Impact of Leadership and Management in Organizational Success - A Case Study of Apple Inc.

This report explores the impact of leadership and management in the success of Apple Inc. It discusses the importance of effective leadership and management styles, compares different theories and models, and analyzes key performance metrics in the organizational sector. The report also highlights the organizational leadership and management performance of Apple Inc.

Leadership evaluation
report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Leadership and management play a crucial role in the organisation. Accompany get
success and growth with the use of effective and creative management and leadership styles.
With the use of effective management theory they get sustainable growth. In the same way
creative leadership types is making the organisation innovative. This report is focused on
impact of leadership and management. For that purpose a leader and management need to to
develop some important qualities and skills. This report also focusing on comparison between
leadership and management styles.

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................4
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................5
TASK.........................................................................................................................................5
Analysis and comparison of leadership and management.....................................................5
Key performance metrics of organizational sector/market/industry......................................8
Organizational leadership and management performance.....................................................9
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................11
Books and Journals:.............................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Today's business environment becomes very competitive and complex in which
organisation faces many challenges to deal with them. In order to deal with challenges and
complexity it is identified that leadership and management please a crucial role in this
scenario. Leadership and management are most important elements that should be effectively
used by organisation in order to achieve their objectives and goals (Nguyễn, Hallinger and
Chen, 2018). A company cannot run without management because it is necessary for every
person who involved in operations and functions of organisation that they should know about
their roles and responsibilities clearly. Management of organisation gives clear instructions to
the members of company by guiding in their roles and responsibility. Management of the
company make sure that everything is managed in the operations of business. Leadership
skills are the best supportive part for management. Management gives orders to the
subordinate level and leadership delegates on work with according to management but with
their soft skills.
Effective leadership makes the balance between management and their subordinate so
that employees cannot feel any pressure. Management tools concerned with the all
administrative activities that means they take all important decisions whereas leadership
make a path for achieving organisational objectives through motivating and inspiring
employees. For the success and sustainable growth of organisation it is identify that
leadership and management both are important to effectively run organisation. In this context,
Apple is undertaken to show the effectiveness of leadership and management in the success
of company (Drew and Pandit, 2020). Apple Inc. is the company of America that has
headquartered in Cupertino, California. It develops, design and manufacture consumer
electronic items such as mobile phones. This report shows the impact of leadership and
management in the company which always assist to successfully deal with the challenges. It
also covers some important theories and models of management and leadership.

MAIN BODY
TASK
Analysis and comparison of leadership and management
Management
Management is process that performed by a manager to manage all activities Related
to the organisation. A company without management cannot run their business because it is
the process which manages all small to large activities (Zheng, Wu and Xie, 2017). Apple is
the multinational company which run their business not only in America but also in many
other countries. So they always need a good management system which makes shows that
their all stores are linked with the organisation goals. There are many types of management
theories which helps organisation to manage business activities. Some of the important
theories and model are mentioned below:
Scientific management theory
This theory was developed by Frederick Taylor that focuses on increasing the
efficiency and productivity of employees. According to him, to give pressure on employees is
not appropriate as they have to measure performance with the use of scientific and
mathematical equipments with making the task simple and easy. It is an effective theory
because it focuses on increasing the productivity and efficiency.
Theory X and Theory Y
The founder of this theory was Douglas McGregor which concerned with two
important concept that are theory X and theory Y (Faizan, Nair and Haque, 2018). Theory X
concern with authoritarian is style in which leader give some motivation to increase the
efficiency of employees. Whereas theory Y is concerned with participating style in which
employees have curiosity to learn something good which adopted by a manager to identify
the ways that how they can motivated employees.
Contingency management theory

