Cross-cultural management Assignment PDF
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Cross-cultural management
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Executi ve summary
The paper provides information about the BHP Billiton Limited Company which is an Australian
mining company and making an international business in China. The headquarters of this mining
company is in Melbourne and the mining project had started in between the Broken Hill
Proprietary (BHP) and the Anglo-Dutch Billiton. It is an exploration company where petroleum,
coal, iron ore, copper, gold, and uranium are extracted. The macro and the microenvironmental
factors that affect the business in the international market are also briefly discussed in this paper.
Apart from this, the presence of the business in the international market makes some cross-
cultural issues and these issues are briefly described in this text. Furthermore, some
recommendations and suggestions on behalf of this issues are also given for the better growth of
the firm and nowadays the company is considered as the highest iron-ore making company in
China.
1 | P a g e
The paper provides information about the BHP Billiton Limited Company which is an Australian
mining company and making an international business in China. The headquarters of this mining
company is in Melbourne and the mining project had started in between the Broken Hill
Proprietary (BHP) and the Anglo-Dutch Billiton. It is an exploration company where petroleum,
coal, iron ore, copper, gold, and uranium are extracted. The macro and the microenvironmental
factors that affect the business in the international market are also briefly discussed in this paper.
Apart from this, the presence of the business in the international market makes some cross-
cultural issues and these issues are briefly described in this text. Furthermore, some
recommendations and suggestions on behalf of this issues are also given for the better growth of
the firm and nowadays the company is considered as the highest iron-ore making company in
China.
1 | P a g e
Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Overview of the company.......................................................................................................................3
Macro and microenvironmental factor and issues..................................................................................3
Cross-cultural and HRM issues................................................................................................................5
Recommendation........................................................................................................................................7
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................7
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Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Overview of the company.......................................................................................................................3
Macro and microenvironmental factor and issues..................................................................................3
Cross-cultural and HRM issues................................................................................................................5
Recommendation........................................................................................................................................7
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................7
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Introduction
The paper will provide information about the BHP Billiton Limited mining industry that has their
business in Australia and also in China. Along with this the micro and macro environment that
makes issues to the business are also discussed in the context. Furthermore, the paper also gives
information about the cross-cultural and HRM issues related to the business.
Overview of the company
The cross-cultural management refers managing a team with respect to their different culture,
performances and customer needs in an international and global business. The company BHP
Billiton Limited is an international company whose home company in Australia and it also runs
an international business in China. The BHP Billiton Limited is a mining company which was
founded in 1851 in Australia and its headquarters is in Melbourne (Andrews, 2016). Later on 13
August 1885, this company has started his business of mining in Australia. Formerly the
company name has BHP limited and later in 2001 its name changes to BHP Billiton Limited.
The main mining project was started in 2001 between the Broken Hill Proprietary (BHP) and the
Anglo-Dutch Billiton and therefore the name becomes BHP Billiton Limited. In China, the BHP
Billiton Company is named as Bi He Bi Tuo from October 2001. Being a team member my role
is mainly to know the exploration pattern of the company. The company mainly explores
petroleum, copper, iron ore, coal, gold and uranium. This company not only involves in mining
process but also involves smelting and refining of nickel along with some marketing, trading,
administrative services too.
Macro and micro environmental factor and issues
Starting any business operation in the international market is a very complex process. It creates
many difficulties for a company to start a business. The macro and the micro environmental
factor that affected the business of BHP Billiton limited in selecting China as one of its branches
are as follows:
a) Economic environment: The economic environment includes the factors the affects the
customer purchasing plans and that makes the growth of the business in the international
market (Barnes, 2016). So the direct investment in the foreign country to build a mining
industry was really a big issue. Apart from this the population growth also makes an
issue for selecting BHP Billiton limited company to business in the country.
3 | P a g e
The paper will provide information about the BHP Billiton Limited mining industry that has their
business in Australia and also in China. Along with this the micro and macro environment that
makes issues to the business are also discussed in the context. Furthermore, the paper also gives
information about the cross-cultural and HRM issues related to the business.
