propose strategies for reforming the UK's health care system.

Critical evaluation of issues faced in
resource management and solutions
for them: A study on NHS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
For the accomplishment of the present dissertation, I would like to sincerely express my sincere
gratitude to my mentor who has provided me sufficient knowledge and greater support. Further, I
would like to thank my friends, colleagues and family members who have guided me at every
stage while conducting dissertation. Through their support, I was able to complete my thesis with
effectiveness and in an accurate manner. Lastly, in the series, I would also like to state special
thanks to my team members who have provided me with assistance in collecting data and in
analysing it further.

ABSTRACT
Aim: “To keep original the idea alive behind the formation of NHS”
Methodology: For the following research project, different ways are elaborated about the
research. Data analysis, methods, limitation, risks and issues are discussed here. Further,
reliability, validity and ethical issues are discussed in the following thesis. For this research
project, qualitative inductive methods have been chosen in which survey has been done.
Finding: From the discussion, it has been analysed that doctors and nursing staff of hospitals
have to follow indicative of NHS. It is the body which works for minimizing health issues from
the society members and works to improve their health. It has been analysed that NHS is having
more than 1.5 billion people as their employees. The funding for NHS directly comes from the
tax paid by the citizens. From the discussion, it can be interpreted that authorities are passing
funds to improve medical care services. But due to poor system, whole funds do not reach to
hospitals. It has been analysed that advanced technology and innovative equipment require more
investments which are reducing the funds of the organization. It was also estimated that if the
organization is not making any radical changes then there will be £30 million funding gap by the
end of 2020. From the discussion, it can be interpreted that NHS will not carry out those
operations who are having very less benefit to the health of the public. From the discussion, it
can be interpreted that majority of the people wanted to make modifications in the area such as
resources management. It is one of the major areas where a difficult situation is faced by the
professional services sectors in determining the future requirement of resources. Further, it can
be interpreted that after the implementation of the Brexit in the country the major changes must
be made in the financial resources and industrialization.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE: “HOW NHS CAN MANAGE AND UTILISE ITS RESOURCES MORE
EFFECTIVELY”.............................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................7
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................7
1.2 Rationale...........................................................................................................................8
1.3 Significance......................................................................................................................8
1.4 Aim and objectives...........................................................................................................9
1.5 Research questions.........................................................................................................10
1.6 Overview........................................................................................................................10
1.7 Structure of this research................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................13
2.1 Fund generation to manage resources............................................................................13
2.2 Challenges faced by NHS...............................................................................................16
2.3 Effect of privatization on NHS resources.......................................................................19
2.4 Proper management to utilise funds effectively.............................................................22
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................26
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................26
3.2 Research Approach.........................................................................................................26
3.3 Research Philosophy........................................................................................................1
3.4 Research Design...............................................................................................................1
3.5 Type of investigation........................................................................................................3
3.6 Data Collection Method...................................................................................................4
3.7 Sampling Method.............................................................................................................4
3.8 Data Analysis Plan...........................................................................................................5
3.9 Reliability and Validity....................................................................................................6
3.10 Ethical Consideration.....................................................................................................7
3.11 Accessibility Issues and risks.......................................................................................10
3.12 Research Limitations....................................................................................................10
3.13 Research and conclusion..............................................................................................11

Chapter 4: DATA ANALYSIS.....................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................25
RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................................................27
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................30
Appendix A....................................................................................................................................33

Table of figures
Figure 1: Effectiveness of guidelines of NHS in order to provide quality services to patients.....12
Figure 2: Clinical staff is proving proper care to patients.............................................................14
Figure 3: NHS is getting sufficient public fund for development in health care services.............16
Figure 4: Main problem currently faced by NHS..........................................................................19
Figure 5: Proper utilization of public funds is essential for NHS..................................................21
Figure 6: Main changes have been made by NHS to improve medical services...........................23
List of Tables
Table 1: Effectiveness of guidelines of NHS in order to provide quality services to patients......12
Table 2: Clinical staff is proving proper care to patients...............................................................14
Table 3: NHS is getting sufficient public fund for development in health care services..............16
Table 4: Main problem currently faced by NHS...........................................................................18
Table 5: Proper utilization of public funds is essential for NHS...................................................21
Table 6: Main changes have been made by NHS to improve medical services............................23

TITLE: “HOW NHS CAN MANAGE AND UTILISE ITS RESOURCES
MORE EFFECTIVELY”
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The National Health Service (NHS) is the public health service provider of England,
Wales and Scotland. After the second war, this organization was established by the labour party.
The founding principles were universal, free delivery of services and very comprehensive. Today
also, they are providing the wide range of health services at free of cost. They are having around
1.6 million staff including nurses, doctors and other working employees. Their combined budget
was around £136.7 billion (Desai and et.al., 2016). The local resident of UK is not charged for
any of the services except some. The organization was established on 5th July 1948. This is the
world's oldest and largest single payer health care system. Their aim is to provide quality
services to the citizens of UK. NHS is having various resources but they are not utilising them in
the more effective way as they were doing a few decades back. NHS is charging very less money
for even for those services which cannot be provided free. The organization have to keep all their
equipment updated so that in case of emergency they can use and cure the patients more
effectively.
From that time, many ruling parties have managed NHS the way they wanted. The era of
Margaret Thatcher was the downfall year of this comprehensive and wonderful organization.
After that only the conservative party is known as the anti-NHS party. Not only the party, but all
the governing staff and employees are equally responsible for the downfall of this organization.
They are having all the resources but the organization is not able to manage those resources in
the most effective way (Fallaize and et.al., 2015). The public money is wasted heavily which is

not noted by anyone. The authorities are not working to improve the condition of NHS, they just
wanted to generate more money from this. They have neglected all the issues so that the
resources cannot be used positively. The equipment can be used more effectively so that the
environment of the health care provider can be improved for the patients.
1.2 Rationale
The main purpose of this research has to be clear to the readers as well as to the researcher.
Therefore, a rational has to be provided so that it will establish a clear understanding which is
related to the reasons in the context of the adoption of this strategy. The current study was to
know how NHS can effectively use their resources more effectively, it has been done to reduce
the gap present in this area. The researcher was not sure whether he can define the reasons for
not using the resources which will help the patients in more effective way. Some
recommendations are provided in this research as well so that it will enlighten these areas more
clearly.
The study on “How NHS can manage and utilise the resources more effectively” is
conducted which will contribute the academic and professional knowledge of the researcher.
Therefore, this study was conducted and then elaborated in the form of a dissertation. This will
also show the proper management of resources which can be done by NHS treat their patients
more effectively.
1.3 Significance
The aim of this study is to decide the essential element required for this study. The value
additions and contribution of this research has been made to understand the literature in the
better way. Few points which will be helpful in identifying the appropriate significance for this
study are;

 This research will be helpful in finding out the valuable information related to the
existing study of proper management of resources by NHS.
 With the help of this research, the individual will be benefited who are studying to
become doctors in NHS. This knowledge will certainly increase their field work.
 This will give guidance to the doctors so that they will utilise the resources in the
most effective way.
 The information will be helpful in developing new ways by which NHS can
effectively use the available resources.
1.4 Aim and objectives
The main aim to carry out this research was "To keep original the idea alive behind the
formation of NHS". National health services were the best thing formed in the UK after the
second world war. The main idea was to provide the quality and best health care services to the
people of UK. NHS will be run by using the public funds.
Objectives:
To achieve the aim, following objectives have to be fulfilled:
 To explore several areas of NHS, which can raise the funds through private services.
 To investigate the present challenging issues which are faced by NHS and find out the
possible solutions to overcome those.
 To explore the ways by which Brexit will affect NHS.
 To investigate, how the system of NHS is getting abused by British people as well as
non-British people.
 To identify further areas for improvements.