It is a theory in which a management of organisation always focus to find the best
approach that assistant solving their problems. This theory states that there is no single
approach which suits to every organisation.
From the above discussion of management theory, it is identified that Apple used
theory X and theory Y in order to increase employee’s motivation towards a company goals
and objectives.
Leadership
Leadership is the process in which leader at as an inspirer, guider, motivator, etc. A
person who always coordinates between management and subordinate level is known as a
leader. Leadership has many important theories that are discussing below:
Great man theory
It is the theory that always concerned with a person who has inbuilt traits and skills of
a leader that means a leader is born (Pieterse and et. al., 2019). This theory also known as a
trait theory. This theory states that a person who has inner traits and skills of a leader should
deserve a position.
Behaviour theory
Behaviour theory states that a leader cannot bear that means they develop their
abilities and skills accordingly (van Assen, 2020). This theory is based on learnable
behaviour of a person that it wants to learn skills and knowledge of a leader. This tour is very
beneficial in the organisation which believes that it a person can develop skills and
knowledge if they want to become a successful leader.
Power theory
It is concerned with the power and position of a leader which influence their results
and outcomes. A leader should successfully use their power in order to complete the task
within time period. With the use of this theory in organisation they are able to achieve their
goals.

There are many types of leadership styles that used by organisation which are
mentioned below:
Participative leadership style
It is the style in which a leader focuses on participation of each and every member in
organisation that helps to motivate towards organisational objectives (Liu, 2020). A leader
cannot take any decision without discussing with their subordinate members.
Authoritarian leadership style
In this is style a leader provide orders to their subordinate members which should be
followed by employees. They cannot give their participation in the leader’s decision making
process. This is style is followed in a hierarchy organisational structure as it is very formal.
Apple is now focusing on adopting democratic leadership style so that they can
increase the participation of their employees to motivate themselves. Formerly, they used
autocratic leadership but now they change.
Difference between leadership and management
Basis Leadership Management
Meaning It is the process in which a
person act as a leader who to
integrate individual goal with
organisational goal (Leotta,
Rizza and Ruggeri, 2017).
Management is the core of
business so that's why it
becomes important for company
that they have to develop a
effective management system. it
is the activity that manages all
operations.
Purpose The purpose of leadership was
to increase the productivity and
efficiency of employees.
The purpose of management is
to managers all activities which
a system to achieve

organisational goals
(Rutigliano, Starr-Glass and
Benedetto, 2017).
Theory and models Leadership has many styles
such as authoritarian,
democratic, lassiez faire, etc.
Theories and models of
management are scientific
management theory, human
relations theory, theory X and
theory Y, etc.
Organisational impact Apple makes their leader
creative and ethical so that they
can found best innovative
solutions for the sustainable
growth and success.
Apple makes their management
strong and effective so that they
can effectively order to their
subordinates in the context of
achieving goals.
Key performance metrics of organizational sector/market/industry
Key performance metrics are also known as key performance indicators that measure
the organisational performance with the help of net profit, current ratio, etc. So key
performance metrics are playing a very important role in the organization as they provide
information to the company (Pearson, Ryan and MacVicar, 2018). Apple is the very large
organisation that always need to use key performance indicators so that they can make sure
about their success in growth. It is identified that Apple can measure by viewing their market
share in the market which shows their performance. It also used for analysing the
performance of employees that they are productive or not. Apple is using a very good KPI
which is always SMART that means specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timing.
Some important key performance indicators are revenue per client, client retention rate, profit
margin, accounts receivable turnover, debt to equity ratio, opex to sales ratio, etc. Apple uses
some important key performance indicators that are customer satisfaction, market share,
employee commitment, shareholder value and core competencies. All of the gives benefits to
a company which are explain below:

 Company are able to satisfy their customers’ needs and wants. Deccan successfully
meets the expectations of customers.
 Employee’s commitment helps to deal with all uncertainty and risk which can be
come from external and internal sources.
 Increasing in market share shows them that their functions and operations are
effectively performed by employees.
 With use of best business strategy they can take competitive advantage which assists
them to grow more.
Organizational leadership and management performance
It is identified from the present growth and success of Apple that they have a best
management and leadership structure which always motivates them towards innovation.
Apple is the company that well known for innovation, in which every employee or member
plays a crucial role (Brauckmann, Pashiardis and Ärlestig, 2020). Due to their innovation
strategy, data get the whole market which makes them competitive and leader of the business
world. No other company can give a tough competition to Apple as per the present scenario.
The adoptions of functional structure in the organisation they are successfully give focus on
innovation which is the key of success. They use functional structure but they are not always
rely on one structure that means Apple can change their structure according to the need of
market. Their innovation is mainly depending on their organisational leadership and
management performance.
Apple is the best company in world from which every organisation need to take lesson
that how they can perform their activities which give the success and growth continuously.
Apple provides best product services to the customers that need to understand by other
organisation. It is possible only because of them management system. It is not only managing
all activities related to the organisation but it gives main focus on their employee’s
performance. A company can get success only because of their employees (Rubens and et.
al., 2018). That's why it becomes very necessary that a company need to manage their
performance. Performance management is a process in which a company provides
documentation, accountability and feedback to the employees. It's really helpful for
employees to use their talent in order to achieve organisational goals and objectives. It
basically concerned with the plan, measures, and monitors and enhances employees'
performance. Every organisation has a different performance management system which

