Corporate Social Responsibility and Islamic CSR in UAE Property Companies

This report analyzes the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and Islamic CSR in UAE property companies such as Emaar, Damac, and Dubai Properties. It examines the impact of their activities on the community and the difference between western CSR and Islamic CSR. The report also discusses the levels of CSR, including community service, philanthropy, and governance.

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CSR and ICSR
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Executive Summary
The report aims at analyzing the importance of giving back to the community for actively
engaging in activities with them. It is aimed at giving back to the community especially in the
UAE what the government cannot fully concentrate in giving. We look at three companies that
are based in Dubai, United Arab emirates. These companies are Emaar properties, Dubai
properties and Damac properties. They aim at giving back to the community since they are large
corporates worth billions and have billion worth of dollars in revenues each year. The companies
grow a rapport with the intended community’s therefore making them a darling in the eyes of the
general public. The report aims at promoting the welfare and wellbeing of the people. This can
only be done by taking advantage of the new channels of communication with stakeholders and
conducting a thorough analysis of the company's value chain. This will help them both to
minimize risks and to detect business opportunities through active listening to the expectations
and demands of the stakeholders. Consumers have felt powerless in the face of big business.
They did not have the power to face their activities, nor did they have the capacity to ensure that
their protests had sufficient echo. But that is changing with social networks and new
communication channels between companies and their interest groups. It is always appreciated
that such initiatives such as health programs, school and education mentorship programs and
more which aims at improving the communities are given by the companies.

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Introduction
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been an area of interest in many organizations
and the public at large. CSR mitigates the impact of their activities. The following companies
impact the society in a big way in corporate social responsibility in the UAE. Emaar, Damac and
Dubai properties are all property companies operating in the UAE.
Background of the companies
Emaar
It is a real estate development company that is based in the United Arab Emirates. Its net
worth as at May 2017 was $ 14.6 billion dollars and is a public stock company listed in the
Dubai Financial Market. It is a property management company operating internationally with
more than six business segments and 60 active companies(Corporate Social Responsibility,
Corporate Restructuring and Firm's Performance, 2010). It has a market presence in 36 markets
all across the globe especially in the Middle East, North Africa, North America and some parts
of Europe and Asia. It is specifically known for large projects it undertakes and the most
significant is the Burj Khalifa which is the tallest building in the world.
Damac
Founded in the year 2002, Damac properties is part of Damac group of companies that
were established in the 1992 by Hussain Sajwani who is the chairman, founder and owner.
Among the first that the company that is based in the Middle East has done was to list in the
London Stock Exchange. It was the first company from the Middle East to list in LSE through
the popular and most acclaimed global depository receipts program(Koutra, 2013). The IPO

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raised $ 379 million which was exceptionally good for the company’s growth agenda. It listed
itself in the LSE as DFM in ordinary shares and began trading in Dubai in January 2015. It has
employed more than 2000 people and its revenue in 2016 was close to $ 1.947 billion.
Dubai Properties
It is a member of Dubai Holdings group. It is a property management company that is
based in United Arab Emirates and was founded in 2004. Its Chief Executive is Abdulla Bin
Lahej and has several subsidiaries like Salwan LLC and salwan property management LLc. It
has handled quite a number of high profile properties which include Bay avenues, vision tower,
bay squire and Jumeirah Beach residence.
All these companies have one thing in common, they all are actively engaged in
community social responsibility(Ravi Raman and Lipschutz, 2010). The importance of corporate
social responsibility are Before, any conflict could be maintained within certain geographical
limits, which allowed to exercise certain "damage control", now that possibility no longer exists
because the Internet makes the information available and accessible to all people, no matter in
Where are they? Companies are more exposed than ever to the reactions and opinions of interest
groups, and they have more means than ever to be able to exert pressure and "impose" their
demands on companies. Consumers have felt powerless in the face of big business. They did not
have the power to face their activities, nor did they have the capacity to ensure that their protests
had sufficient echo. But that is changing with social networks and new communication channels
between companies and their interest groups.