Overview of the company
The cross-cultural management refers managing a team with respect to their different culture,
performances and customer needs in an international and global business. The company BHP
Billiton Limited is an international company whose home company in Australia and it also runs
an international business in China. The BHP Billiton Limited is a mining company which was
founded in 1851 in Australia and its headquarters is in Melbourne (Andrews, 2016). Later on 13
August 1885, this company has started his business of mining in Australia. Formerly the
company name has BHP limited and later in 2001 its name changes to BHP Billiton Limited.
The main mining project was started in 2001 between the Broken Hill Proprietary (BHP) and the
Anglo-Dutch Billiton and therefore the name becomes BHP Billiton Limited. In China, the BHP
Billiton Company is named as Bi He Bi Tuo from October 2001. Being a team member my role
is mainly to know the exploration pattern of the company. The company mainly explores
petroleum, copper, iron ore, coal, gold and uranium. This company not only involves in mining
process but also involves smelting and refining of nickel along with some marketing, trading,
administrative services too.
Macro and micro environmental factor and issues
Starting any business operation in the international market is a very complex process. It creates
many difficulties for a company to start a business. The macro and the micro environmental
factor that affected the business of BHP Billiton limited in selecting China as one of its branches
are as follows:
a) Economic environment: The economic environment includes the factors the affects the
customer purchasing plans and that makes the growth of the business in the international
market (Barnes, 2016). So the direct investment in the foreign country to build a mining
industry was really a big issue. Apart from this the population growth also makes an
issue for selecting BHP Billiton limited company to business in the country.
3 | P a g e
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b) Political environment: Political factor includes both governmental and legal procedure.
So for an international company to manage with that uncertain political situation become
a critical factor. Since BHP Billiton Limited is an Australian company so maintaining the
rules, regulation, and attitudes of another country makes them difficult for building the
mining operations (Bice, 2014). Apart from this Chinese government are very strong and
they control more than one-third of the economy from the business. Hence the
government factors also make issues of making mining industry in China.
c) Salary rate of the worker: For selecting an international country for pursuing their
business the company has to give a proper incentive to the worker (Bleischwitz et al.,
2017). Since China is one of the most populated countries in the world so the cost of per
day work of a labor was also high and hence it creates an issue for the company holders.
d) Labour skills: Since BHP Billiton Limited is a mining industry so high skill labor is
required for the mining operations. Hence a huge amount of money had invested by the
company as skilled labor are not so much present in the country so they have to teach
them about the operation and after that working had started (Blowfield, et al., 2017).
Thus it takes a plenty of time for the company to make a mining industry in China.
e) Tax rates: Every country has different tax rates nowadays. But after 2008, Chinas
Government has decided to pay the tax for every small and medium business but before
that, no such taxation system was present in China (Calvo, et al., 2016). So for building
the mining industry in 2001 the Australian company BHP Billiton Limited does not pay
any tax to the Chinese Government. Since it does not creates an issue for business in
China.
f) Transport and Infrastructure: A huge investment is required for transportation cost and
also for maintaining the infrastructure of the company (Campisi & Caprioni, 2017).
Since Australia is located on the southern part and China on the northern part so
transportation costs of bringing the materials also take a huge investment and hence it
also created some sorts of problems for the company to owned their business in China.
4 | P a g e
So for an international company to manage with that uncertain political situation become
a critical factor. Since BHP Billiton Limited is an Australian company so maintaining the
rules, regulation, and attitudes of another country makes them difficult for building the
mining operations (Bice, 2014). Apart from this Chinese government are very strong and
they control more than one-third of the economy from the business. Hence the
government factors also make issues of making mining industry in China.
c) Salary rate of the worker: For selecting an international country for pursuing their
business the company has to give a proper incentive to the worker (Bleischwitz et al.,
2017). Since China is one of the most populated countries in the world so the cost of per
day work of a labor was also high and hence it creates an issue for the company holders.
d) Labour skills: Since BHP Billiton Limited is a mining industry so high skill labor is
required for the mining operations. Hence a huge amount of money had invested by the
company as skilled labor are not so much present in the country so they have to teach
them about the operation and after that working had started (Blowfield, et al., 2017).
