Critical Infrastructure Authorities Assignment 2022

Running Head: CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AUTHORITIES
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AUTHORITIES
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note:

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AUTHORITIES1
The Code of United States of America (USC) is the official codified law including the
federal statutes which are applicable in United States. It contains 54 titles of which title 53 is
being reserved. The laws which are not codified in the USC is codified and contained in the
United Stated Statutes at Large. This US Statute at Large is strictly chronologically arranged
including all the laws spread across in various volumes. Therefore, it becomes difficult to
research any matter with US State at Large as a tool. The applicability and validity of the law
and its provisions has to be first researched only then further research can be done.
In 2001, the US Patriot Act 2001 was brought into action by President Bush, which is a
comprehensive collection of provisions referring the anti-terrorism provisions and laws
regulating the same. The objective of the enactment of such law is to improve the national
security, improve the scrutiny of terrorism groups and activities and fighting illegal activities like
money laundering which is a serious threat to national economy. The United States vs. Antoine
Jones (2012) 565 US 400 is one of the biggest critique of the application of the Act where the
conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court on the grounds of jeoparding the Constitutional
rights of the suspects due to monitoring provisions laid down in the Patriot Act. Further, the
Electronic Privacy Information Center has criticized the law stating that it gives an uncontrolled
authority to the FBI to invade private communications of law-abiding American citizens. Section
209, 212 and 220 has been debated to be modified for violating title III wiretap order and not
recognizing the importance of serving notice under the Fourth Amendment under Title III which
relates to wiretap. This included one of the biggest controversies of use of National Scrutiny
Letters where FBI were allowed to search all the conversational medium of the people without
the court’s order. This was strongly criticized by American Civil Liberties Union for violating
Constitutional right to privacy (Kissling 2016).