Cross Culture Studies Assignment PDF

Cross
culture
studies

Table of Contents
BLOG POST 1 cross culture studies...............................................................................................1
Business culture in western.........................................................................................................1
BLOG POST 2 cross culture studies...............................................................................................2
Business culture in eastern..........................................................................................................2
BLOG POST 3 cross culture studies...............................................................................................3
Cross culture communication......................................................................................................3
BLOG POST 4 Cross culture studies...............................................................................................4
Culture and conflict management styles.....................................................................................4
BLOG POST 5 Cross culture studies ..............................................................................................5
cross culture and negotiation.......................................................................................................5
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................7
Books and journals...........................................................................................................................7

BLOG POST 1 cross culture studies
Business culture in western
Keywords:- you are hot then you are cold, the warm side of the Latin Europe, French culture etc
Text
Western culture people are more blunt and open in every situations. The term European
civilisation and western society is broadly classified as their ethical values, social norms, belief
system and traditional customs which have some association and origin with Europe. In western
culture the economic and political structures are stable(Laroche and Teng 2019.). When it comes
to the etiquette of business, countries tends to favour the arrangements formally where all the
formalities and documentation are preferred over the personnel relationship at workplace. The
people of the western culture are open to express the feelings in their every mood swings. It only
focuses on the creativity of ideas in the educational system. The culture of France is shaped from
the geography which profound the historical events and by the internal forces and members of
group. The importance of French culture waned and waxed over the countries which depended
upon the countries. Sometimes the western culture equated with the western lifestyles, western
civilisation and European also and it refers to the heritage of social norms, traditional customs,
political system and traditional customs of the business culture.
Western civilisation view that the culture of western is superior to all. The records and
history of western culture is European begun with the ancient Rome and ancient Greece. It has
also played a role in the new fashion, cinemas, cuisine, technology, literatures and social science.
The culture of the France derives from the term of French it tends to grow and earth, nurture and
cultivation. The culture of European is well developed with the complex range of medieval,
scholasticism and philosophy(Mosse 2018.). The thinking of rational has been developed
through change of long age and experiments in formation for the enlightenment and
breakthroughs of science. The Anglo cluster comprises the united states of America from which
countries are developed nations and amongst the wealthiest countries in the world. The results of
the globe shows that the characteristics of the Anglo cluster by a performance of the
individualism orientation. It also values the equality of the genders and tend to dominate the
male practices. The effective leadership affected the Anglo cluster buy the combination of the
participative style and inspiration.
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The warm side of Latin Europe which has the personnel approach for organising and
managing. It is business oriented which emphasis the personnel developing relationship from
that the discussion of the business is pleasure and interwind. French culture which complex and
intricate the formal respect and deference which show to the bosses but also do opposite for what
has been promised. It is the rejection of total power which demonstrate in revolution and strikes.
The main concept of the cold and hot is a basic experience of human which is essential for the
descriptions of world around us. You are hot then you are cold it means the mind of the western
people are not constant. It has personnel interest and mindset which refuse the subordinates to a
collective goal(Steinmetz 2018.).
BLOG POST 2 cross culture studies
Business culture in eastern
Keywords:- a country of walls, the concept of WA, southern Asia/ India, difference between
both the cultures.
