Cross Cultural Management: National Culture, Leadership, and Motivation

This report explores the impact of national culture on cross cultural management, focusing on leadership, ethics, and CSR. It discusses the Hofstede culture dimensions and their relevance in managing diverse cultures. The report also examines the role of leadership in managing employees and the importance of motivation in HRM. The case study of Brett Jones in Tanzania is used to illustrate these concepts.

Cross cultural

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.................................................................................................................................3
National Culture........................................................................................................................3
Leadership.................................................................................................................................5
Motivation and HRM................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Cross cultural management is defined as the examination of management study in which
cross cultural dimensions are undertaken. This is associated with the study of influencing
societal culture over managers and various practices of management (Beugelsdijk and Welzel,
2018). This is known as the essential aspect under which assistance is provided to the
organisation in order to deal with people who are coming from different background of culture.
In current world organisations are serving to their customer in global level. For manager of the
organisation this is imperative that they keep proper understanding regarding varied culture so
that they can manage workforce in effective manner and attain objective of the business as well.
Cross-cultural management is helpful in understanding employees in such a way that people
can be interconnected to each other. This report is based on case study of Brett Jones in
Tanzania. The major topic covered in this report is leadership, ethics and CSR along with
organisational culture.
MAIN BODY
National Culture
National culture is defined as those set of norms and beliefs which are having high
implication in changing behaviour which are being shared by a nation. This characteristic is
associated with language, religion, ethnicity and traditions. National culture is defined as one of
the vital component which enables in enhancing performance and overall profitability. The
Hofstede culture is used in order to compare various national societies in which six dimensions
are included which are not related with each other. The various dimensions are termed as power
distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs collectivism, muscularity v/s feminism, long
term v/s short term goals and at last indulgence v/s restraints. All these dimensions are
representing national culture and are having independent identity depending on countries. For
respective case study Brett Jones understood that he is required to learn various concepts of
different culture.
One of the major problems with HG is lacking within perception regarding home
corporate and understanding about economics, politics and culture existed within country. The

very first dimension of Hofestetde model is power distance index which expresses the aspect
under which society member is accepting lesser power due to which power is being distributed
in unequal aspect (Flory, Essers and Touburg, 2016). This is majorly related to the society and the
manner in which equality is being handled by people around and living within the society. High
degree is exerted by people living in the society in which lesser justification is required to be
provided. The other dimension is individualism in which work preference is examined related
to individuality or collective efforts. Under this aspect individuals are required to care regarding
their families. In this Brett Jones was unable to help their members regarding adaptation of
changing surroundings.
As according to power distance index, a high index is defined as the nation in which
power index is higher that means people living in it believe in hierarchy. Besides this
collectivism is all about preferences which provides collective aspect within society. Another
dimension is masculinity versus femininity under which muscularity is denoted by heroism and
material awards attained within society (Pemer, Sieweke and Werr, 2018). Society is willing to
grab competition such as market of Tanzania is highly competitive and in this case. On the
contrary, femininity is defined as the dimension under which overall preference is given in
order to care regarding weak society and providing them quality of work. This dimension is
referred as tough verses softer corner within a business organisation. The next dimension is
uncertainty avoidance index which explains degree of discomfort and uncertainty existed. The
nations which are having high uncertainty avoidance and they have rigid code of conduct as
well.
Long term versus short term dimension within this model stats that within society
countries are required to maintain major linkage with past challenges so as to make their future
and present better. The societies which are scoring low are preferred old traditions over new.
Besides this high score dimension is associated with those society in which high efforts are
exerted in respect of encouragement. The final dimension is related with indulgence in versus
restraint in which free gratification is being rendered by humans in respect of enjoying their
lives. Restraint is related with society which do not provide their support to gratification and in
this manner societal norms are restricted. These were the dimension for Hofstede model which
could be helpful for the business to manage their culture (Yerznkyan, 2016).

Leadership
Leadership is defined as the aspect in which contribution is drawn by the people in
respect of overall succession of the organisation. This is related to motivating employees and
other team member so that they stay motivated and aligned to attainment of organisational goals
and objectives. In a business leadership is defined as directing people with the major purpose to
enhancing overall productiveness and performance of the organisation at all level. An effective
leader is laced with various skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, directive and many
more (Angka and Darma, 2016). Leader is having role to guide their subordinates so as to
enhance their individual and collective performance so that constructive feedback can be
collected. Leadership is defined as one of the major constraint within business through which
assistance to the organisation is provided regarding maximising overall efficacy of the business
through that organisational objectives can be attained. Leadership is an on-going process in
which leader continues to guide their sub-ordinates in order to utilise their efforts in such a
manner that appropriately the same can be used in maximising profits and productivity as well
(Alvesson, Blom and Sveningsson, 2016). In the relation to the case study, Steinberg is The Vice
president of Hydro Generation in which Laissez-faire style is used. In this leadership, members
are allowed to take their own decision in the manner they want to so that to bring higher
efficacy. Brett Jones is free to take their own decision in which fuller responsibility is being
executed by them and for every decision they are responsible as well.
Steinberg is using flat organisational hierarchy in order to execute business operations.
There are some employees which are having complains regarding organisation as there is no
proper authority who is responsible. The company is not effective in dealing with local people
which is the major reason for high employee turnover. On the other side there is no leader who
is having responsibility to hear out problem faced by employees. In order to manage people
there are various leadership theories which can be used by organisation so as to enhance
individual behaviour. As according to trait theory, in an effective leader there are various
qualities which makes them differentiated from others. This states that every person who is
having qualities is not necessarily become an effective leader. Within this case study, Steinberg
is considered that Brett Jones can lead project to be held in Tanzania. This is due to high
performance of Jones in which he shown his high skills and results with greater satisfaction.