 To recommend certain strategies which will help them to reform the health care
system in the UK.
1.5 Research questions
These questions are developed strategically so that the quality of the research can be
increased. The proper set of questions is being developed so that the each and every aspect of
this research has been covered. Therefore, it will be helpful in producing quality informative
content. New research questions are mentioned below are:
 How to explore the areas of NHS which can increase the funds by using private
services?
 How to investigate the current challenges and issues faced by NHS?
 What are the ways to explore the effects of Brexit on NHS?
 How to investigate the NHS system which is abused by British as well as non-British
people?
 What are the areas which require further improvements?
 Which are the strategies used to reform the health care system in the UK?
1.6 Overview
The organization was launched in 1948. It is based on the idea of providing the quality
health care services to the citizens of UK irrespective of their wealth. NHS in England is dealing
with 1 million people in every 36 hours. The organization covers everything related to the health
care services like antenatal screening, routine screening, transplants, treatments for long term
conditions and emergency treatments. The organization is having more than 1.5 billion people as
their employees. The England based NHS includes 150,273 doctors, 40,584 practitioners,
314,966 nurses, 18,862 staff for ambulance and 111,127 hospitals (Ellis and Abbott, 2014). The

funding for NHS directly comes from the tax paid by the citizens. NHS transformation took
place in 2013 and after that, the payment methods have been underpinned by the legislation. At
the time NHS was launched, the total budget was £437 million and in 2016 the budget was
approximately £116.4 billion.
1.7 Structure of this research
The proper structure and flow of the research will be helpful in gathering the information
in the most accurate way. For this dissertation on “How NHS can manage and utilize their
resources more effectively”, following structure has been proposed
Chapter 1 – Introduction
This chapter includes the background of the entire research, the aims and objectives. It is
followed by the rationale, which was accompanied by the elaboration of the significance which
was also included in this chapter. This chapter will be showing the entire overview of NHS and
the questions which have to be answered if NHS want to use their resources in the most effective
way. This is having the framework which has to be followed by the researcher to conduct the
study in the most effective way.
Chapter 2 – Literature review
The critical review will be done and the scientific information will be gathered by using
books, journals or by using the internet. The review will contain all the methods and techniques
which will be used by NHS so that they will treat their patients in the most effective way. The
usage of previous research was helpful in understanding this research on the broader perspective.
The attributes will be used very well for conducting this research by using the appropriate
referencing system.
Chapter 3 – Methodology

Different tools and techniques have been used for conducting this research. The selected
methods will be helpful in getting the correct information regarding the aim which was selected.
These methods will be used for conducting the qualitative research. The design of the study will
be included in this chapter including all other aspects.
Chapter 4 – Data analysis
This particular chapter will be having the methods by which the information will be
gathered. Majorly primary and secondary data collection techniques are being used. This chapter
will be helpful in analysing the collected information. The researcher will be able to obtain the
most appropriate outcome by which the best results can be obtained.
Chapter 5 – Conclusion and recommendations
This will be the final chapter of this dissertation; therefore, it will be helpful in evaluating
the outcomes of the research. The overall conclusion will be obtained through analysing the data
which will be collected. This chapter will also provide some recommendations for the ways by
which NHS can improve their treatment techniques by using the resources more effectively.

CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Fund generation to manage resources
Wilson and et.al (2014) stated that the funds generated by NHS will be having the positive
impact on the population health if the resources are managed effectively. The previous research
shows that public health was the prime concern for the employees of NHS irrespective of the
funds. There were some clinical practices done so that the patients can move freely in the
organization. They have created some pathways by using the care setting services. It is important
that they must have an effective flow of their patients irrespective of the quality of their services.
The integrated care setting is another factor which is crucial in context with the management of
the resources. The effective communication and proper coordination will make sure that the
patients are moving smoothly in the organization.
Another challenge faced by NHS in today's world according to Correia, Dussault and
Pontes (2015) is that the demands of the patients are too much but there are not enough
resources. The organization is giving the services free of cost, so the inflow of the patients is
higher. The public wants that the services should be of high quality. The consumer thinks that
they are paying taxes, so they must get the return or value for their money. If the constraints are
removed for the payment of the valuable services than the demand becomes unconstrained. The
suppliers to NHS staff who are skilled also demand high wages. Therefore, it is essential for
NHS to meet their demands, so that the health outcomes can be increased. NHS is not an
international health care service, so they must not provide the free health to the non-nationals. It
is believed that only those persons who are paying tax in the UK are viable to get the free
services from NHS. Health is not free because all the citizens are paying taxes so that they can
get quality health care facilities from the government.

In contrary to this, Foster and et. al., (2016) states that, if any of the company whether it
is of healthcare sector or any other not manage its fund then faces several issues. In case the
financial resources which are generated through several financing sources not managed
appropriately then lead to creating problems. For instance: National Health Service raises fund
from the particular source and unable to use in an optimum manner. Due to this condition,
overall management of the financial resource affected which is the sign of declining performance
of financials within an industry. In addition to this, in order to meet requirements and wants of
the patients, NHS requires more amount of financial resources. Due to lack of proper and
adequate capital availability, it cannot fulfil their needs effectually. Further, it is highly required
to consider fund management after raising it (Batubara, Purwanto and Fauzi, 2016). The reason
behind is that, until and unless, finance is not managed and utilised in an optimum way the NHS
cannot put more efforts for the patients. Therefore, it is mandatory to manage the resources of
financials in adequate ways. In the present era, a wide range of healthcare hospitals and care
units operating along with effectual treatments. Further, they using innovative and updated
medical instruments which lead to support the patients for getting well soon. For purchasing such
kinds of instruments and innovative equipment’s, the NHS has to spend more financial
resources. For this, it has to approach up to the financing sources and after raised should manage
properly. Many times, it may be happening that, a fund cannot utilise for that purposes for which
it is raised from a market. Therefore, objectives cannot be achieved in an appropriate direction.
According to the view point of Hicks and et.al (2015), NHS is no longer considered as
the place where people can get quality treatment. People believe that NHS is not having enough
resources to treat the people. NHS is not utilizing the available resources which are in the form
of doctors, staff or equipment more effectively. This is because, if the patients are having

complex problems than the doctors and staffs are not handling them very carefully. They are not
giving them enough time, so again it is creating some problem in the health condition of the
patients. Another crisis of NHS is the low or very poor morale of the workers and staff. They are
not able to retain their experienced staff because of the poor fund management. NHS is spent
around £55.6 billion every year to improve the services and to keep their staff satisfied and
motivated. Even after spending these many amounts, they are not getting the returns on their
investments. The aim is to develop this organization the safest place for the patients and the most
effective health care system globally.
Farzan and et. al., (2016) criticised that, NHS makes high and more expenses behind
improving existing services and to train the employees. The workforce of national health services
not retained for a long-time due to having very fewer benefits from it. Due to lack of more
financial resources, NHS cannot give other extra advantages to the employees. Therefore, they
always try to give resign. It spends approximate 55.6 billion GBP amount at the workplace on
basically two factors which are like its services and staff (Puopiel and Chimsi, 2016). After
spending such huge sum of money on the employees, it not able to raise their satisfaction level.
Until and unless employees of any organisation are not satisfied than not retain for long period of
time. If NHS manages its capital in proper ways then able to make satisfy the workforce which
leads to reducing retention rate. In context to this, if employees are not satisfied then unable to
provide effective services as well as treatments to the patients. Therefore, they will switch
towards other health care unit which is a symbol of reducing the market share of NHS. On the
basis of this overall analysis, it can be said that fund must be managed up to a greater extent at
the workplace (Kulb, Hennink and Mutinda, 2016). The reason is that costing, profitability and
overall business performance totally depends on how financial resources are managed.