Thus it takes a plenty of time for the company to make a mining industry in China.
e) Tax rates: Every country has different tax rates nowadays. But after 2008, Chinas
Government has decided to pay the tax for every small and medium business but before
that, no such taxation system was present in China (Calvo, et al., 2016). So for building
the mining industry in 2001 the Australian company BHP Billiton Limited does not pay
any tax to the Chinese Government. Since it does not creates an issue for business in
China.
f) Transport and Infrastructure: A huge investment is required for transportation cost and
also for maintaining the infrastructure of the company (Campisi & Caprioni, 2017).
Since Australia is located on the southern part and China on the northern part so
transportation costs of bringing the materials also take a huge investment and hence it
also created some sorts of problems for the company to owned their business in China.
4 | P a g e
Cross-cultural and HRM issues
Cross-culture is defined as the company motive for selling the product outside the country for
gaining profit at a huge rate. This mainly refers to the participation of the company in the
international market in respect of the religion, culture and different views that increase the
business procedure (FERRARIS, et al., 2016). There are several cross-cultural issues arises in
between Australia and China for developing the mining business internationally. They are:-
a) Power distribution: Power distribution is the factor on which the whole culture of a
business depends. A high responsibility for power distribution makes a situation where
the less powered employees have to accept the order of the major ones (Gilberthorpe and
Hilson, 2016). China is considered as one of the most centralized countries in respect to
government and society than the western countries. So the decision making power of
China’s government is more than any other government and hence it creates a major issue
for the Australian company BHP Billiton Limited for making their mining industry in this
country. But nowadays the decision making the power of the Chinese government is
started to reduce.
b) Inadequate trust: Trust is the main factor of a foundation of any successful business, and
when the employees thought that they feel unsafe about their leader than no company will
get profit in their business (Hubbard, and Moore, 2017). Lack of trust in between the
employees in this Australian Company BHP Billiton Limited creates a major issue of
pursuing their business in China. As the mentality of the people of China are quite
different from that of the Australian society so the problem of expanding the business
globally make them a huge problem. Apart from this, the language is also a big issue for
the people as the manager speaks in their own language while the Chinese people speak
in their own language so for not understanding the point a trust issue arises between
them.
c) Perception: The perspective view of the workers of Australia makes them the superior
one while they thought that the people of China are more inferior to them. So a
contrasting issue has been created between the employees of both the country (Liang, et
al., 2017). Apart from this, the Australian workers have a high level of tolerance for
uncertainty than that of the Chinese workers. The Chinese workers have the tendency of
5 | P a g e
Cross-culture is defined as the company motive for selling the product outside the country for
gaining profit at a huge rate. This mainly refers to the participation of the company in the
international market in respect of the religion, culture and different views that increase the
business procedure (FERRARIS, et al., 2016). There are several cross-cultural issues arises in
between Australia and China for developing the mining business internationally. They are:-
a) Power distribution: Power distribution is the factor on which the whole culture of a
business depends. A high responsibility for power distribution makes a situation where
the less powered employees have to accept the order of the major ones (Gilberthorpe and
Hilson, 2016). China is considered as one of the most centralized countries in respect to
government and society than the western countries. So the decision making power of
China’s government is more than any other government and hence it creates a major issue
for the Australian company BHP Billiton Limited for making their mining industry in this
country. But nowadays the decision making the power of the Chinese government is
started to reduce.
b) Inadequate trust: Trust is the main factor of a foundation of any successful business, and
when the employees thought that they feel unsafe about their leader than no company will
get profit in their business (Hubbard, and Moore, 2017). Lack of trust in between the
employees in this Australian Company BHP Billiton Limited creates a major issue of
pursuing their business in China. As the mentality of the people of China are quite
different from that of the Australian society so the problem of expanding the business
globally make them a huge problem. Apart from this, the language is also a big issue for
the people as the manager speaks in their own language while the Chinese people speak
in their own language so for not understanding the point a trust issue arises between
them.
