Iterative Statements and Control Flow

This assignment delves into the complexities of designing iterative statements in programming languages. It examines key issues such as controlling iteration flow (pretest/posttest), integrating conditional mechanisms within loops, and defining the scope of loop control. The discussion draws upon academic resources and real-world examples to illustrate these design considerations.

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Comparison between Programming Languages
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Comparison between Programming Languages 2
Introduction
Computer programs are alluded as programming. In the era of 1950s, high level languages had
been developed that enables us to develop intense as well as complex programs without having
knowledge of the functionality of CPU. The compiler converts the code into machine language
and then interpret the result in high level languages which are easy to understand by users.
(https://www.pearsonhighered.com/, 2008)
C++ Language
Data Types - In order to write source code of any language, various variables are required to
save some data. This implies when we make a variable we hold a few space in memory.
(http://cds.iisc.ac.in/, 2016). There are some other derived data types such as Abstract,
enumerated, pointer etc. ADTs are able to support Abstraction, encapsulation processes.
(Schmidt, D., C., 2017). The main design issues related to ADT are - Can it be possible to
parameterize these data types? The second main design issue related to data types of C++ is can
it possible to restrict the access through pointers? And the last one is what form of container for
the interface can be provided? (Nguyen, T., 2016).
Arrays - C++ does exclude a built in array type. If the memory of array is allotted to C++, the
first element is remembered and adjoining space adequate to store all components of the array.
The most difficult part is to write the memory which is not reserved by the array and that can
consist of other data from different programs or may be operating systems. (Lewandowski, S.,
M., 2017). The main design issues of arrays include what values can be possible for subscripts?
Can it be possible to allocate arrays, if so then at what time? What should be number of

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subscripts that are allowed in an array? Is it necessary to initialize arrays when their storage is
allocated? (Tiwari, R., 2015).
Arithmetic Expressions –The main issues which needs to be take care before designing
arithmetic expressions are – operator precedence, operator associativity rule, what will be
operator overloading, what will be side effects of operator evaluation in C++ programming?
(http://aturing.umcs.maine.edu, 2017).
Selection Statements – Selection statements are syntax that helps to choose one option when we
have choice between different options. The main design issues of selection statements of C++
language includes what form or type can be used in C++ selection statements, How we can use
Then and Else syntax, How we can specify the importance of nested selectors?
(https://www2.southeastern.edu, 2017).
Iterative Statements – There are two design issues included in C++ iterative statements that
includes what is the process to control the execution of iterative statements and where we have to
write the control mechanism of the loop? (https://www2.southeastern.edu, 2017).
JAVA Language
Name - JAVA
Data Type –Java innovation is utilized to create applications for an extensive variety of
environment, from consumer to heterogeneous endeavor frameworks. (Perry, J., S., 2010). The
main design issues regarding data types of JAVA can include how to define syntactic unit where
we have to encapsulate the type definition? What is a technique that can be used for making type
names as well as subprogram headers? Why it actually hides the definitions? What are the few

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primitive operations that must be incorporated with the language processor
(http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/, 2017).
Array – The main design issues that are incorporated in array definition are - what legal
subscripts can be possible, is it possible to check subscript expressions in element reference
range, when it is possible to bound subscript range, Is it possible to bound multidimensional
arrays and how we can index arrays? (Lewandowski, S., M., 2017).
Arithmetic Expression – The design issues that are included in arithmetic expressions are -
what is the right order to evaluate operands, is it possible to define user defined operators, what
mode of mixing can be possible in expressions? (http://courses.cs.vt.edu, 2017).
Selection Statements – The selection statement design issues incorporate what is the frame and
type of the articulation that controls the selection, how we can specify then and else conditions in
a statement, how should the significance of nested selectors be determined? (http://cs2.uco.edu/,
2017).
Iterative Statements –Its design issues include - How to control iteration statements, what are
its entrance and its exit, where we have to use the control mechanism in the defined loop?
(http://cs2.uco.edu/, 2017).
PASCAL Language
Name – Pascal Language
Data Type - Pascal, is the programming language of today that permits nested procedure
definitions to any level of profundity, and furthermore permits most type of definitions and
presentations inside subroutines (procedures and functions). The main design issues regarding

