UK Counter-Terrorism Efforts: An Analysis

The assignment analyzes various aspects of counter-terrorism efforts in the UK, including books and journals on the topic, as well as online resources. It also explores specific cases and policies such as the Prevent duty, terrorism-related arrests, and deaths due to terrorism in the UK. The document aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the UK's approach to combating terrorism.

Critically consider national (UK)
efforts to combat terrorism

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
Actions taken by military in relation terrorism ..........................................................................1
Death due to terrorism in the UK................................................................................................1
Terrorism related arrests.............................................................................................................2
Funds from government .............................................................................................................3
Prevention approach....................................................................................................................3
Funding, legislation and different approach................................................................................4
Response to radicalization...........................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Terrorism represents actual danger of political orientation, rule of jurisprudence as well
as employment of human rights. It must be negative by interference as well as suppressions. Still,
poorly applied and overly counter-terrorism assess can be counter productive (Somers, 2019).
Counter terrorism integrates military tactics, practices, methods and strategy which government,
law social control as well as ability agencies utilise to conflict or forbid act of terrorism. Report
will explain the different actions taken by military in terms of terrorism. It will identify the
prevent strategy, ethical issues, funding from government, other legislation in relation to reduce
terrorism attacks in the UK.
MAIN BODY
Actions taken by military in relation terrorism
In the constricting sense, Britain's modern army involvement have raised hazard of fear
operations in United Kingdom which broadly accepted. The most of Britain's security, defence
and diplomatic people readily accept which raised terror fear inside the UK follows after any
military intervention in predominantly Muslim nation. The fear from al-Qaeda will raise at attack
of any army activity against Iraq (Does military intervention increase the terror threat, 2017).
The international fear from other Islamist violent units as well as single persons will raise
importantly which involving against UK military marks there in event of war with Iraq. Also, it
is true that resulting British army activity overseas involving in Libya which has been utilised by
immoderate to maintain further massacre of innocents in the United Kingdom.
If king among British military involvement and raised hazard of fright operations in
Britain which is not seriously disputed (Murphy, 2015). There are largely in international policy
pursued with assessed of public supports, to secure civilian populations involving Muslim
majority from mass murder.
Death due to terrorism in the UK
Terrorism in the UK postures important threats to state. There have been different reasons
of terrorist act in United Kingdom. There are 379 people in UK had been in remission for
terrorist act connected offensive with 123 of them being changed from June 2016 to June 2017.
in order to that, there were 3262 victims of terrorist act in time period (Deaths due to terrorism
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in the UK, 2018). The majority of deaths among 1970 and 1990 in Northern Ireland which is
86%.
Terrorism related arrests
An taking into custody is terrorist act incidental to if either at time of arrest or during any
consequent research and police constable suspects the arrested person to be included in terrorism.
The number of terrorism related arrested created in great Britain since 2001 compassed
limitation in 2016/17 with 304 arrests (Terrorism related arrests, 2018). There were 412 arrests
due to terrorism in year up to 31 December 2017.
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Illustration 1: Deaths due to terrorism in the UK
Source: (Deaths due to terrorism in the UK, 2018)

Funds from government
When terrorist incidents happen, it can be difficult for the people affected to get financial
aid from insurance bodies. This fund that set up at the request of the government by which given
an immediate payment of £3000 to aid people recover from the incident. This allotment supports
people in immediate consequence of an incident (Relief fund for UK victims of terrorism
overseas, 2018). It is not compensation for what victims have suffered. In order to that,
government has introduced statutory scheme which gives victims of terrorism longer term
financial support to cover loss of earning, compensation and expenditure. Many of organizations
give supports for people who are suffering form the terrorism in the United Kingdom. Also,
government give support for them. The preclude approach is one pattern of counter-terrorism
concept of the UK which is called as CONTEST. The significance of prevent strategy raised as
authorities wanted to transaction with hazard of home grown the terrorism.
Prevention approach
The prevent approach is one pattern of counter-terrorism strategy of UK which is called
as CONTEST. The significance of forbid approach raised as authorities wanted to transaction
with hazard of home grown terrorism (Welch, 2016). It is the clear that counter-terrorism marks
Muslims in general. In many cases, there is no mistrustful or indication of criminal actions. Thus,
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Illustration 2: Terrorism related arrests
Source: (Terrorism related arrests, 2018)