2.2 Challenges faced by NHS
McIntosh and et.al (2016) stated that NHS is capable enough to produce world class and
high-quality services every day because they are having transparent culture. Despite having all
the positive work place and healthy environment, NHS is facing heavy challenges in dealing
with the patients. One of the problems faced by them the ageing population. The aim of NHS
was to treat the people irrespective of their disease. In past few years, the people over 65 years of
age were killed more by the disease. At one instant, it is good because the life span of people is
increasing but on another hand, it is causing more problem. The staff will be occupied by them,
so other people will not be able to get the necessary treatment. Another problem is related to the
life style factor of people. They are drinking too much alcohol, poor diet and smoking which is
causing more health problems. The financial crisis has increased the cost of the services, supplies
and resources.
According to McCann and et.al (2015) advanced technology and innovative equipment
required more investments which are reducing the funds of the organization. It was also
estimated that if the organization is not making any radical changes then there will be £30
million funding gap by the end of 2020. This will be having a huge impact on the economic
condition of NHS. Coming five years will be very crucial for the organization because it will see
a huge transformation in the health and service sector. The demand for care and treatment is
rapidly increasing, that is the reason NHS is keeping people alive for a longer time. Their
resources need stability if they have to overcome the challenges. The organization must improve
the health care services for local people by utilizing their resources more effectively. NHS
belongs to all the people of UK, so they have to improve the condition and well-being of people

physically as well as mentally. They can make use of the funding benefits so that there will be
less likelihood of getting harm.
In opposite to this, de Paulo Correia and Rola-Rubzen, (2016) says that NHS not having
capabilities to manage its available financial resources in proper direction which is one of the
major issues. Due to improper management of funding level of costing, resource allocation,
profit, incomes etc. effects in adverse condition (MAHMOUD and et. al., 2017). Another
challenge in terms of financials faced by NHS is regarding the deficit. In this, its different
providers, as well as commissioners, come with deficit up to approximate 1.85 billion GBP. This
huge amount is identified at the time of doing auditing which is one of the largest deficit in the
history of national health service. Another issue faced by the cited healthcare organisation is
because of Brexit. Before exiting European Union from British, NHS easily able to operate at
international and global level. After occurring situation of Brexit, the national health service has
to pay more amount in terms of exporting, tariffs etc. while providing its treatments out of
national level. When an organisation pays more tariffs, then the total cost of production affects
adversely. Hence, it can be identified that because of the Brexit cost of services enhances and
prices remain constant (Henderson, Hopps and Roy, 2017). Therefore, overall financial
performance in terms of revenue and profit both influenced in the healthcare industry.
As per Appleby (2015) the effective use of treatment policies will be done only when
proper funding is available. It can also be noted that NHS will not carry out those operations who
are having very less benefit to the health of the public. The doctors have to make sure that the
patient is aware of all the circumstances so that he will be able to trust the processes of NHS. The
funding will be reduced, which will be because of the efficiency and income. NHS have to raise
the funds and save at least £22 billion a year so that they can improve their treatment practices.

Just in case, they are not able to find the accurate funding, then they have to cut some free
services for the patients so that some funds can be raised from that. The government have to
make sure that they are deploying the best workforce in NHS to provide high quality and
effective services. The plans of social care have to be reduced so that the recovery time of the
patients can be increased.
In the opinion of Sadheura, Parrish and Ganesan, (2016) NHS spends a huge amount in
the workplace for improving existing treatments and services. Along with this, it makes expenses
for boost up the efficiency of the workforce which is a sign of cost increase in the organisation.
As the NHS makes expenditures, the workforce not giving a response in a positive direction.
Moreover, it unable to manage financials in the proper direction through which satisfaction level
of its workforce is not in the favour of working environment (Smith and O'Connell, 2017). Due
to this, they give resign on a frequent basis which leads to boost up retention rate at the end of
the year. Therefore, it faces issues with the employee turnover which enhances over the years. In
the firm when staff expenses increase than the availability of financials decline. In this condition,
the company has to approach the source of finance which imposes financing costs on the
management adversely. On the basis of this, it can be said that NHS faces various issues
regarding the human as well as financial resources. When talking about only employees then
they are less efficient and unskilled by which management not able to provide effective
treatments. On the basis of this, it can be said that with workforce also NHS faces issues up to
the higher extent.
As per the views of Kirkwood and POLLOCK, (2016) when looking at the financial statements
of NHS then it can be found that it uses debt source of finance. On the other hand, side, it giving
less importance to equity financing source which is a sign of increasing debt to equity

proportion. From the above secondary data analysis, it can be found that cost of production and
employee turnover both are high of NHS. In context to this, for raising capital NHS considers the
option of debentures at most of the times. At the very less time, it uses the equity financing and
due to which level of debt to equity ratio is more than 0.5:1. In this, the NHS needs to raise
capital with the help of issuing equity shares (Alkhamis, 2017). The reason is that financing cost
of equity is very less in comparison to the debt. Along with this, it is not mandatory to pay
dividend amount because it depends on the profit condition. Due to this, issues faced by the NHS
in context to funding will be resolved up to the greater level.
2.3 Effect of privatization on NHS resources
Jon (2017) stated that privatisation is reducing the resources used by NHS by which the patient
care could be improved. It was found out that a private hospital was built but rented back to NHS
is costing them £2 billion a year. Outsourcing and privatisation are not just a waste of the
available resources but they are also eroding the founding principles of NHS. The private
hospitals are just robbing the money from the patients. This is making the organization to spend
more money in upgrading their resources. This is also causing disputes inside the organization
among the management of the hospital and local authorities. NHS has to employ doctors and
nurses for giving treatment to the patients. The private hospitals are using outside service
providers which are not that much effective as well as consuming more money from local
people. The organization is making more efforts in improving the ward services so that the
environment and health of the patients can be improved. This can be done by making sure that
the ward remains clean all the time and it should be free from bacteria. The positive environment
will be created so that the patients get recovered at the faster rate.

According to Helen (2016), some key problems faced by NHS are related to the closure of the
services because of the centralization, the improvements on the reliability of the private services,
growing population, increasing cases of obesity and diabetes and the cost uncertainty. To
maintain the economic condition is the main objective of the organization. NHS will keep on
improving the services so that they will remain the most cost-effective organization. By taking
help from centralization, the government is making efforts in increasing the funds. They are now
closing some services related to maternity or A&E. NHS is saving the money by eliminating the
social care budget services. For the treatment of mental health, they have made slight increment,
so that more money can be generated from this. They are increasing the waiting time by giving
access to GP and appointments within first 48 hours. For the private patients, they have not
reduced the cap amount, because they can generate more money from there.
Powell, (2016) with a contrary outlook towards privatisation has hereby disclosed some key
benefits of privatization where it has resulted in several effective changes in the adopted policies
and procedures of NHS. It is, however, a prime responsibility of NHS to take care of these
benefits and apply the same in their work environment (Alonso, Clifton and Díaz-Fuentes 2016).
It is also with reference to a major argument against privatisation that largely benefits the private
organisations by provisioning them a greater share of profits and revenues. It is mainly on
considering the profit incentives by cutting down the costs for becoming more efficient in terms
of working in a directional manner. Powell and Miller (2016) on considering the nature of work
in NHS where it is known to be a publicly funded body is operating as a government owned
industry. As a result, to which, its deputed managers are not known to share the profits on a usual
basis. On comparing both, a well-known agenda of enterprises working in private industry after
privatisation is to earn more and more profits (Lindsey and et. al., 2016).

For which, they are more likely to trim down the costs for generating money in much efficient
manner. It is on the basis of many such factual instances where private organisations are apparent
to show a more effective approach to work. It is the trend of privatisation where they have
indicated with an improved degree of efficiency and higher return in the form of profits. Soni
and Wolkersdorfer, (2016) with a supportive outlook to it have hereby supported yet another
beneficial outcome of privatisation that led to a less interference of governmental bodies that is a
negative aspect for a publicly funded body like NHS where many have presented their arguments
against it. It is in support of a controversial statement raised against the governmental bodies
who are known to create poor economic managers. It directly criticises the management of funds
raised by NHS where it then sounds to operate within a pressurised state of work by not being
able to focus on the economic benefits in the business. (Patanakul, Kwak and Liu, 2016) on
relating the existence of privatization with that to the intrusion of Brexit have enlightened some
negative influence upon the entire nursing industry with a direct impact on NHS. It is mainly on
considering the present scenario of NHS after an active existence of Brexit in the nation, NHS
has found to suffer from a severe shortfall of nurses. It is basically due to an ageing population
that has pushed up this demand of employing more number of nurses and other required health
care associates to serve the exact need of the patients and service users.
Tshesebe and Strydom, (2016) have hereby argued upon an increasing number of elderly staff
in NHS who are likely to retire within 10 years. 1 in every 3 nurses is expected to retire within
this time span that will result in the more atrocious provisioning of services to the users with less
or almost no existence of service providers in NHS due to such reduced supply of workforce
(Sahide and et. al., 2016). It is also with a special context of the specialist nurse designated to