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data type include - character type can be defined as primitive type or only a special kind and the
length of string can be taken as static or dynamic? (Christine, 2017).
Array – All the language have similar array definition with different syntaxes. Design issues of
arrays of PASCAL language include can it be possible to support any type of slices, how we can
initialize array objects, what subscripts range bound can be possible? (Christine, 2017).
Arithmetic Expressions – The design issues regarding arithmetic expressions are - how Type
mixing can be possible in expressions, what are the side effects of Operand evaluation, how we
can define associativity rule in operators?
Selection Statements – The design issues of selection statements lies in how nested selector can
be specified, how we can use Then and Else in a selection statement? (Pratibha, 2017).
Iterative Statements – The iterative statements of PASCAL have different design issues. These
include how we can control the execution of iteration statements, how nested selector can be
specified in the statements? (Pratibha, 2017).
PYTHON Language
Name – Python Language
Data Type –Its design issue while defining data type is what operations can be possible with
data types and how these data types can be used in a syntax?
Array – The array has different design issues that include - Is it possible to check subscripting
expressions in element references range, when to bound subscript range?
Arithmetic Expressions – Its design issues are - what are mode mixing expressions, how we can
define the operator precedence rule, what is operator overloading?

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Selection Statements – Selection statements of PYTHON language has also some design issues
that are - how we can specify selection segments, how we can represent selector expression
value?
Iterative Statements – Iterative statement’s design issues are - how it is possible to control the
flow of execution of iteration statements, how we can defined the control in a statement –
pretest/ posttest, the conditional mechanism needs to be integral part of the exit or only body of
loop? (http://www.tamps.cinvestav.mx, 2017).
References
Abstract Data Types. Retrieved from - http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/ICS/sukairi/ics313(021)/11-
Abstract%20Data%20Types.pdf
Arithmetic Expressions. Retrieved from -
http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~cs3304/Spring04/notes/Chapter-6/Expressions.pdf
Chapter 7 - Expressions and Assignment Statements. Retrieved from -
http://aturing.umcs.maine.edu/~meadow/courses/cos301/cos301-7.pdf
Christine (2017). Chapter 6 - Data types. Retrieved from -
https://chii90.wordpress.com/2013/04/06/chapter-6-data-types-review-questions/
Expressions and Assignment Statements. Retrieved from -
http://www.tamps.cinvestav.mx/~gtoscano/clases/Prog/archivos/expressions.pdf
Introduction to Computers and Programming. Retrieved from -
https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/samplechapter/0/3/2/1/0321537114.pdf

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Learn C++ programming language. Retrieved from -
http://cds.iisc.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/DS286.AUG2016.Lab2_.cpp_tutorial.pdf
Lewandowski, S., M. (2017). Design Issues In Java and C++. Retrieved from -
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.31.1547&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Nguyen, T. (2016). Abstract data types. Retrieved from -
https://www.slideshare.net/TonyNguyen197/abstract-data-types-61715316
Perry, J., S. (2010). Java language basics - Object-oriented programming on the Java platform.
Retrieved from - https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/tutorials/j-introtojava1/index.html
Pratiba (2017). Expressions and statements. Retrieved from -
http://www.eenadupratibha.net/pratibha/engineering/pro_lan_exp_and_Sta_Unit4.html
Schmidt, D., C. (2017). Object-Oriented Design and Programming. Retrieved from -
http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/C++-adts4.pdf
Statement-Level Control Structures. Retrieved from -
https://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/kyang/2014/Fall/CMPS401/ClassNotes/
CMPS401ClassNotesChap08.pdf
Tiwari, R. (2015). What is an array? What are the design issues for arrays? Retrieved from -
http://mpstudy.com/what-is-an-array-what-are-the-design-issues-for-arrays/

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