it is complex to sustain an statement about function of counter-terrorism as outcome to terror
threats.
CONTEST Strategy 2004:
CONTEST is strategy of counter terrorism of UK. The purpose of this approach is to
decrease hazard to United Kingdom as well as its interest foreign from terrorist act, so that
communities can go their lives freely and with confidence (Taylor, 2017). CONTEST is divided
into four work stream which called with counter-terrorism communities as per four P's prevent,
pursue, protect and prepare.
Prevent: The purpose of forbid is to ending people from made terrorists or encouraging
coercion. This involves countering terrorists theorization and challenging those who promote it,
working with sectors and organizations where risk of radicalization is measured to be high. The
deradicalization programme is called as Channel which is led by the police and utilises liberal
Muslim mentors who do not espouse any anti-Western violence.
Pursue: The aim of Pursue is to end terrorists operations through detecting, prosecuting
and otherwise interrupting those who approach to carry out attacks against UK or its curiosity
overseas (Nasir, 2019).
Protect: The aim of secure is to strength protective covering against terrorists attack in
UK or against their curiosity overseas which can decrease their weakness. The activity directs on
wider security, national infrastructure and public places.
Prepare: The aim of prepare is to justify the effect of terrorists operations where attacks
can not be ended. This involves work to being terrorists attack to an end as well as to raise
resilience in the UK, so that nation can recover from their outcomes (Brown, 2016).
Funding, legislation and different approach
The United Kingdom has followed different legislation, Content strategy 2004, ethical
issues and other techniques.
Anti -terror legislation:
The UK has anti-terrorism regulations in place for more than thirty years. There is
Prevention of Violence Act 1939 which was related to an Irish Republican Army (IRA) political
campaign of aggression under the S-plan. After that, this act was replaced by the Prevention of
Terrorism laws which response to difficulties in Northern Ireland. From 1974 to 1989 temporary
preconditions of act were revived per annum (Taylor, 2017). Since 1978, terrorism regulations
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of UK have been regularly reviewed by security cleared Independent Reviewer of Terrorism
legislation.
Another strategy or legislation, prevent strategy which purpose of preventing the
radicalization of single persons to terrorism. This prevent plan of action became lawful duty for
public sector organizations as well as its limit has protracted in-depth into society. Also, this
strategy aid to analysis the activity of police investigation at heart of prevent approach. Police
investigation forms important characteristics of prevent strategy (Heath-Kelly and Strausz,
2019). Also, this strategy farms of terror fear in the war on terror as an Islamic threat which has
afforded infrastructure of police investigation.
In the UK dimensions of global war or terror, the prevent approach works fundamental
function which is continuance of existent strategy of policy purpose at others. It was launched
with apparently positive objective of opening radicalization to terrorist act in UK. Political
leader assertion that it targets all threats of terrorism and political orientation. It is the clear that
counter-terrorism targets Muslims in general (Thomas, 2016). In many cases, there is no
mistrustful or evidence of criminal actions. Thus, it is complex to continue statement about
function of counter-terrorism as outcome to affright threats.
Response to radicalization
The notion of radicalization is normally utilised to convey the thought of procedure
through which single person follows raising extremists set of values and aspirations. This can
involve willingness to condone, support and utilised violence to further political, religious or
other objectives. It can be known as the procedure through which single person follow violent
extremists ideas which can lead them to commit terrorists activities (Quartermaine, 2016). Due
to importance on opening radicalization in young individuals, Counter-Terrorism as well as
Security act 2015 situated a legal responsibility on particular government which have to due to
regard the want to prevent people being down into terrorism. The overall terminology of
radicalization that there is little perceptible value in utilising thought of radicalization to increase
understanding of reasons to people for becoming affright.
For that, CONTEST Strategy 2004 utilise for decrease the hazard to United Kingdom as
well as its curiosity overseas from terrorist act, so that communities can go their lives escaped as
well as with confidence. It involves 4P's like Prevent,Pursue, Protect and Prepare which aid to
people who suffering form terrorism in the UK (Hardy, 2015). The prevent approach is one
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pattern of counter-terrorism strategy of the UK which is called as CONTEST. The significance
of prevent strategy raised as the authorities wanted to transaction with hazard of home grown
terrorism
CONCLUSION
This report has summarised that military has also intervened in terrorism of the UK. It
can be concluded that government has follow the CONTEST strategy and Anti -terror legislation
for prevent the terrorists attacks in the UK. This strategy aid to people who suffering form
terrorism in the UK. It can be discussed that funds from government response to radicalization
and terrorism related arrests in the terrorism UK.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Brown, D., 2016. Britain and the Politics of Counter-Terrorism: The 2002 New Chapter and
Beyond. In The Development of British Defence Policy (pp. 99-124). Routledge.
Hardy, K., 2015. Resilience in UK counter-terrorism. Theoretical Criminology. 19(1). pp.77-94.
Heath-Kelly, C. and Strausz, E., 2019. The banality of counterterrorism “after, after 9/11”?
Perspectives on the Prevent duty from the UK health care sector. Critical studies on
terrorism. 12(1). pp.89-109.
Murphy, C. C., 2015. Transnational counter-terrorism law: law, power and legitimacy in the
‘wars on terror’. Transnational Legal Theory. 6(1). pp.31-54.
Nasir, M. A., 2019. The viability of recent enforcement mechanism to combat money laundering
and financial terrorism (AML/CFT) in NIGERIA: An overview. Journal of Money
Laundering Control, (just-accepted), pp.00-00.
Quartermaine, A., 2016. Discussing terrorism: a pupil-inspired guide to UK counter-terrorism
policy implementation in religious education classrooms in England. British Journal of
Religious Education. 38(1). pp.13-29.
Somers, H., 2019. Using Human Rights to Counter Terrorism. Edited by Manfred Nowak and
Anne Charbord. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.
Pp. x, 371. ISBN: 978-1-78471-526-7. US $165.00; UK£ 110.00. International Journal of
Legal Information. 47(1). pp.55-58.
Taylor, M., 2017. An Analysis of Online Terrorist Recruiting and Propaganda Strategies. E
International relations.
Thomas, P., 2016. Youth, terrorism and education: Britain’s Prevent programme. International
Journal of Lifelong Education. 35(2). pp.171-187.
Welch, S. A., 2016. Human trafficking and terrorism: Utilizing national security resources to
prevent human trafficking in the Islamic state. Duke J. Gender L. & Pol'y. 24. p.165.
Online
Deaths due to terrorism in the UK. 2018. [ONLINE]. Available through. :
<file:///home/user/Downloads/CBP-7613.pdf>.
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Does military intervention increase the terror threat. 2017. [ONLINE]. Available through. :
<https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40061551>.
Relief fund for UK victims of terrorism overseas. 2018. [ONLINE]. Available through. :
<https://www.redcross.org.uk/get-help/relief-fund-for-uk-victims-of-terrorism-
overseas>.
Terrorism related arrests. 2018. [ONLINE]. Available through. :
<file:///home/user/Downloads/CBP-7613.pdf>.
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