provide acute mental health services to the clients whose numbers have considerably fallen down
in the past 5 years.
2.4 Proper management to utilise funds effectively
Zara (2017) stated that the efficient and effective management and use of resources are very
integral part of any organization to sustain in the industry. The environmental sustainability can
be increased by improving reducing the use of electricity. This can be done by using solar panels
for generating electricity and use that energy. All the staff members have to make sure that they
are not wasting any material which can be used afterwards. The efficiency and effectiveness can
be achieved by keeping the ward neat and clean for the patients. They can use the most
sustainable approach so that the resources can be used in saving the money. NHS have to decide
where they are lacking so that they can improve on those aspects. The organization have created
some plans for the improvements but they have to ensure that those plans are implemented in the
most effective manner. Their aim was to increase the funds and by reducing the wastage and
improving some rates for the charged services, they can achieve that.
According to Gareth (2017), NHS is heavily dependent on the tax funded by the people of UK
and the economy of the country. Over the past 5 to 7 years, the funding has been going up and
down because of the uncertainty of the economic conditions. Since 2008, it has become more
difficult and challenging. To manage their resources and utilize them more effectively, NHS has
developed their 10-point efficiency plan. The evidence given to that plan suggest that NHS is the
world’s largest and most efficient health care system and on lower cost than those other health
care firms of Europe. The Germans are having more than 30% health care funds than the UK.
But after 2010, the organization is increasing their productivity more quickly than any other
country in Europe. According to their Fiscal sustainability report, the pressure of cost is very

high, because in future the health spending will definitely increase. The technology is also
increasing, so the cost and demand will also increase. Despite all the facts, the organization is
reducing their waste so that the efficiency can be increased.
All their resources also include the bed in the hospitals and in present condition more
than 2500 bed is about to get free. This is because the patients are about to leave the hospital. But
the same numbers are again occupied by the patients because of the delayed time period in the
health care services. NHS is not providing the appropriate health care services and this is the
reason NHS requires more funding. The organization is now reducing their staff wages so that
money can be saved. They are also keeping them satisfied so that their performance will not drop
and NHS has done a tremendous job in cutting down the total wages from £3.7 billion to £3
billion. The organization is still reducing and cutting the temporary staffing costs. £150 million
will be gained from the reduction in medical forum expenditure. Another thing is they are
spending £16 billion every year on drugs. £9 billion is raised from GP prescription and the
remaining £7 billion from the treatment done in hospitals. The organization is utilising their
resources so that they need not invest in the drugs developed in another country.
Encouraging the efficient use of resources is equally important for NHS according to Carter
(2016). Reduction in efficiency means money is being wasted. The part of the government is
focusing on filling up the gaps so that the performance of the organization can be improved. The
major news is the improvement in the technology and medicines. Various drugs were developed
which can be helpful in curing the person and reducing their treatment time.
According to Desai, and et. al., (2016) managing the fund means to manage the cash flow in an
organisation. It should be managed in such a way that all the needs could be met when it arises
and also it should develop the working condition of an organisation. National Healthcare System

(NHS) is the largest publicly funded organisation of England (Ellis and Abbott, 2014). This
organisation receives large amount of cash every year, management of which become a crucial
issue as it has to manage effectively so that it could receive all the benefits and could provide
better facilities in coming future. It serves healthcare facilities to almost each and every citizen of
England. By fund management or asset management, the organisation can work smoothly
without any hindrance or barrier. If it lacks proper management than the organisation can face
losses which can lead to even dissolution. For saving the organisation from all such hardships the
fund management should keep a close eye on cost and risk of capitalization of cash flow. The
organisation should use its fund to buy such assets which could be liquid easily during an
emergency. In absence of non-liquidated nature of assets, the firm has to take loans which will
increase its debt burden.
In the opinion of Fallaize and et.al., (2015) as NHS is a public funded organisation it
should follow certain rules, policies and procedure which is made for public entities in order to
make its working smooth and proper. NHS should follow all the principles which will help the
organisation to ensure its survival in long term. They should adopt the principle of transparency
in which the organisation has to disclose all the information which is required to be shown to the
public. It will not only increase its popularity but will help the organisation to increase its cash
flow. Both the type of funds that is fund inflow and outflow should be managed properly by the
fund manager. It is the responsibility of every fund manager to implement such fund managing
strategies which could help NHS to attract more investors. Apart from implementing policies and
plans fund manager should have to ensure that the investors are getting a timely payment of the
investment they have made. Managing the funds effectively could be done by only one person or

could also be done by the team of persons. This decision will rest with the higher authority of an
organisation.
Contrary to this Hicks and et. al., (2015) criticised that when assets or fund is managed
effectively then it helps the organisation to keep a record of all its assets which helps the fund
manager to ensure its increasing value and depreciation. By keeping the record of such the fund
manager could take the decision whether to sell the asset or to keep it in the organisation. When
the fund is managed properly the organisation can save itself from maintenance of the asset
which sometimes increases the expense of the organisation without an equal increase in profits.
Henceforth, proper management should be done in order to utilise fund effectively which will
improve the functioning of NHS.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
In the third chapter of this dissertation, ideas related to the methods, tools and techniques
are described. It focusses on the areas like issues faced in resource management and solutions for
NHS (McCann, and et. al., 2015). Moreover, it supports in developing and conducting the
research and analysing it in more better ways. This part of the research contains types of
investigation done in this thesis, design, type, sampling methods, data analysis and collection
methods, ethical consideration and limitations. Further, reliability and validity of the research are
mentioned. The procedure for conducting the research are mentioned represented, explained and
anticipating phenomena are mentioned in the cited dissertation. Besides this, it helps to gain
more knowledge about the thesis.
3.2 Research Approach
There are various types of investigation which can be used to evaluate the topic in depth. By
undertaking effective investigation methods, the effective decision can be made which are
related to the study and provides outcomes for the accomplishment of the expected findings
(Panneerselvam, 2014, Smith, 2015). Such aspects help to minimize the chances of mistake that
can occur in the research. Moreover, it helps to support in carrying out of methodology that has
been chosen. There are two methods which are commonly used, inductive and deductive. In the
former method, the data is collected by the researcher which is advantageous and aids in
explaining the patterns. The latter is related to approach that is made from general to specific.
For the evaluation of the present research proposal, an inductive approach has been used for
identifying the issues faced by NHS in managing and utilising its resources more effectively. The
discussion in this research is more about the NHS as it provides its services in almost all part of

UK. Further, to make their process and procedures faster they require focusing on the
management and resources so that they can make sustainable development. Moreover, inductive
research is related to the new theories that are related to the topic. A narrow set of question are
asked from NHS related members and a new approach is made on the previously researched
phenomena. Besides this, the deductive method is not selected as research outcomes obtained
will be more specified and there will be no generalization regarding the research. Other than this,
literature and personal experience of currently working people of NHS are included in the
research.

3.3 Research Philosophy
Research philosophy is referred to be yet another essential consideration of a researcher
that in turn depicts the carried belief of the investigator to conduct an effective study. Also, on
the basis of a chosen philosophy, the researcher further tends to choose the methods for data
collection and analysis, etc., (Creswell and Poth, 2017). This particular methodology is together
composed of two distinct terms namely epistemology and doxology where both are largely
different from one other. Herein, epistemology defines the truth of the chosen subject matter in
contrary to doxology where it merely describes the reason behind a fact that is supposed to be a
truth. However, both of these terminologies exist with a similar scientific purpose where they are
together aimed at converting the hypothetical things into known things.
This procedure can also be stated as the transformation of Doxa into episteme. In general,
there exists mainly two such philosophies of research that are commonly required to be selected
by the researcher to carry out a study. This includes positivism and interpretivism (Silverman,
2016, Violeta 2016). Positivism is opted to carry out scientific studies where interpretivism has
another appellation of anti-positivism (Eriksson and Kovalainen, 2015). It is totally opposite
from that to the study of positivism based on scientific concepts and results. Considering the
same and the present subject matter, this study will be based upon an interpretivism approach of
research where it is aimed at scrutinizing the facts behind the management of resources in NHS.
It hereby depicts a subjective nature of the research topic and thus, it will be supported by an
interpretivism philosophy of research.
3.4 Research Design
It is related to the overall strategy which has been utilized in the thesis for the integration
of various sections. This part is completed in more coherent and logical path so that research

issues can be effectively addressed (Mackey and Gass, 2015, Flick, 2015). It comprises of the
blueprint, analysis and measurement of the research data. The length and complexity of the
research proposal are maintained by clearly justifying the issues which are relevant and
specified. The research design is plan related to thesis and helps to make decisive factors
regarding the nature of the research for achieving the aims and objectives. There are various
types of research design which are used for properly answering the question which is asked in
the research some they are descriptive, casual, exploratory etc. methods are used. Descriptive
design helps to evaluate the topic chosen and ideas, as well as thoughts, are developed and
focused through exploratory design. To conduct the present dissertation, the descriptive method
has been used where the main focus is given on description related issues which are faced by
NHS in their management and efficient utilization of the resources. Besides this, the exploratory
methods have not been used in the thesis as it does not require any exploration of the new ideas
as well as cognitive content in the present study. The particular case study of the NHS has been
chosen as it is largely expanded in the UK and there are more than 1.6M people employed in it
(Gast and Ledford, 2014). Further, they have to identify different areas where they can
effectively utilize their resources.
2