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The new situation is good for companies and interest groups. It is good for these because the
power of will move from large corporations to interest groups, balancing a balance that until now
has been too inclined towards the interests of companies, without taking into account the
interests of the other affected parties(Gond and Moon, 2012). Likewise, it is beneficial for
companies because they will be forced to pay more attention to the demands and expectations of
stakeholders, so that companies will have a more accurate analysis of their environment and will
discover new business opportunities that had gone unnoticed before. Let's see the example of
three companies that have had to change their activities because the impacts produced have been
reported by the interest groups.
Literature review
CSR and Islamic CSR
Corporate social responsibility is a company giving back to the community due to their
activities they are engaged in. on the other hand Islamic corporate social responsibility requires
both substance and form in sharia compliancy. While it is a voluntary act in many financial
institutions it is actually a religious requirement in sharia laws to give. This is because in Islamic
religion, institutions like the property institutions being under analysis are considered to be part
of the wider environment. As part of the religious economic ethic paradigm, Islamic institutions
are expected to operate in objectivity and framework given in sharia laws. It is therefore
imperative for Islamic institutions to contribute to the larger environment(Hopkins, 2012). For
Emaar, Damac and Dubai properties, it is fundamental that they contribute towards the
betterment of the environment in which they co-exist. All stakeholders should be involved
inorder to remove all the barriers while giving to the community. This ensures that the

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companies and the community both grow vertically and horizontally. Empirical studies however
show that Islamic institutions are not fulfilling their corporate social responsibility. Damac
Damac properties, from the UAE group Damac, is committed to improving the use of
substances from all its products after campaign on social media. This has been possible thanks to
the signatures and the support of thousands of people through social media, something that
would have been much more difficult a few years ago.
Campaign launched through change.org. This is a clear example of how consumers can channel
their protests, not through large corporates like Emaar, but through individual requests driven
through social media such as Facebook or Twitter.
This situation of "democracy of the interest groups" will not change and will continue to tip the
balance towards the stakeholders. What can companies do? Basically they only have one
alternative: Integrate the demands of the stakeholders in their strategies, anticipating these
demands and adopting a more proactive position(Zhao, n.d.).
Research question
In this research the question is what is the difference between western CSR and Islamic CSR and
their impact to the community.
An interest group is anyone who is directly or indirectly affected by the activities of a company.
Currently in UAE there is an increased interest and development of reporting concepts, which
includes both financial reporting, and on environmental and social components of activities. The

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purpose of such reporting is, inter alia, in identifying and assessing the contribution of companies
to the sustainable development of the socio-economic environment.
Thus, the disclosure of information on various areas of the company's activities demonstrates
that management recognizes the need for information about who influences the decisions it
makes and who has the ability to influence their outcome, i.e. information on stakeholders.
The term "stakeholder" is literally translated as "stake owner (interest recipient), mortgage
holder". Initially, the term indicated the manager (trustee) of a disputed, mortgaged or trust
property. Later, this concept began to take a broader meaning. In this connection, it is of
scientific interest to determine the boundaries of the interconnection and interaction of
stakeholder theory and the theory of corporate social responsibility.
In particular, research within the framework of corporate social responsibility pays attention to
the duties of companies in relation to society within the framework of the normative concept, but
do not contain specific methodological recommendations (Alamer, 2015). Society is a formation
consisting of a multitude of structures expressing different interests and demands. However,
research in the field of corporate social responsibility mostly examines the issues relevant at this
stage of the theory development, for example, what structures of society are of primary
importance and do not affect the problems of the existence in society of mutually exclusive
needs.
The definition of corporate social responsibility assumes that commercial organizations are
obligated to serve the interests of society. In order to answer the question, how do they do this to
make sure that CSR is achieved, it is necessary to consider the concept of "corporate social