c) Perception: The perspective view of the workers of Australia makes them the superior
one while they thought that the people of China are more inferior to them. So a
contrasting issue has been created between the employees of both the country (Liang, et
al., 2017). Apart from this, the Australian workers have a high level of tolerance for
uncertainty than that of the Chinese workers. The Chinese workers have the tendency of
5 | P a g e
taking risks but it causes a huge amount to be invested by the Australian managers and
hence a conflict arises between the employees and the manager in the organization.
d) Individualism: Individualism in a business causes a huge problem in the business. The
managers and the business leader of the Australian company become more prone to
individualism. Their suggestion will be considered as the best for the better growth of the
firm. This creates a huge issue for the Chinese workers for listening to the order of those
international managers (Lodhia, and Martin, 2014). Nowadays the Australian worker
changes their strategy as they believe that individualism is not a key factor in the success
of their business.
e) False communication: An important issue by which the business gets affected is the lack
of proper communication. Communication is the main factor that provides the key
success of the company (Piper, 2015). If the communicating system is poor between the
employees and the leader then the company cannot achieve their goals before the
deadlines. Apart from this language issue is also the main factor of this false
communication process.
f) Work patterns: As the BHP Billiton Limited is an international company so the work
patterns will be different for both the nation. Being a less knowledge about any mining
procedure the Chinese people cannot perform more than one task at a while and thus it
creates a major problem of completing the work on a certain period of time (Scott, and
Durey, 2014).
g) Time orientations: Since Australia is present in the southern part so their time
management orientation will be quite different from that of the northern part (Vivoda,
and Graetz, 2017). Hence an issue arises between their time management factors. Time
management issue does not only waste the time but it also wastes money also. The lack
of focus on the people and the priority of completing the work make a huge effect on the
business (Zhang, et al., 2017). The Chinese people take a huge span of time for
completing their research work while the Australian people takes a short span of time of
finding any resources. Another huge problem occurs due to this time management
orientation was not the completion of the project in the certain period of time. Thus many
projects have been slipped from the hand of the BHP Billiton Limited Company and
hence it decreases the profit in the business.
6 | P a g e
hence a conflict arises between the employees and the manager in the organization.
d) Individualism: Individualism in a business causes a huge problem in the business. The
managers and the business leader of the Australian company become more prone to
individualism. Their suggestion will be considered as the best for the better growth of the
firm. This creates a huge issue for the Chinese workers for listening to the order of those
international managers (Lodhia, and Martin, 2014). Nowadays the Australian worker
changes their strategy as they believe that individualism is not a key factor in the success
of their business.
e) False communication: An important issue by which the business gets affected is the lack
of proper communication. Communication is the main factor that provides the key
success of the company (Piper, 2015). If the communicating system is poor between the
employees and the leader then the company cannot achieve their goals before the
deadlines. Apart from this language issue is also the main factor of this false
communication process.
f) Work patterns: As the BHP Billiton Limited is an international company so the work
patterns will be different for both the nation. Being a less knowledge about any mining
procedure the Chinese people cannot perform more than one task at a while and thus it
creates a major problem of completing the work on a certain period of time (Scott, and
Durey, 2014).
g) Time orientations: Since Australia is present in the southern part so their time
management orientation will be quite different from that of the northern part (Vivoda,
and Graetz, 2017). Hence an issue arises between their time management factors. Time
management issue does not only waste the time but it also wastes money also. The lack
of focus on the people and the priority of completing the work make a huge effect on the
business (Zhang, et al., 2017). The Chinese people take a huge span of time for
completing their research work while the Australian people takes a short span of time of
finding any resources. Another huge problem occurs due to this time management
orientation was not the completion of the project in the certain period of time. Thus many
projects have been slipped from the hand of the BHP Billiton Limited Company and
hence it decreases the profit in the business.
6 | P a g e
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Apart from this above issue, the Australian Company make their international business in China
due to the presence of huge amount of resources in China that makes a huge profit in their
business and now the company as owed as one of highest producer of iron-ore in China.
Recommendation
After discussing with all sorts of problems that arise in between the business procedure of
Australia and China some recommendations has been given for the better growth of the firm.