3.5 Type of investigation
To conduct the research in more effective manner and identify its nature, techniques and
tools related to it, research type is used (Soni and Wolkersdorfer, 2016). Moreover, type of
investigation is described in advance so that the thesis can be carried out in more detail and
effective manner. There are four main approaches to any research. They are quantitative,
qualitative, Pragmatic which is also known as the mixed method and at last,
Advocacy/participatory approach(emancipatory). Generally, the first two are used. Quantitative
is based on the collecting and converting data into mathematical form so that probability can be
made and effective result can be drawn from that data. It is more hypothetical and objective
plays the major role in it. The main emphasis is given on deductive reasoning (Tuohy and et. al.,
2013). Certain samples are collected and then the probability is calculated. However, in the
qualitative method, a social constructivist paradigm is more emphasised. It focusses more on the
social activities and nature of reality. It is an inductive approach and theories and pattern is used
for the data collection. It is bottom up approach. Some of the participants are selected in less
formal and rigid way.
For the current study, qualitative in nature of the research has been used. It has been
taken as information related to numeric form is not present and for evaluating and expanding the
research themes are formed. These data will help to further evaluate the report. The data will be
generated from the response provided by the respondents. This is the main reason behind the
current research being qualitative rather than quantitative. In this data collection is expanded at
different stages and participants are given the level of freedom.
3

3.6 Data Collection Method
For any research, data collection methods details about the various sources from where
data has been collected and utilized (Alonso, Clifton and Díaz-Fuentes, 2016, Lindsey and et. al.,
2016). In simple language, it is about all the answer which are asked in the research question.
Moreover, the research must be more relevant and related to the objective of the topic. Generally,
there are two methods through which data can be collected these are primary and secondary.
Primary data collection method is based on a questionnaire which is asked to the members
related to the organisation and secondary data collection is collected from the other sources such
as articles, journals, online sites, literature and various another sources Bauer, 2014).
For the present research as it is qualitative and inductive based research so both data
collection method chosen. Primary data collection method is used so that details from the
members related to the NHS can be accessed. It will be formulated in the form of a questionnaire
which is developed by the researcher. Their judgement based on the questionnaire will decide
what improvement can be made for the betterment of NHS management and resources
utilization. Secondary data collection method as mentioned will be taken from the different types
of articles, journals, online websites, literature, books, newspapers and other secondary sources
which are related to management and resource utilization. Further, it will include the details
associated more about NHS. Both the research method will help to elaborate and evaluate the
research in more effective and efficacious manner.
3.7 Sampling Method
Sampling is a well-known procedure that is mainly used in analysing any statistical data
(Reynolds, Creemers and Teddlie, 2014). This involves a prearranged set of observations that are
further collected from a superior number of population. There together exists a varied type of
4

sampling measures namely random and purposive sampling methods whose selection to carry
out a research is entirely dependent on the type of evaluation needs to be done in a study
(Barratt, Ferris and Lenton, 2015, Alkhamis, 2017). This is for instance to define a random
sampling method that includes a non-probable selection of audience as study participants.
However, another method called purposive is to make a likely selection of the audiences needs to
contribute their participation in the study for reaching to an intended goal.
The present research work will be based upon a similar usage of purposive sampling
method with a sample size of 15 clinical staff members of NHS who will be interviewed with the
help of a survey form. This method is chosen to conduct a goal based study with a selective
number of participants to effectively contribute in the study (Robinson, 2014). Apart from it, this
measure is selected to carry out a study based on the subjective topic of research that meets the
criteria of the current undertaken investigation. Besides this, purposive sampling is also useful in
terms of carrying out a qualitative research work with a broad range of sampling techniques. The
recent investigation has also involved a thematic analysis of the obtained findings to clearly
scrutinize the issues that are actually faced by NHS while managing their resources.
3.8 Data Analysis Plan
Data analysis is another important part of the thesis as it focusses on the areas where
primary data is analysed so to achieve the answer to the research question (Puopiel and Chimsi,
2016, Kulb, Hennink and Mutinda, 2016). Moreover, it helps to accomplish the research
objectives and aim. To gain the answer to the questionnaire appropriate techniques and tools
have been used. There are two methods of data analysis which are mostly used in research
projects. These are based on the research type and are qualitative and quantitative. These help in
effectively and expected the finding of the research question. Qualitative data analysis technique
5

is used in the thesis when data related to non-numeric form and different themes are present.
This is done to overall evaluate the response that is provided by the respondents. However,
quantitative method of data analysis is formed when data is present in the numeric form and for
the same probability is identified through similar statistical tools. It is used for studying the data
collected.
The present report is based on the qualitative technique has been used. In this theme are
constructed based on the information provided by the NHS clinical members in order to find the
resolution regarding the management and resources utilization. However, the other method that
is quantitative method has not been used as there was no data available related to the numeric
form. From the qualitative methods, the response from the members associated with the NHS can
be taken and this will help to ensure that research aims and objectives have been realised or not.
3.9 Reliability and Validity
Reliability of the research is essential in the study (Zara, 2017, Creswell and Poth, 2017).
Through this, it is possible to eliminate all the inconsistency and dissimilarity which are
associated with the thesis. Such aspects help to develop the stable and consistent results. There
are mainly four types of reliability, these are internal consistency, inter-rater, parallel forms and
test-retest reliability. Under this, administering the same test twice, assessment tool and decision
and difference in the similar result is accessed. It is foremost and among the primary duty of the
researcher to maintain and ensure the reliability of the data provided. Such things help to
increase the efficiency of the survey. From the starting of the research different tools have been
used so that reliability can be maintained and results are obtained based the desired aims and
objectives. Moreover, validity is also required for the consistency and cogency of the report.
Through this research is more relevance and uniform. There are five areas through which
6

reliability is measured or maintained these face, construct, criterion-related, formative and
sampling. These are required to ensure all the aspects which are necessary for the research.
The cited report is entirely based on both the aspects. For this stress on the data collection
and its analysis is given. To improve and increase the efficiency of the research in almost all
possible ways, information gathered is from the reliable sources. Besides this, during the time of
data collection of secondary data, information which are after the year 2010 has been selected so
that current data are considered in the research. Moreover, journals, articles and online sites
which are referred are from the professional’s authors. Through these ways, complete research
can be said to be more reliable and valid. It can be referred by the other authors for the study.
3.10 Ethical Consideration
Ethics can be described as the brand of the thesis which consists of the systematizing and
suggesting concept of being correct or wrong. It helps to make the result fruitful and creates
more significance to the entire research (Wilson and et. al., 2014). Further, it details about the
acceptable practices adopted in the dissertation. It is based on the two aspects which are morals
and ethics. The former one is about the unwritten set of values as well as the frame of references
which aids in making the decision properly and regulate the behaviour of the researcher. Further,
ethics is based on the code of values and principles which are implemented while conducting the
research.
As the research is about the NHS which is part of health care sector so it very important to
maintain the ethics and moral values. Further, there is need to abide all the current legal
legislation related to there. Moreover, the research carried out is based on the following ethical
value and within the limits of legislation. These are:
7