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susceptibility". Susceptibility is an ecological concept of the organization's survival through
adaptation to environmental conditions, which was originally seen as the ability of a corporation
to respond to social pressures. The idea of the concept is that organizations should have a basic
understanding of the environment in which they function in order to be able to adapt to it. When
discussing the essence of the concept, analysts agreed that corporate social responsibility can be
perceived as a noun, susceptibility is a verb . In other words, corporate social responsibility is
more a normative philosophical imperative, while corporate social susceptibility is linked to the
organization's policy to solve external and internal problems. Currently, two questions are
topical: can the concept of corporate social susceptibility replace the concept of corporate social
responsibility, or they can be combined into one concept, and whether it is necessary to refine the
concept of a corporate social susceptibility spine in the context of stakeholder management? If
the concept of corporate social responsiveness can replace the concept of corporate social
responsibility, then the latter should be included in the first( Ali and Mahmood, 2017).
But to accept this fact means to ignore the fact that the company can be very flexible and
inadequately socially responsible. Thus, the susceptibility expands and deepens the concept of
social responsibility, but does not replace it. Since the concepts under consideration can be
viewed as two separate but complementary, many scholars have sought to integrate them into
models of "corporate social activity" in order to make the concept of corporate social
responsibility operational component, and corporate social susceptibility -. ICSR represent
thematic categories of organization, and offer an organizationally-oriented model of corporate
social activity, which takes into account social pressure and implemented policies. The Wood
model covers even social results. This model pays great attention to the processes of the second

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category, i.e. addresses environmental assessment, conflict resolution and management of
stakeholder relationships.
Findings
The concept of corporate social activity is quite useful for the company. Nevertheless, in
a huge amount of data that are involved in research, a pragmatic but equally important question
arises: Does the concept of corporate social activity offer operational tools by which company
managers can recognize and discuss sources of pressure from outside actors?
More focused attention to the issue: what is corporate social activity. Wood defines it as a
business configuration based on the principles of social responsibility, social susceptibility, and
how they relate to the social relations of the organization. We have already discussed a model of
Wood's corporate social activity that includes several dimensions with broad application areas
and is inextricably linked to the notion of "social responsibility." The question of whether all
social problems should be managed by commercial organizations is also topical (Aribi and Arun,
2015). Many CSR argues that not all social issues are business issues. In addition, the company
as a whole cannot be held responsible for all social problems faced by society.
Community service, philanthropy and governance
There are various levels of CSR which includes community service , philanthropy and
governance. Community service means giving to the community and doing a service for a
worthy cause. Most employees of the companies are involved in volunyary community service
and is good marketing for the company.

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Philanthropy on the other hand is giving at will what the community wants. Its an act of kindness
shown by the rich and the wealthy in a society. Most of humanitarian works are regarded as
philanthropy and are good for the community,
Governance is the sustainable and good use of resources to avoid corruption of any form. Good
governance is associated with growth and development of an institution.
The research adds that the difficulty with the notions of corporate social responsibility,
receptivity and activity lies in the fact that they consider "all aspects of the meaning of the word"
society ". In support of his position, Clarkson develops a list of issues related to corporate
performance. He believes that all the issues on the list are typical problems of stakeholders, but
in essence they are not caused by concern for the well-being of society as a whole. Based on the
foregoing, it can be said that stakeholder theory is necessary precisely because it serves as the
basis for implementing the company's strategy, as well as the actions and objectives of some
stakeholders, thereby offering managers of economic entities a more understandable picture of
interaction. CSR points out that there is a need to understand current issues The processes of the
concept of corporate social susceptibility and that future research should include such issues as:
the ability to determine which environmental problems should be reacted and how to prioritize;
methods related to the external environment; managerial efforts to develop and implement
"flexible programs and policies" and "standard operating procedures," and also to answer the
question of their effectiveness. All of the above areas need further detailed research when the
notion of business responsibility will be refracted through the prism of stakeholder theory. Only
by reviewing the companies in cooperation with the main stakeholders, one can fully study the

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tasks posed to the business in modern conditions. Social responsibility of entrepreneurship in the
development of the economy and society
Disputes about the role of entrepreneurship in society gave rise to numerous arguments for and
against social responsibility.
Here are the arguments in support of social responsibility.
1. In the interests of the matter, engage in social activities. This argument can be stated in two
forms: positive and negative. The positive form is based on the concept that the fulfillment of
obligations to the society in the long term by the producers brings profit to the organization
itself. The negative side of this argument is based on the assumption that it is in the interests of
the entrepreneur himself to deal with social problems, because society will sooner or later require
that he do it. According to this argument, if the organization does not take an active part in
solving social problems, society may not use its products. This argument also confirms that
social responsibility ultimately provokes great interest among organizations, since it helps to
prevent a possible government intrusion into their activities in the future.
2. Implementing social programs can be profitable. Although there is no clear evidence of the
existence of a causal relationship between the social activities of the organization and profits, it
is believed that supporting social affairs contributes to the long-term profitability of the business