Text
The term eastern culture in business refers to the different types of social structures, cultures and
philosophical system which is depended upon the context of the business. It involves part of Asia
ans geographically countries and also the east culture of Europe. The outlined of the Asian
cultures such as japan, china and India and business and the agement behaviour of the man. It
distinguished between the Japanese and Chinese. Indian only use the lewis model of types of the
culture. Confucian Asia is characterised as the system of the ethical philosophy and social rather
than the religion. It is built in ancient religious foundation which establish the institution and
social values and the ideals of the traditional society of Chinese. The east Asian culture are the
countries and the regions which was influence historically by the culture of china. The primary
purpose and most important factor to succeed. It is a initial investigation, the comparison of the
potential benefit of the Guanxi in the context of business. The results which indicates that guanxi
plays an important role in the context of business in all the 3 markets. The industrial fitting
manufacturer and it relates to the company which knew its operations. The main reasons of taken
the step backwards because the distributors were not moving the needles and the relationship
with his customers and cordial which increase the sales and the team identify particularly
effective. Form the social ties with the government which provides the information and aware
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the specific policies of government and also access to the exclusive to resources. The culture of
the Japanese usually translated to the harmony of the English. It also implies the conformity and
unity within a social group. The culture of Japanese known as WA which implies the conformity
of within the social group and unity of peaceful which drives the members to the continuation of
the community from their personnel interest. WA consider the society of Japanese which drives
the traditional form of values(Stiebing and Helft, 2018.). It also reflects the harmony of the
decision making and build consequences within the organisation. Harmony between the
employer and employees relationship it gives security of job in the return of the honesty and
loyalty. Teamwork harmony encourage and motivated and discourage the competitive behaviour
of individuals for shaking the harmonious relationship. All the task which is completed in the
group then it gives rewards to the groups rather than individuals. Southern Asia and the term
used to represent the culture and families of India and some authority which individual is
interpreted to light of the context of family. The business hierarchies and social are good in their
religion. The risk taking of the Hindu fatalism adjust their rules and regulation which is fatalism
for the culture of the Indians but it less to do the personnel competence and also more to do fate.
There are so many differences between Japanese and Indian culture because Indian culture is
multi active and the culture of japan is constant. Both the culture are laying on two geographical
areas. There are some aspects which such as the life of family. The differences are japan is quite
archipelago and on the other hand India is larger subcontinent(Laroche and Teng, 2019.).
BLOG POST 3 cross culture studies
Cross culture communication
Keywords:-
Text
Communication term refers to the conveying the meanings from one entity to group to
another through different types such as symbols, understanding sign and semiotic rules. Culture
word refers to the way of living, thinking and picking a set of attitudes, norms, beliefs and values
which are taught and reinforces by other group members. Culture always consist of written and
unwritten laws and principles which guide to an individual for interacting outside the world. The
Cross culture communication describes as the field of studies which looks that different culture
backgrounds peoples communicate with each others and also how to communicate with
endeavour to communicate across the cultures. It involves the differences between people and
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cultures such as the nationality, age, working, race, ethnicity and gender orientation etc. it also
refers to the attempts which are made to negotiate, exchange and mediate difference of cultures
which means of gestures, languages and body language. Cross culture communication describes
as the persons background and influence strongly to the decoding and encoding process of
communication. It defers to belonging to different cultures which communicate with each others.
Individuals have practice culture for varying levels. Work culture at work place and other
cultures which becomes slowly withdraws and an active participate. Cross culture influence by
various academic discipline and it is necessary to avoid misunderstanding which can lead to
conflicts between groups and individuals. It creates trust of feelings and enable operations. The
focus is providing the right direction and response rather than giving the right message. From the
viewpoint and perception communication comes in four basic types. There are 4 types of
communication barriers such as verbal communication which mode is to communicate in word
to convey the messages. It is type of standard method which helps to expressing the thoughts,
sentiment, and expressions(Keith, 2019). Non-verbal communication is a process to
communicate without using of sounds and words. It involves the body languages, gestures, facial
expression and eye contact and there are so may other ways to convey the messages. Written
communication it defers to the communication where sender send and convey the message
through written words. Visual communication includes the display of visual information for
communication. Perception and stereotypes both the words are significant barriers in the cross
cultures. Perception term refers to ones own culture and stereotypes consist to the images which
created in mind for the members of the group and or for a group.
BLOG POST 4 Cross culture studies
Culture and conflict management styles
Keywords:-
Text
Nature of the conflict refers to the moment of true relationship, crisis that strengthen and
weaken, healthy test. Conflicts pushing the individuals from each other or pull it closer and more
intimate to the union. It only contains the destruction and seeds to the grater unity of the
members(Leal, and et.al., 2018.). Conflicts is appeared when the people required different goals
and needs which are prevented and also perceive which has been prevented from others for
achieving the goals and needs. Conflict theory hold the orders of the social which maintained the
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power and domination rather than conformity and consensus. There are conflict theories which
are as following realistic group conflict theory it is a psychological social model of conflict
intergroup. It also explains as the intergroup hostility which rises the results of conflicting the
goals and also the competition, social identity theory involves the portion of the individuals self
concept which derived the membership of the relevant groups socials.