1) Confidentiality: As based on the Data Protection Act 1998 made by the government
to set the administration and confidentiality limits. While making the research the
confidentiality of the organisation and members participated in the research
(participants) will be maintained every time. There will be no mention of the name of
any particular hospital and trust. Further, the report will not comprise of any
participant name and number along with this such things will not be published. The
complete research will be based on the consideration that NHS being a general
organization.
2) Equality: Based on Equality Act 2010, there is no discrimination made based on any
category as it is considered illegal. Such things are maintained and respected while
evaluating the research. Moreover, people engaged in the research have also followed
the ethics and values while conducting the investigation. All the member associated
with the research are given equal opportunity and respect.
3) Patient’s Confidentiality: Leaking of the data is strictly maintained and such activities
will never happen. Complete confidentiality is maintained.
4) Research Governance Framework for Health & Social care: It is based on the two
aspects. Department of health and social care and governance structure for the
research. The following research is based on the framework in order to maintain the
high level of governance. Moreover, it is maintained in the clinical and non-clinical
research.
5) International Standards: For completing this dissertation all the international
standards are adopted and followed so that good practice can be carried out.
International standardisation with the involvement of the human being is based on the
8

World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki. Along with this, ethical
principles for medical research are followed. In this declaration following are key
categories:
 Beneficence (Do positive good)
 Non-malfeasance (Do No Harm)
 Informed Consent
 Confidentiality/ anonymity
6) Withdrawal from Research: All the participant which are taken part in the research
are allowed to withdraw their name at any point in time that too without giving any
reason. Along with this, they have the rights to withdraw the data or information that
they have provided while conducting the research. Moreover, for the reliability and
efficiency of the research, all the participants are detailed about the aim and
objectives and participant information sheet will be provided to them so that they can
clear and concise about the research. Their statutory rights are fully protected in the
present research. Additionally, the researcher has provided cut-off date through which
participant data can be withdrawn easily.
7) NHS Procedures: As per the NHS procedures, all the researches which are based on
the NHS are must maintain the ethical reviews if though they are not required. As the
present research is based on the law risk research so, Proportionate Review approval
has been taken. Along with this, there will always be supportive of the senior
supervisor who will access my research work.
All these above mentioned ethical aspects are kept by the researcher to complete the
research in ethical aspect. Moreover, no sustainable harm is made on any living being while
9

conducting the research. Besides this, without the consent of the participants, not a single data
related to them will be included in the thesis.
3.11 Accessibility Issues and risks
Accessibility of the data is considered as determining factors as the data is not accessed
from the legal/valid and dependable sources than the resultant generated from it will also become
vague (McIntosh and et. al., 2016). Based on the issues, primary data will be directly collected
from the members of the NHS while the most of the secondary data will be accessed from the
legal and reliable online websites.
The risk is the danger faced by the researcher while conducting the research. Due to this,
following risk were figured out by the researcher during their investigation:
 Violence as well as psychological harm
 Injury that can be caused during the travelling to/from the research venue
 Allegations that researcher acted violently/ inappropriately to the participants
while conducting the research.
 Being implicated in illegal activities which are irrelevant to NHS and
participants of the survey.
 Personal Security of the researcher can be in danger while conducting the
research at different areas or location.
3.12 Research Limitations
While conducting the study related to the research there can be the certain restriction that can be
encountered by the researcher during the time of research. Moreover, this limitation can directly
affect the research and member associated with the research. For conducting the research
following are the limitation faced by the researcher:
10

1. Complexity: The researcher has acknowledged that while conducting the research they can
face some complex issues related to the research. However, if complexity does not occur or act
as obstacle then NHS system can be easily accessed by them. Moreover, they can easily provide
the ideas related to the work.
2. Time consumption: For every research, there is certain time consumed in survey part.
Similarly, time was consumed for both, the researcher and participants who are participated in
the survey. For this various stage were made by the researcher to complete the task in time.
3. Cost: For conducting any research there is always a requirement of the cost that researcher has
to bear so that they can easily make their research. Money is required for the accessing data,
transportation and survey. As the researcher was an NHS employee so there was easy in getting
the accessing data. For the collection of the data from the different hospitals, there will be the
cost of transportation. Also, there is expenditure related to survey. To prevent the cost which will
be used for the survey at different areas researcher has used its own hospital so that it can remain
under his budget.
3.13 Research and conclusion
The methodology used in this research was made to produce a detailed assessment related
to issues faced by the NHS in their management and resources utilization. All the mentioned data
are used to evaluate and formulate the research. Data collection methods, analysis, ethical
consideration, reliability, validity, issues and limitation are mentioned in this part of the research.
11

Chapter 4: DATA ANALYSIS
Theme 1: Effectiveness of guidelines of NHS in order to provide quality services to patients
Strongly agree 4
Agree 8
Disagree 2
Strongly disagree 1
Table 1: Effectiveness of guidelines of NHS in order to provide quality services to patients
Figure 1: Effectiveness of guidelines of NHS in order to provide quality services to patients
Interpretation: From the discussion, it is found that 4 out of 15 respondents have said that they
are strongly agreed that guidelines of NHS are effective and with the help of these indicative
medical professionals can provide quality care services to care users. On another hand 8 out of
15 answers have viewed that they are agreed with this point that NHS is providing good
guidelines that help in giving good patients. On another hand 2 out of 15 participants have said
12

that they disagree with this point that guidelines of NHS are effective enough. They think that
NHS does not look upon specific needs of a population that is why most of the hospitals still are
using traditional equipment for treating the care users. Whereas, 1 respondent has viewed that
individual is strongly disagreed with the point that guideline of NHS is effective enough. From
the discussion, it can be interpreted that NHS is working for the good fare of the population. It is
continuously trying to improve services of hospitals. With the supervision of NHS body, most of
the hospitals are now applying advanced medical equipment for giving quality care to users.
NHS is the government body which looks after the common medical needs of patients and
accordingly makes changes in the care system. Guidelines of this body are effective enough that
helps clinical staff members in providing good care to patients.
From the discussion, it has been analysed that doctors and nursing staff of hospitals have
to follow indicative of NHS. It is the body which works for minimizing health issues from
society and works to improve their health. Population always want quality care for their disease.
In this condition, it has become the duty of medical professional that to identify health problem
of persons and accordingly provide them treatment. Guidelines of NHS help in giving
appropriate care to suffered patients. With the help of this direction, practitioners become able to
provide quality care to users. That helps in providing good care to them and by this way, NHS is
able to meet its objective. Most of the participants believe that guidelines of NHS are effective
enough and with the help of these indicative, they are able to treat patients well. As per the
direction of NHS all hospitals make necessary changes in their care services that support in
providing quality care services to patients. Maximum respondents are satisfied with the
guidelines of the national health service body because they think that their direction and
13

indicative assist in making changes in existing care services. By this, patients also get good care
in the hospitals that reduce mortality rate in the care homes.
Theme 2: Clinical staff is proving proper care to patients
Yes 10
No 5
Table 2Clinical staff is proving proper care to patients
Figure 2: Clinical staff is proving proper care to patients
Interpretation: From the discussion, it is found that 10 of 15 respondents have viewed that
clinical staff members are providing good care to patients in the hospitals. They have said that
medical professionals are highly skilled and experienced. They analyse the situation of users and
accordingly provide them necessary treatment. It assists in minimizing death rate in the hospitals.
On another hand 5 out of 15 answers have viewed that they are not agreed with the point that
clinical staff is providing proper care to patients. They have discussed their experience that when
any user come to hospitals then doctors do not examine them properly and give them medicine
14

without identifying their health issue. That is why death ratio is quite high in most of the care
homes.
They have said that there are many medical professionals those who have not appropriate
knowledge and they are treating patients with traditional techniques. That is why patients are not
satisfied with the working of clinical staff members. From the discussion, it can be interpreted
that in the UK there are many hospitals in which practitioners are paying close attention to
service users. Nurses give them proper care and take care of their health so that individual can
recover soon. That helps in minimizing death rate and improving the health of society members.
But still, there are some care homes where doctors and other medical staff members do not
examine patients properly and that decreases trust of patients as well. They do not share their
health problems with those doctors because they think that they will not get the right treatment.
From the discussion, it is analysed that there are good and skilled practitioners those who are
able to provide quality care to patients but due to poor legislation and guidelines, they are unable
to give proper care to users. That also impacts on their health sector because care users do not
discuss their feeling with doctors. It is fact that if patients do not disclose their medical condition
to the clinical staff members then the medical professional will not be able to understand their
situation well. In this condition, they will not be able to provide them proper care that can help in
their recovery.
It has been analysed that NHS is having more than 1.5 billion people as their employees.
The England based NHS includes 150,273 doctors, 40,584 practitioners, 314,966 nurses, 18,862
staff for an ambulance and 111,127 hospitals the funding for NHS directly comes from the tax
paid by the citizens. Budget pass for all hospitals is not enough to improve care services of
hospitals. Most of the medical professionals have not sufficient resources that can help them in
15