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organization. For example, a large corporation in the implementation of a social program to
improve the level of education, financially supports a university. The benefits that the
corporation has from such cooperation are obvious: it can recruit promising graduates (Belal,
2016).
3. Ethics require it. This argument is based on the fact that the organization must deal with social
issues, since it has moral obligations to society to do this.
4. In any circumstances, the law cannot be ignored. According to this statement, any firm has
obligations to support a legal society. This argument emphasizes the existence of a close
relationship between the legal and ethical aspects of social activity. The desire to behave
ethically often accompanies the desire to behave according to the law. It can be argued that a
company that takes initiative and voluntarily participates in the implementation of social
programs, more respects laws than others.
Factors limiting social responsibility are the following.
The solution of social problems should be in the competence of the government.
Proceeding from this, the organization fulfills all its social obligations already by the fact that it
receives profit, taxes provided by the state with a sufficient amount of funds for carrying out
social programs. As a result, it turns out that firms still somehow participate in social activities,

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so this argument refutes the assertion that profit is the only reason for which the enterprise
functions.
Approaches to the interpretation of corporate social responsibility
Currently, many UAE companies are thinking about corporate social responsibility
(CSR) and are increasingly implementing social programs. Objectively, in the implementation of
such projects, the state, business and citizens should equally be interested.
Methodology
During the report analysis a number of methods were used to get information. The most
important one was interviews.
1. Interview
All the three companies have many employees. Example Dubai properties has close to 2000
employees. Although not all were interviewed quite a number were engaged in an interview to
elaborate various plans that the company has in conducting its corporate social responsibilities.
For Emaar , a total of 30 employees were interview with the most senior being the chief

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executive officer of the company and the most junior being a property management staff. They
have very many insights on the importance, effect and impact of giving back to the community.
2. Observation
These method is very effective and it involves the use of eyes to get information that is first
hand. During the research analysis, we went with some of the companies to observe how they do
their corporate social responsibility. We went to many areas in Dubai with Emaar and Damac
properties and found interesting facts on CSR in UAE.
3. Questionnaires
It is a form of data collection method that involves filling of questions that are asked by the
researches. Such examples of questions that were asked by the researcher include, what kind of
activity the company is involved with the community, the number of activities the company
carries annually, the amount of money that is used for the CSR and its impact to the community
living in Dubai.
4. Survey
Although an expensive method it is among the most effective form of data collection.
Surveys take quite a long time to collect data and to analyses it to its intended purposes. Surveys
were done to all the three companies regarding CSR.
Discussion

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However, the specificity of the business is that it begins to implement corporate social
projects not because it is influenced by public opinion, but because various social projects bring
returns and in some ways are "useful" to him.. Evolution of the concept. .:
The problems of changing the role of the state in the economy, lobbying and corruption play a
very serious role on a national and global scale. However, in their "daily life" large, medium and
small companies and firms are much more likely to interact with the authorities of two other
levels of government - regional and municipal.
It is here that the real result of such interaction can be traced, the goal of which, in the final
analysis, is to establish a dialogue between citizens, society and power. Citizens ultimately act as
"consumers" and "experts" of interaction between business and government, feeling its results on
the conditions of their life. Corruption and lobbyism put forward the responsibility of the state
for establishing a dialogue between the authorities and business.
However, as we go down the hierarchy of management to the municipal level, it becomes
absolutely clear that responsibility also falls on business. At the regional and local level, he has a
real opportunity to express himself by participating in solving everyday problems, and not only
lobbying bills that radically change the position of the industry or the strategy for the
development of the country's economy as a whole.