suited to their working environment. Apple focusing on using of management theory X and
theory Y, which always give motivation to their employees so that they can increase your
productivity and efficiency. They are concerned with management style and leadership style.
The success of any business is only depends on the management system of a company. That's
why Apple makes a best management system with the use of effective management theories.
Apple's organisational leadership: The leadership is the key of success because to
get innovation they need highly expertise leaders which have a great knowledge about
software. It cannot be possible without a leader. Their leadership gives two important views.
First view states that a company provide products at very high prices which cannot be offered
by anyone but is still they are competing in the market (Raziq and et. al., 2018). It becomes
possible only because of their leadership which gives suggestions and motivation to the
employees that they have to expertise in technologies that any other competitors cannot beat
them. Due to their view, the leadership has the great knowledge and expertise in technology
which gives them success.
Secondly, Apple gives commitment to their potential buyers that they are providing
best product in the market which cannot be copied by any other organisation. This is the main
reason where customers feel very luxurious that they have a Smartphone of Apple. Apple
gives bonuses to their research and development executive not on the basis of their short term
and long term profits but they give bonuses due to their search of technology. Their type of
leadership becomes very effective. It just not gives motivation but it increase the performance
of their key members of organisation. Formerly their CEO i.e. Steve Jobs focuses and
following autocratic leadership. But as per the new CEO, it is found that according to him
democratic leadership becomes more effective. They always focus on three main
characteristics and their leaders that are deep expertise, collaborative debate, and immersion
in details. For this type of leadership, a leader should have to develop some important skills
that are decision making, communication, problem solving, building relationships,
identifying future opportunities and innovations, understanding of business environment,
think strategically, etc.
From the above discussion it is clearly seeing that organisational leadership and
management performance of Apple is very effective. An organisation which wants to get a
sustainable growth and success then they have to be use effective leadership and management

structure (Temelkova, 2018). Both plays a crucial role is it guides member of organisation by
encouraging them towards achievement of organisational goals and objectives. It is analysed
that Apple is not rely on one fixed management and leadership theory as they are concerned
with situations. That means they use or adopt any theory according to the situation.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the discussion of management and leadership that both are
the key elements of success of any organisation. It becomes necessary e that company need to
use leadership and management effectively which assist them to provide a clarity between
operations. Management should be very strong so that administrative authority can take some
important decisions such as investments and give order to their subordinate levels. The duty
of management is that they need to identify the necessity and requirements of a company.
After that they have to arrange and manage all things properly so that no one can feel any
problem. They have to identify all the risk and uncertainty which can be affecting their
organisation structure. It is very necessary for the organisation that they have to manage all
things very smoothly. It is obvious that external environment get impacts on organisation.
This becomes a reason for using effective management theory. It is necessary that they have
to adopt a theory which is appropriately analysed and evaluate.
There are many types of stories that can be adopted by companies such as theory X
and theory Y, Contingency management theory, human relation theory, etc. These theories
become very popular in the success and growth of a company. Leadership is also important as
it gives a clear path to employees for performing well in the organisation. Leadership gives
motivation to the employees that day increased their productivity because it is not beneficial
for only company as it is similar beneficial to employee. Company get employee’s high
performance only with the help of leadership. Leadership has many styles such as
participative, autocratic, free rein leadership, etc. It becomes very helpful for a company
success and growth.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
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Liu, Y., 2020. Focusing on the practice of distributed leadership: The international evidence
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Pearson, A., Ryan, C. and MacVicar, R., 2018. Preliminary programme evaluation of the
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