treating patients well. In the absence of resources, they feel unable to give proper care to them.
That is also one reason that clinical staff is not providing proper care to patients. From the
discussion, it can be said that it is the duty of practitioners that to give quality services to patients
and for that, they have to put their hard efforts. Apart from this, there is required to supervise
their operations so that every care user gets quality care and their health can get improved soon.
Theme 3: NHS is getting sufficient public fund for development in health care services.
Yes 5
No 8
Not sure 2
Table 3: NHS is getting sufficient public fund for development in health care services
Figure 3: NHS is getting sufficient public fund for development in health care services.
Interpretation: From the discussion, it is found that 8 out of 15 respondents have said that NHS
is not getting sufficient funds for the development of health and social care services. National
health service is the government body which is responsible for improving health care services in
16

the society. This body gets financial resources from public funds. But still, it is fact that it is not
getting sufficient funds from the government. That is why most of the hospitals are unable to
improve their care services. They have not financial resources to adopt the latest medical
equipment. That is why they are unable to modify their treatment procedures. On another hand 5
out of 15 answers have viewed that NHS is getting sufficient public funds for development in
health care services. They have said that amount collected from a tax is used in developing care
services of health care sector. Government passes the good budget to this sector so that death rate
from the nation can be decreased. On another hand 2 out of 15 participants are not sure on this
matter that whether NHS is getting sufficient funds or not.
From the discussion, it can be interpreted that authorities are passing funds to improve
medical care services. But due to a poor system, sufficient funds do not reach to hospitals. By
this way, concern authorities fail to improve medical services in the health care sector. That is
why People are unable to get good care in the care homes. Maximum participants have given a
response to this question that NHS is not getting sufficient funds for the development of care
services. Funds that are collected from taxes are reused for development of the country. Overall
amount that is received by authorities is not that much enough to meet with various needs of the
population. Nowadays environment is changing continuously, the population is increasing to a
great extent. Environmental changes increased chances of disease among human being. In such
condition, it has become very difficult for medical professionals that to provide quality care
services to patients. For providing quality care to patient's practitioners are required the latest
medical equipment's and they need training as well. But due to insufficient funds, higher
authorities are unable to arrange good training sessions for senior and junior doctors. Thus, there
are many practitioners those who have no knowledge of these technologies. Due to insufficient
17

funds NHS is unable to develop services of organizations and that directly impact on the health
of human being because they do not get timely care in the hospitals. From the overall discussion,
it can be interpreted that NHS is not getting sufficient funds for development in the medical
sector. This body is getting the financial resource for improvement but this amount is not enough
for the improvement in the care services. All latest technical equipment's and other services are
quite costly. It is required to provide more funds to hospitals so that they can improve their
services and can provide quality treatment to patients.
Theme 4: Main problem currently faced by NHS
Lack of financial resources 4
High cost 2
Closure of local services due to centralisation
drivers
3
Increasing population and changing health care
needs
5
Poor legislation of medical and clinical trials 1
Table 4: Main problem currently faced by NHS
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Figure 4: Main problem currently faced by NHS
Interpretation: From the discussion, it is found that 4 out of 15 answers have viewed that lack of
financial resources is the main issue in health care sector. That creates a problem for NHS and
due to poor funds, it is unable to develop medical services in hospitals. On another hand 2 out of
15 respondents has said that due to a high cost of medical equipment's government is unable to
implement all these facilities in care homes. That is the main problem among hospitals that they
do not have sufficient medical equipment's thus, they have to treat patients with traditional
methods. That decreases satisfaction level of users and they become negative towards the
particular hospital. 3 out of 15 participants have viewed that closure of local services due to
centralisation drivers is the major issue faced by NHS. It has been analysed that centralization
creates problem for local medical professionals because they do not get rights to take a decision.
They have to wait for high authority's instruction. That creates the problem in providing timely
care to patients. That is the main problem that society members do not trust on hospitals and
doctors. If higher authorities give power to doctors to make a good decision on the spot then it
will support in giving quality care to patients. These centralization problems create huge trouble
19

in the medical industry and closures of local services decreases the level of treatment in
hospitals.
On another hand 5 out of 15 respondents have viewed that population in the nation is
increasing rapidly. To handle such large population NHS does not have sufficient medical
professionals. Apart from this, needs of each patient are different from others. It has become very
difficult for the practitioners to meet requirements of such a large optional. Due to this, they are
unable to make necessary changes in the medical sector. Because some changes are not enough
to meet requirements of all people. 1 out of 15 answers has said that poor legislation is another
issue faced by NHS. It has been analysed that regulations of government are not good and due to
poor laws medical professionals are unable to give quality care to patients.
From the discussion, it can be interpreted that increasing population, changing needs and
lack of financial resources are major issues that are currently faced by national health services.
These elements are creating trouble for the authorities to improve health care services. Due to
lack of financial resources, they are unable to implement the latest medical equipment in the
hospitals. In addition, higher authorities have not enough funds to arrange proper training to
these staff members. In the absence of sufficient funds, NHS authorities are unable to hire good
doctors as well. Apart from this, increasing population is creating a problem for NHS as well. It
is very difficult to meet requirements of such a large population. Both these are major issues that
need to be resolved soon.
Theme 5: Proper utilization of public funds is essential for NHS
Strongly agree 7
Agree 5
Disagree 1
20

Strongly disagree 0
Table 5: Proper utilization of public funds is essential for NHS
Figure 5: Proper utilization of public funds is essential for NHS
Interpretation: From the discussion, it is found that 7 out of 15 respondents have said that
utilization of public funds is very important in the health care sector. It has been analysed that if
NHS use this fund properly then they will be able to get optimal results. On another hand 5 out
of 15 answers have said that they are agreed with the point that by utilizing funds effectively
government can improve medical services of hospitals. 1 respondent has said that individual
disagrees with this point that effective utilization can make any improvement in the medical
services. From the discussion, it can be interpreted that effective utilization of funds is very
important in each sector. That can support in minimizing wastage and can reduce the cost of the
company. In health care sector, also it has become essential for authorities to allocate funds to
each department properly so that they can make improvement in their care services.
21

It is found that NHS transformation took place in 2013 and after that, the payment
methods have been underpinned by the legislation. At the time NHS was launched, the total
budget was £437 million and in 2016 the budget was approximately £116.4 billion. This budget
was not sufficient for providing quality care services to patients. But it was assumed that in
further years the government will allocate more funds to this sector and will contribute well in
the development of medical services. But somehow authorities have allotted funds but it was not
utilized properly. That has created the situation that most of the hospitals were unable to
implement advanced machinery for treating patients well.
It has been analysed that advanced technology and innovative equipment require more
investments that are why authorities are unable to make changes in the system. It was also
estimated that if the organization is making any radical changes in the health care system then
there will be £30 million funding gap by the end of 2020. That will defiantly impact on the
economic condition of NHS. It is assumed that due to this coming five years will be very crucial
for the organization because it will see the huge transformation in the health and service sector.
The demand for care and treatment is rapidly increasing, that is the reason NHS is keeping
people alive for the longest time. Their resources need stability if they have to overcome the
challenges. The organization must improve the health care services for local people by utilizing
their resources more effectively. If NHS authorities do not utilize these funds properly then it
will affect the overall working of health care sector. Due to this, patients will not get proper
treatment and it will enhance death rate in the hospitals. It is essential to utilize allotted funds
properly so that overall working of the medical sector can be improved and patients can get
quality care in the hospitals.
Theme 6: Main changes have been made by NHS to improve medical services
22

Changes in regulations 5
Training to practitioners 3
Effective utilization of resources 6
Others 1
Table 6: Main changes have been made by NHS to improve medical services
Figure 6: Main changes have been made by NHS to improve medical services
Interpretation: From the discussion, it is found that 5 out of 15 participants have viewed that
changes in regulations are the main step that has been made by NHS authorities in order to
improve medical services of hospitals. On another hand 3 out of 15 answers have viewed that
training to practitioners is the main action that has been taken by concern authorities. It is
analysed that by providing necessary training to medical staff members, their skills have been
improved. Now they are aware of current legislation and standards. That is why they are able to
provide quality care services to patients. It is the essential and effective action that has helped in
minimizing mistakes and improving care services in the hospitals.
23