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Therefore, when discussing the problems of interaction between business and government, the
role of business in the life of society, the question of social responsibility of business, the need to
build and implement corporate social responsibility programs is increasingly emerging.
However, the lack of information on the positive experience of CSR implementation, the
paternalistic approach of the state, and the conservatism of UAE companies are largely hindering
the introduction and wide dissemination of corporate social programs in UAE.
The state is largely responsible for ensuring that corporate social responsibility programs are
widely used. It must recognize that the implementation of CSR is a voluntary commitment on the
part of the business, this is due to the material costs that the business must pay for. In the current
UAE legislation on CSR, there are significant gaps in the liquidation of which both the state and
business are interested.
One of the difficult moments in UAE practice is the fact that there is a difference in the
interpretation of corporate social responsibility and the task of the state, first of all, is to clarify
this issue. It is not just that different official organizations give different interpretations of this
term, as was shown in the previous studies (Miska and Stahl, 2016). According to the
Association of Managers of UAE, the understanding of this term among different strata of the
population also does not coincide:

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The answers to these questions can be found in the results of the survey of the Association of
Managers "Corporate Social Responsibility: Public Expectations". About 50% of the consumers
surveyed named the quality of the product as the main component of corporate responsibility
Vectors of the development of corporate social responsibility of entrepreneurship in modern
UAE (Monks and Minow, 2011). It is through such characteristics as the quality of products that
a company can profitably communicate with the market from the position of its own social
responsibility. From this it follows that the quality of the goods can earn the necessary scores,
create a reputation for the company and, thus, attract new customers. During the study, various
groups of respondents were asked to define corporate responsibility. Respondents noted several
characteristics. In addition to the quality of the goods, the most important signs of corporate
responsibility are: compliance with laws, payment of taxes in full, and taking measures against
environmental pollution. A necessary part of corporate responsibility was also called concern for
employees of the company, which basically should be expressed in providing them with decent
wages. Less important, from the point of view of consumers, is the renewal of equipment and
technological processes. Partly this is due to the fact that these factors are closely correlated with
the quality of products and for the consumer are laid exactly in the last indicator. Perception of
corporate responsibility by managers (Mallin and Ow-Yong, 2014). According to the research, as
the main characteristics of corporate responsibility managers, as well as consumers, were named:
production of quality products, compliance with laws, payment of taxes and taking measures
against environmental pollution. Differences between the views of managers and the public arise
in the column "caring for employees." The managers believe that concern for the team should be
expressed in improving the working conditions. The question arises: how can this problem be
solved without causing damage to either one the other side? If you focus on the experience of the

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West, then an effective solution to this problem can be to finance the retraining of dismissed
employees and help in finding a workplace. One of the optimal solutions in the search for
consensus is the creation of new productions. This allows you to take care of the population and
thus express corporate responsibility. Particularly officials are worried about the tools for
developing companies' understanding of the need for such responsibility. They believe that
coercion in this case is not the best option ( Platonova and Mohammad, 2016). To develop
corporate responsibility, you can use tax benefits, access to preferential loans as incentives. In
this regard, the appeal to Western experience will be very useful. Also, according to officials,
corporate responsibility should be promoted in the media, which will positively affect the
formation of public opinion on this issue (Khan and Amann, 2016). But at the moment, the
media is more likely to maximize profitability and is not interested in such propaganda. Vision of
corporate responsibility by journalists. Journalists take a very vague position in their attitude to
corporate responsibility. So there are two basic views. Some journalists believe that corporate
responsibility is a polluting influence of the state on business. Companies under state pressure
are forced to take on extra care. According to this group, business should engage in business, and
the state should bear responsibility for the social support of its citizens. However, another part of
journalists considers corporate responsibility to be quite reasonable and necessary function of
business (Monks and Minow, 2011). They justify this by the fact that the current successes of
companies are based on the Soviet era, there are no other institutions in the country that could
tepid on behalf of hired employees and defend the interests of people to whom the business pays
penniless salaries, thereby increasing social stratification. It is for these reasons that business
itself should be socially responsible, without relying on it for any support of the state. After all,
any help from the latter is used only as a competitive advantage (Kaplan and Montiel, 2017).