In the respect of Hydro Generation, in order to handle problems this is imperative that
they acquire an effective leader. Another theory of leadership is associated with understanding
need of environment in order to become a leader. Conditioning is defined as one of the
important term which is impacting environmental responses in respect of an individual. This is
considered as one of the essential term within leadership theory. Various theory of leadership is
used in order to attain business objective in significant manner. Leadership is contributing in
attaining higher profitability and productivity. In the given case study Vice president of the
company is having perception that Brett Jones is eager so that he is not able to accommodate
with business in Tanzanian way. On the other side due to flat organisational structure, people
working within organisation are not managed in desired manner (Gandolfi and Stone, 2017).
This can be examined from the above case study that Tanzanian people are required to
have proper direction in order to understand their duties and obligations. An effective
leadership is having ability to convince people and take out their best efforts which can be
aligned to organisational goals and objective. This is helpful in understanding significance of
attaining goals and objectives in direct manner. A pioneer is having capabilities to deal with
immediate actions through which short notices can be answered and dealt as well. A leader is
defined as the character in which abilities related to working culture can be enhanced. Leader is
having interest and ability to hear out matter of other so that progression can be committed
within business organisation(Qi, Smith and Yeoman, 2018).
Motivation and HRM
Motivation is defined as willingness of employees within an organization for puttimng
high level of efforts in order to achieve organizational goals and obejctives. This is an important
aspects within an organiozation. It encourages employees within an organization for working in
effecent and effective way. This increases overall productivity as well as performance of an
organization is improved. Employees with motivation and commitment over there jobs is
putting effort to make efficency to be increased. This mainly results within the performance and
helps an organization to gain competetive advantage againts other. In relation ti the above case
study Brett Jones was motivated to stay in Tanzania with respective organization. HG would
find it harder to like hoim to be part of project. This was because he was professionally trained
and also had a familiarity with the host country.

Different theories of motiavtion is there whcih is appplied within the case study for
gaining better understanding upon the same. Motiavtion assume that significance is being hold
by job in cahnging menatlities in respectiviness of the association. Aloof disposition is
smootheerred with productivity through inspiration. Nearness of great mentality permits an
association for flourishing effectiviness. Msot of the persued workforce is depoendent upon
motuvation (What Is Motivation And How It Works, 2020). Roused represenattatives havev
been elevated with level if siprit and duty hold toward an organization with objectivces and
goals to be achieved. Inspiration in a way lessens representative with spirit and dutyv towards
and assocaition. Inspiration in this way lessens representative turnover and decreases the
requirement for steady acceptance of new workers. Motivation facilitates direction to the
workforce as in the given case study. Also, the workforce learns to work with cooperation with
each other. The different theories of motivation help in getting an insight of the different ways
that motivate an employee and help them in performing better (Sampaio, Ladeira and Santini,
2017).
Variosu motiavtion theories like nMcClelland's theory is needed to states that threr are
factors whic motivates and not over dependent to gender or age. This is driven with affilliation,
power andf achievement. As per this achievement is been defined with the need to make
acomplsihment possible. Also individuals is needed for making achievement through
respoanibility of tasks that results within individual efforts. Also affilliation is required for
developing belongingness. Persons having hig need to make affillaition is suppred by bbeing
enjoyed through acknowledging it. This will make geenartion of get-together and awakward
through strife. Force is been required to make control over own work by other persons through
significance with circumastances with practiceses force and impacted over other. In the position
status and authority make general upon dgree with impacting through sucessful work execution.
HRM theories applied in order to develop better undersatnding about case study.
According to resourec- based theory within huamn resource management all resources should
be available in an organization to be valuable and rare. Also thet are difficult imitate contribute
with overall sucess of an organization. Regarding the above case study vice president is to
believe that all resourecs available to be valued shouls utilize most effectiviness in apropriate
manner.

In addition over conducting busienss operations and various finctions is effective waty
and also huamn resource playsmajore role that helps in task acomplsihment. Alos huiamamn
resource has wider scope to be covered within an organization as it maanges various opertions
realted to recuitment process in proper manner. Other benifits required to be made by an
organization is doen with the helps of encouraging quality with production. In addition to this
HRM practiceses helpful for an oragniztion to enehance proper rules, regulations and practices
that makes conduvting of eork to be done in efficent way by attaioning desired goals with
objectives in sucessful manner (Wutich and Brewis, 2019).
That is why the abive report recommendents that autocratic style of leadership is to be
applied for making project to be sucessful. That is why leaders is abloe to monitor performance
with subordination and guidence is also provided by them. Leaders should be monitoring
perfoemances with subordinates an providing guidence if needed to be there. Noty only
recomendadition for carrying out recruitement in more effective way. This helps an
organization in hiring person bst suited with right qualifucation over jobs available. Maangers
motivates subiordinates in order to ensure the desired output to be achieved. In other words it is
resposnible for making deired results to b gained because of motiavtion and subbordination.
CONCLUSION
From the abiove analysis of the points mentioned it can be concluded that for an
organization it is essentail to adopt cross culture at workplace through this they are able to make
attarction in order to reatin customers sucessfully. Cross culture in an oragnization is abel to
mark out several benifits like motiavtion, deevloping of paoitive working culture upon an
location andn vrious other things. This has been helping in making sure that quality and
productivity is improved. Befor making expansion to be determined culture particular location
taht makes satregies to be developed that leads in amking psoitive working environment to be
formed. As for expansio of buisness an ortganization is needed to make determination at
particular location possible and strategies with plan is developed accordingly. Regarding this
helping an organization in adoptingof new technology which makes ideas to be formed as per

culture of nation. Moreover while this they also need to consider several aspects such as
leadership, ethics, corporate social responsibilities, organization culture and many more.

REFERENCES
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