On another hand 6 out of 30 respondents have said that effective utilization of funds is
the main changes that have been made by NHS in health and social care sector. Now authorities
have hired skilled people those who have great experience of utilization of funds and
management of financial resources. By this way, each medical department is able to get
sufficient funds. That has helped in implementing good equipment in the hospitals. By this way
now patients are getting quality services by medical professionals.
From the discussion, it can be interpreted that NHS will not carry out those operations
which are unable to provide quality care to patients. Concern authorities are planning that
doctors have to make sure that patient is aware of all the circumstances. This can increase the
trust of the care uses. NHS have to raise funds and save at least £22 billion a year so that
authorities can utilize these funds in the improvement in treatment practices. This changes in
medical care services have helped in providing quality care services to care users. That is why
now doctors are able to satisfy needs of patients to great extent. The government have to make
sure that they are deploying the best workforce in NHS to provide high quality and effective
services. These effective changes in the health and social care sector are helpful in improving
quality of services and meeting needs of users.
24

CONCLUSION
From these objectives, it can be concluded that NHS has explored various areas so that they
can raise their funds through private services. They have focussed on providing various services
to the public so that they can get better treatment services. The organisation has also focused on
increasing their facilities so that public will get all the medical facilities at the proper time. The
health care sector has faced financial issues which have demotivated it in increasing its facilities.
Due to lack of capital availability, they are facing many problems. It has given focus on fund
management facilities so that they can able to meet the requirements and essential need of their
patients.
NHS has found out various challenging condition which helped them to overcome them.
They have provided various guidelines to provide quality service to the patients. It has helped the
professional to provide the best services to their patients. Many medical bodies have applied for
advanced equipment’s which helped doctors and clinical staff to provide the best care to their
patients and reduce health issues. The clinical staff of NHS is providing proper care to their
patients which have increased the health and trust of the patients towards NHS services. Experts
and skilled staff members of the hospital are providing the best treatment to their patients by
analysing their problems in better way. The clinical staff has gained success in lowering the
death ratio of the patients.
The NHS is facing the challenge from its improper management of funds in a proper
direction. This has created problems in proper resource allocation which in turn decreases their
profits. Further, the organisation is facing the challenge from Brexit. The health care organisation
has to pay more tariffs and exporting charges which have created a great problem for them to
operate at global and international level. This has also created problem financial crises because
25

the organisation expenditure has increased its production. The healthcare industry is facing more
problems due to increasing debts and loans. This has adversely affected the profits and revenue
of the healthcare sector.
Privatisation has adversely affected NHS resources as they have forced the organisation to
adopt various policies and modifications in their existing plans. The private health care has to
provide various incentives and other benefits to their employees which have affected NHS as it is
not able to provide various benefits to their employees. This has created the problem for the NHS
as they are losing their employees confidence and trust towards them. The privatisation has
negatively affected the employment and working conditions. The workers are more attracted
towards private clinics as they get better payment Ans chance to develop their skills.
It is concluded that fund generation to manage resources is not effectively done by the
NHS. The healthcare industry has faced many problems due to improper management of funds.
Moreover, NHS is not getting sufficient funds for the development of health care services but
due to improper distribution of these funds by their top authorities. The organisation is facing the
problem of shortage of resources because their top management authority is not providing proper
funds to them. This has directly affected the service quality of treatments as no advanced
technical equipment are available to the staff members of NHS. This has adversely affected the
patients and their death rates.
Further, the health care industry is facing the problem of overpopulation and changing
health care needs. Increase in the number of patients and their various kinds of diseases have
affected the quality services of the organisation. Different kinds of diseases require high costs
medicines, vaccines and operations. This will cost more to NHS and they have to recruit
different experts to operate the complex diseases. They demand more from the NHS to provide
26

their best treatment to the patients. The organisation has to provide the best technical and
accommodation facilities to the doctors so that they can be motivated to provide the best
treatment to their patients. Further, NHS has to make proper management to arrange their funds
so that they can prevent from debts. This will help them to get out from their debts and increase
patients trust and confidence towards them.
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that NHS has to explore areas which can increase their funds by using
private services. This will help them to increase their revenue and assist them to overcome their
weaknesses. The health care organisation has to pay more attention towards their services and
employees. It has to hire skilled and talented employees so that they can provide better services
to the patients and help them to improve their health. Further, effective staff will increase their
efficiency and help them to increase their profits. It is also recommended that the organisation
has to provide guidelines so that other employees and professionals to provide the best quality of
services to the patients.
NHS has to make proper strategies to reform the health care system in the UK. This will
increase their profits and help them to win the trust of their patients. The organisation has to
provide training to the staff members regularly which will help them to improve their
performance. This will help them to understand the working culture and new technologies of the
health care. Various training to staff members will help them to understand their problems and
improve their performance. Effective understanding of the employees about their task will help
them to increase their understandability level which helps them to provide the best facilities to
the patients. The organisation has to conduct various seminars and practical training programs so
that all the employees will be able to understand the changing needs and demands of their
27

patients. They must be given training which will explain the future objectives of NHS. These
training sessions help the staff members of providing best services during emergency cases.
It is recommended that the company has to ensure that they are getting sufficient public funds
which will help them to increase their health care services. They have to make sure that
government employees are not cheating them and are providing proper funds to NHS. Due to
insufficient funds, NHS is not able to provide different and best treatments to their patients. They
are also facing problems in allocating advanced and proper resources to the doctors and staff
members. This, in turn, affect their efficiency and productivity. Due to lack of proper resources
at the proper time will lead to the death of the patients. They have to make sure that they are
getting all benefits from government policies. This will motivate NHS employees to explore their
areas and provide best services to the people.
The health care industry has to evaluate its coming challenges and risks in advance so
that they can properly deal with them and ready to face their consequences. This will help them
to reduce their loss. The organisation has to make sure that all kind of people are receiving the
same facility in their area and there is no partiality in providing best services between higher and
lower-class people. Partiality will create disputes and conflicts between patients and staff
members. Further, it is recommended that health care services have to be updated with new kind
of diseases so that they can provide better services to their patients. The organisation has to adopt
various changes to increase improve their medical services. They have to keep update with new
technologies and equipment’s which can reduce their costs and help them to provide various
facilities to their patients at a lower rate. This will reduce organisations expenses which will
directly help the patients.
28

Furthermore, it is recommended that NHS has to be prepared to face the challenges from
Brexit which increases their expenditure. They have to make proper strategies which will help
them to balance their budget while paying for tariffs and exporting charges. The organisation has
to analyse their performance at least once in a month so that they can have an idea where they
stand in the market and what is their position in terms of revenues. This will help NHS to
evaluate their weak areas and other weaknesses. The organisation has to provide various changes
to their staff members also to make decisions which will assist them to make effective strategies
to overcome the problems of their patients. NHS has to encourage the government to pass good
budget policies which will help them to increase their revenue and provide effective treatment to
the public. It has to motivate their patients to take safety measures and precautions to make their
health their better. They have to motivate its patients as well as the public to do yoga and
exercise every day which will help them to prevent from dangerous diseases like diabetes, sugar,
asthma, heart attacks, blood pressure etc. Moreover, it is recommended that National health
service has to measure their growth and success rate so that they can increase their profits and
revenues which will directly benefit the patients to afford expensive treatments and medical
services.
29

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Appendix A
Questionnaire
Name
Age
Gender
1. Do you think guidelines of NHS are effective in order to provide quality services to patients?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
2. Do you think that clinical staff is proving proper care to patients?
 Yes
 No
3. Does NHS is getting sufficient public fund for the development of health care services?
 Yes
 No
 Not sure
4. What is the main problem which is currently faced by NHS?
 Lack of financial resources
 High cost
 Closure of local services due to centralisation drivers
 Increasing population and evolving health care needs
 Poor legislation of medical and clinical trials
5. Do you think that proper utilization of public funds is essential for NHS?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
6. What are the main changes that have been made by NHS to improve medical services for
patients?
 Changes in regulations
33