Those are:-
Giving a chance to the Chinese workers for put forwarding their ideas and opinions can
make a better growth of the organization
Again the manager should listen to the workers so that the trust issues may be diminished
a lot. For this, the manager should maintain a friendly relationship with the employees so
that they build faith in him and the work run smoothly without any problem
Apart from this, it should be suggested that by maintaining a good teamwork can help
them to complete the project within the certain period of time
High level of stress can causes miscommunication in an organization, so it should be
recommended that diminishing the stress level to a certain point can help the employee to
work better in the organization.
Conclusion
The international company BHP Billiton Limited makes a huge business in the global market.
Here in this report, we are discussing the mining company BHP Billiton Limited that spread their
business internationally and a branch in China was established in 2001. This company becomes
named as Bi He Bi Tuo and it is considered as one of the leading company as the iron-ore
producer in China. Along with this the macro and the microenvironment that affect the business
of BHP Billiton Limited in the international market are also discussed in this report.
Furthermore, the cross-cultural issues that affected badly in the mining business are discussed
briefly and some recommendations regarding this issue are also given that can help the better
growth of the firm.
7 | P a g e
due to the presence of huge amount of resources in China that makes a huge profit in their
business and now the company as owed as one of highest producer of iron-ore in China.
Recommendation
After discussing with all sorts of problems that arise in between the business procedure of
Australia and China some recommendations has been given for the better growth of the firm.
Those are:-
Giving a chance to the Chinese workers for put forwarding their ideas and opinions can
make a better growth of the organization
Again the manager should listen to the workers so that the trust issues may be diminished
a lot. For this, the manager should maintain a friendly relationship with the employees so
that they build faith in him and the work run smoothly without any problem
Apart from this, it should be suggested that by maintaining a good teamwork can help
them to complete the project within the certain period of time
High level of stress can causes miscommunication in an organization, so it should be
recommended that diminishing the stress level to a certain point can help the employee to
work better in the organization.
Conclusion
The international company BHP Billiton Limited makes a huge business in the global market.
Here in this report, we are discussing the mining company BHP Billiton Limited that spread their
business internationally and a branch in China was established in 2001. This company becomes
named as Bi He Bi Tuo and it is considered as one of the leading company as the iron-ore
producer in China. Along with this the macro and the microenvironment that affect the business
of BHP Billiton Limited in the international market are also discussed in this report.
Furthermore, the cross-cultural issues that affected badly in the mining business are discussed
briefly and some recommendations regarding this issue are also given that can help the better
growth of the firm.
7 | P a g e
Reference
Andrews, M., 2016. Production rock solid for iron ore heavies. Australia's Paydirt, 1(244), p.60.
Barnes, T.J., 2016. The Wiley-Blackwell companion to economic geography. John Wiley & Sons.
Bice, S., 2014. What gives you a social license? An exploration of the social license to operate in
the Australian mining industry. Resources, 3(1), pp.62-80.
Bleischwitz, R., Welfens, P. and Zhang, Z. eds., 2017. Sustainable growth and resource
productivity: economic and global policy issues. Routledge.
Blowfield, M., Karam, C. and Jamali, D., 2017. Introduction. Corporate social responsibility in
developing countries: a development-oriented approach. In Development-Oriented Corporate
Social Responsibility: Volume 2 (pp. 15-26). Routledge.
Calvo, G., Mudd, G., Valero, A., and Valero, A., 2016. Decreasing ore grades in global metallic
mining: A theoretical issue or a global reality?. Resources, 5(4), p.36.
Campisi, J.M., and Caprioni, E., 2017. Social and Political Risks: Factors Affecting FDI in
China's Mining Sector. Thunderbird International Business Review, 59(6), pp.709-724.
FERRARIS, A., LONGO, M. and WARSITZKA, M., 2016. CHAPTER THREE THE
RELEVANCE OF CULTURAL ASPECTS IN CROSS-CULTURAL MANAGEMENT IN
MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES. Managing Globalization: New Business Models, Strategies
and Innovation, p.50.
Gilberthorpe, E. and Hilson, G., 2016. Indigenous Employment, Training and Retention:
Successes and Challenges at Red Dog Mine. In Natural Resource Extraction and Indigenous
Livelihoods (pp. 27-52). Routledge.