Conflict Management styles is a patterned cluster or response of behaviour which
individuals use in conflicts. There are some factors of persons conflicts styles such as
assertiveness it is a degree for which individuals concerned with their interest, co-operativeness
is a degree which concerned for the interest of others. Dual concern model assumes that it only
preferred the method of handling the conflicts which based on 2 dimensions of underlying which
purpose has to introduce the harmony into model it concerned about the relationship between
other and self. Harmony is a word which focus on making the conflict free relationships for
achieving the goals and objectives. Conflict avoidance is a common feature and one associated
with collectivistic cultures. Culture and typologies of emotions which uses the collectivism and
individualistic culture dimensions(Berry, and Dasen, 2019.). Ego focused is emotions which
describes as anger, guilt and pride and linked to the fulfilling of individuals goals, other focused
emotions such as anxiety, shame and fear which is related to promote the ability for their
interdependent self. Inter actual negotiation conflicts in negotiation conflicts with person which
are negative feeling and ego focused will easily put pressure on their opponents for making
concessions. For getting an agreement other focused and adjust their expectations. Management
of conflicts is important for making the strategies. There are 2 strategies such as win-lose
approach, it is a competitive approach whereby the goals of one party which achieved at the
expenses for others and other one is win-win approach it is a cooperative approach where both
the parties collaborating for bring out a resolution for conflict which is beneficial for both the
individuals and groups.
BLOG POST 5 Cross culture studies
cross culture and negotiation
Keywords:-
Text
The nature of negotiation it is a form of making the decision in which two or more parties
are included to talk with other for effort to resolve their opposing the interest. Negotiation is
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important part for increasing the communication of economy and trading among the countries.
Negotiation is important part for international business activities in process. The western
business negotiation is not only for the corporation and communication in the domain of
economy. There are so many differences in both he western and eastern negotiation such as in
western negotiation it has 12 employees team with it negotiate for collecting the agreements
which governs in the terms of employment. Negotiation is a problem solving exercise. Strategies
and Tactics is applied universally in countries. The implicit of the assumptions where the
participants in negotiations share the informations, approaches, principles and attitudes. It only
focuses on the topic which happen between the parties. There are two types negotiation which
strategy is predominated such as the distributive and the integrative. For an international context
the expectations and assumptions of west not be shared. The strategies which used to negotiate in
eastern cultures where all the substantial research describes as which exchange the informations
openly with each others. It always tries to clear the needs and also due to different level of trust
in negotiation it versus the dignity, cultures etc. At there trust is a commodity which has to earn
through the social interactions rapidly(Carnevale, 2019.).
Qualities of good negotiator is that everything is already prepare and planned with skills,
knowledge of every subject and matter for being negotiated and there is ability to think rapidly
and clearly under the uncertainty and pressure. There is always capabilities to express thoughts
verbally ability to listen properly and understanding the things and always judgemental and
intelligence of general which has quality to persuades others. The key facts of negotiations such
as It know all the outcome ideal and the needs and wants of other parties and also which thing
wants to give away.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Laroche, M. and Teng, L., 2019. Understanding the global consumer culture: Views from eastern
and western scholars, an introduction to the special issue. Journal of Business Research.
Mosse, G., 2018. The culture of Western Europe: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Routledge.
Steinmetz, G. ed., 2018. State/culture: State-formation after the cultural turn. Cornell University
Press.
Stiebing, W.H. and Helft, S.N., 2018. Ancient near eastern history and culture. Routledge,
Taylor & Francis Group.
Keith, K.D. ed., 2019. Cross-cultural psychology: Contemporary themes and perspectives.
Wiley-Blackwell.
Leal, S., and et.al., 2018. Cross‐cultural verbal deception. Legal and Criminological
Psychology. 23(2). pp.192-213.
Berry, J.W. and Dasen, P.R. eds., 2019. Culture and cognition: Readings in cross-cultural
psychology. Routledge.
Carnevale, P.J., 2019. Strategic Time in Negotiation. Current opinion in psychology.
Fisher, G., 1980. International Negotiation. A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Intercultural Press,
Inc., PO Box 768, Yarmouth, ME 04096.
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