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Conclusion
There is a big difference between western CSR and Islamic CSR. The difference storms
out of the difference in dominant cultures and religion in both . In western CSR, a company may
or may not be obligated to conduct any CSR, however, for public relations they carry out the
CSR anyway. Islamic CSR on the other hand is mandatory as stipulated by the Islamic laws. The
sharia laws emphasizes on giving which is an act that has been commanded by God. Giving back
to the community is fundamental in Islamic CSR( Arshad and Summers, 2014).
The conclusion that follows from the results of the research boils down to the following:
the understanding of the social responsibility of enterprises by different categories of the
population does not coincide in everything. Each group of respondents focuses on a certain
indicator of corporate responsibility. So, for consumers it is, above all, the quality of products,
compliance with laws, payment of taxes, taking measures against environmental pollution, as
well as improving working conditions, expressed in high wages. The view of managers partly
coincides with the position of the population. However, from the point of view of the working
conditions themselves, they focus more on investment in production and new equipment, which
is quite explainable expanding, as a result of this, the possibilities for decision-making. The
population, without denying the importance of investment, still speaks more about wages.
Officials in the definition of corporate responsibility focus on the tools of its development in
business (Mallin, 2013). They emphasize the importance of the state's role in supporting the
business developing these programs, as well as the invaluable role of the media. In turn,
journalists do not give an unambiguous definition of corporate responsibility. Some of them
consider the content hiding under this concept, an additional burden for business, imputed to him

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by the state. The processes of the concept of corporate social susceptibility and that future
research should include such issues as: the ability to determine which environmental problems
should be reacted and how to prioritize; methods related to the external environment; managerial
efforts to develop and implement "flexible programs and policies" and "standard operating
procedures," and also to answer the question of their effectiveness. (Uddin and Islam, 2016) The
other part adheres to the position of compulsory social responsibility of business. It should also
be noted that the social responsibility of business is multilevel in each of which the role and tasks
of the state and business are different (NYSE corporate governance proposals, 2003). Most of
these areas cannot be realized by the simple will of the state, but requires more fine-tuning of the
relationships between business and government authorities at all levels. In order for business to
be more motivated and understanding about the need to implement corporate social
responsibility programs, it is necessary to create motivating conditions. Such motives of social
responsibility of business include: Corporate social responsibility (CSR): the experience of the
state State in relation to corporate social responsibility has significant differences depending on
the country in which the business operates. The greatest development of regulatory impacts on
CSR belongs to the people.
The property companies will only increase their contributions to the society. In return the ripple
effect is that the society trusts the organizations more. They trust the companies giving back and
developing the community. All these companies aim at enhancing the social development of the
UAE community through giving part of their profits back (Sheikh, 2003). ICSR can be so much
effective if all other corporates are involved just like Emaar properties, Dubai properties and
Damac properties. Stakeholders must be involved in the decision making in what the community
wants to be given. I would even say that we are witnessing the birth of the "stakeholdercracy", or

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a very important increase in the ability of interest groups to influence the decisions of companies.
The desire to behave ethically often accompanies the desire to behave according to the law. It
can be argued that a company that takes initiative and voluntarily participates in the
implementation of social programs, more respects laws than other(Kolk and Ma, 2015.).
All of the above areas need further detailed research when the notion of business responsibility
will be refracted through the prism of stakeholder theory. Only by reviewing the companies in
cooperation with the main stakeholders, one can fully study the tasks posed to the business in
modern conditions. Social responsibility of entrepreneurship in the development of the economy
and society (Yusuf and bin Bahari, 2015). According to the research, as the main characteristics
of corporate responsibility managers, as well as consumers, were named: production of quality
products, compliance with laws, payment of taxes and taking measures against environmental
pollution. For there to be development, growth and harmony between corporations and the
communities, social corporate responsibility must be fundamentally entrenched in the roots of
the society (Young, 2019). The good thing is that ICSR has been defined and greatly discussed in
the sharia laws in Koran as part of Islamic compliance. CSR points out that there is a need to
understand current issues. The processes of the concept of corporate social susceptibility and that
future research should include such issues as: the ability to determine which environmental
problems should be reacted and how to prioritize.

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Appendix A
Link

25
https://www.google.com/search?
q=ICSR&oq=ICSR&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i61l3j0l2.19761j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
Appendix B
https://www.google.com/search?
q=CSR&oq=CSR&aqs=chrome..69i59j69i57j69i60l4.7497j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.google.com/search?
q=property+management+services&oq=property+management+services&aqs=chrome..69i57j69
i61j69i60l2j0l2.9439j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.google.com/search?
q=findings+and+conclusions+in+CSR&oq=findings+and+conclusions+in+CSR&aqs=chrome..6
9i57.9861j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8