Hubbard, T.N. and Moore, M.J., 2017. BHP Billiton: Mining Potash. Kellogg School of
Management Cases, pp.1-13.
Liang, J., Xie, E. and Redding, K.S., 2017. The international market for corporate control and
high-valuation cross-border acquisitions: Exploring trends and patterns. International Journal of
Law and Management, 59(6), pp.876-898.
8 | P a g e
Andrews, M., 2016. Production rock solid for iron ore heavies. Australia's Paydirt, 1(244), p.60.
Barnes, T.J., 2016. The Wiley-Blackwell companion to economic geography. John Wiley & Sons.
Bice, S., 2014. What gives you a social license? An exploration of the social license to operate in
the Australian mining industry. Resources, 3(1), pp.62-80.
Bleischwitz, R., Welfens, P. and Zhang, Z. eds., 2017. Sustainable growth and resource
productivity: economic and global policy issues. Routledge.
Blowfield, M., Karam, C. and Jamali, D., 2017. Introduction. Corporate social responsibility in
developing countries: a development-oriented approach. In Development-Oriented Corporate
Social Responsibility: Volume 2 (pp. 15-26). Routledge.
Calvo, G., Mudd, G., Valero, A., and Valero, A., 2016. Decreasing ore grades in global metallic
mining: A theoretical issue or a global reality?. Resources, 5(4), p.36.
Campisi, J.M., and Caprioni, E., 2017. Social and Political Risks: Factors Affecting FDI in
China's Mining Sector. Thunderbird International Business Review, 59(6), pp.709-724.
FERRARIS, A., LONGO, M. and WARSITZKA, M., 2016. CHAPTER THREE THE
RELEVANCE OF CULTURAL ASPECTS IN CROSS-CULTURAL MANAGEMENT IN
MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES. Managing Globalization: New Business Models, Strategies
and Innovation, p.50.
Gilberthorpe, E. and Hilson, G., 2016. Indigenous Employment, Training and Retention:
Successes and Challenges at Red Dog Mine. In Natural Resource Extraction and Indigenous
Livelihoods (pp. 27-52). Routledge.
Hubbard, T.N. and Moore, M.J., 2017. BHP Billiton: Mining Potash. Kellogg School of
Management Cases, pp.1-13.
Liang, J., Xie, E. and Redding, K.S., 2017. The international market for corporate control and
high-valuation cross-border acquisitions: Exploring trends and patterns. International Journal of
Law and Management, 59(6), pp.876-898.
8 | P a g e
Lodhia, S. and Martin, N., 2014. Corporate sustainability indicators: an Australian mining case
study. Journal of cleaner production, 84, pp.107-115.
Piper, D., 2015. IPO set to improve off low base. Australia's Paydirt, 1(224), p.36.
Scott, K. and Durey, A., 2014. ‘Not Taking, But Giving’: A Paradox of Cross-Cultural
Empowerment. In Resource Curse or Cure? (pp. 257-270). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Vivoda, V. and Graetz, G., 2017. Mergers and Acquisitions: The Politics of Megadeals in the
Mining Industry. In Mining in the Asia-Pacific (pp. 121-138). Springer, Cham.
Zhang, M.M., Bradley, C.F., Collins, A.F. and Saunders, M.H., 2017. Economic structural
changes in China: challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Economics and
Business Research, 13(3), pp.246-257.
9 | P a g e
study. Journal of cleaner production, 84, pp.107-115.
Piper, D., 2015. IPO set to improve off low base. Australia's Paydirt, 1(224), p.36.
Scott, K. and Durey, A., 2014. ‘Not Taking, But Giving’: A Paradox of Cross-Cultural
Empowerment. In Resource Curse or Cure? (pp. 257-270). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Vivoda, V. and Graetz, G., 2017. Mergers and Acquisitions: The Politics of Megadeals in the
Mining Industry. In Mining in the Asia-Pacific (pp. 121-138). Springer, Cham.
Zhang, M.M., Bradley, C.F., Collins, A.F. and Saunders, M.H., 2017. Economic structural
changes in China: challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Economics and
Business Research, 13(3), pp.246-257.
9 | P a g e
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