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WAN Technologies: Dial-up, Broadband, Frame Relay, ADSL, ISDN

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Added on  2019-09-20

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This article critically evaluates the features, advantages, and disadvantages of WAN technologies including Dial-up, Broadband, Frame Relay, ADSL, and ISDN. It also discusses the importance of Quality of Service (QoS) in network design with particular reference to VoIP, video streaming, and audio streaming.

WAN Technologies: Dial-up, Broadband, Frame Relay, ADSL, ISDN

   Added on 2019-09-20

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Critically calculate the following WAN Technologies:Dial-upBroadbandFrame RelayAsymmetric Digital Subscriber LineIntegrated Services Digital NetworkDial-upDialup connectivity is done through the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), which is composed of multiple telephone carriers from around the world. Although the bandwidth available on the PSTN is limited, it is more likely to be available in a given location than other wired WAN solutions. A dialup connection can be used to access the Internet by connecting a computer to a modem, connecting the modem to an analog phone line, and dialing in to a service provider. The service provider can then connect to the Internet. Modems in the United States and Canada are limited to 53.3Kbps download and 48.0 Kbps upload.BroadbandBroadband refers to telecommunication that provides multiple channels of data over a single communications medium, typically using same form of frequency or wave division multiplexing.
WAN Technologies: Dial-up, Broadband, Frame Relay, ADSL, ISDN_1
Frame RelayFrame Relay is a very high speed and high performance in WAN Technology. Frame Relay that operates at the physical and data link layers of the OSI model and facilitates information transfer from one user device to another over multiple switches and routers. Frame relay which is based on packet switching and that is designed for the data transmission between LAN and WAN. The user will have a private or leased line to a Frame Relay node.Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line1Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a technology for transmitting digital information at a high bandwidth on existing phone lines to homes and business. ADSL include a channel for analog voice conversations, a channel for uploads, and a channel for downloads. Download rates range from 1.5 to 9 Mbps and it upload bandwidth from 16 to 640 Kbps. It is called asymmetrical because the download channel is faster than the upload channel. ADSL transmissions work at distances up to 18000 feet (5488 meters) over a single copper twisted pair.Integrated Services Digital NetworkIntegrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), the basic network system of early WAN protocols, provides digitized phone connectivity and enables high speed transmission of voice, data, video and graphics across standard communication lines at the same time throughbearer channels. ISDN can be transmitted through packet switched networks, and other types of networks besides telephone networks. ISDN service comprises two basic types, namely basic Rate Interface (BRI) and Primary Rate Interface (PRI). While BRI contains a total 160 kb/s for use of individual users, PRI offers a total of 1536 kb/s and is designed for users who require more capacity, such as large Enterprises.
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Multiprotocol Layer Switching (MPLS)Multiprotocol layer switching is a network management protocol which is orginaly intended to integrate layer 2 information about the network links (bandwidth, latency, ultilization) into layer 3 (IP) elemets within a particular system. MPLS supports a secure and resilient private VPN for inter-site connectivity. Interior Routing Protocols Interior gate way protocol is a routing protocol which is used in routing within an autonomous system (AS) number. IGP is a dynamic routing protocol which keep track of route used to move data from one end system to another inside a network or set of networks that was administrated.Exterior Routing ProtocolsExterior Gateway protocol is used for transfer data and information between autonomous systems. It is also known as BGP (Border Gateway Protocol). The BGP is the only currently viable EGP and it is the official routing protocol used by the internet or gateway. Router that uses EGP maintains the information about all the IP addresses assigned to the devices, best path to a particular network and cost metrics.Static Routing A router with manually configured routing tables is known as the static routing. Static routes provide additional route information to router. Static routing is not a routing protocol but it is manuly configure and selection of a network route by managing network administarator. RoutersA router is the specialized networking device connected to two or more networks running software that allows the router to move data from one network to another. A router is able to both send and receive packets of information from computer networks.Layer 2 Aggregators Layer 2 switch is the kind of device that redirects data messages at layer 2 level, using the destination Media Access Cotrol (MAC) address to determine where to direct the message. ServersServers is the computer designed to process requests and deliver data to another computer (client) over a local network or the Internet. Servers are typically configured with the additional processors, memory and stroage capacity to handle the load of servicing clients. Cabling System
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