CSR In The Delta Niger Region Thesis 2022

Running head: CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Acknowledgements
I would first like to thank my thesis advisor [title] [Name Surname] of the [School / Faculty
name] at [University name]. The door to Prof. [Last name] office was always open whenever I
ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research or writing. He/She consistently
allowed this paper to be my own work, but steered me in the right the direction whenever he
thought I needed it.
I would also like to thank the experts who were involved in the validation survey for this
research project: [List professional Titles, Name and Surnames of the experts who
participated/contributed]. Without their passionate participation and input, the validation survey
could not have been successfully conducted.
I would also like to acknowledge [title] [Name Surname] of the [School / Faculty name] at
[University name] as the second reader of this thesis, and I am gratefully indebted to his/her for
his/her very valuable comments on this thesis.

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Executive Summary
The corporate social responsibility forms an essential part of any organizations overall corporate
strategy. The firm functions in the society with an aim to ensure that, it is successfully being able
to meet with the different needs of the stakeholders. The focus of the chapter is on the Niger
Delta region. There are various oil companies situated in Nigeria and in relation to this, it
becomes critically important for these companies to undertake adequate initiatives regarding the
society. The primary focus of this dissertation is to highlight the overall importance of the
corporate social responsibility as a whole and examine what drives these activities. The
dissertation follows a comprehensive format whereby various aspects like Introduction,
Literature review and the Research Methodology provide the background of the paper.
Moreover, the Data analysis and Findings chapter discuss the impact of drivers to CSR on the
actual effectiveness of the programs. Certain recommendations have also been provided.

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................6
Overview......................................................................................................................................6
Background of research...............................................................................................................6
Problem statement.......................................................................................................................7
Research aim................................................................................................................................7
Research Objectives.....................................................................................................................7
Research Question.......................................................................................................................8
Hypothesis...................................................................................................................................8
Significance of research...............................................................................................................8
Structure of the Study..................................................................................................................9
LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................................10
Overview....................................................................................................................................10
Concept of Corporate social responsibility................................................................................10
Drivers of the corporate social responsibility in Niger Delta....................................................11
The problematic nature of the organizations.............................................................................15
Critique of the Stakeholder and Shareholder Theory................................................................16
Effectiveness of CSR in the Niger Delta region........................................................................17
Factors influencing the effectiveness of CSR activities............................................................18
Research Gap.............................................................................................................................19
Summary....................................................................................................................................20
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................21
Overview....................................................................................................................................21
Research Outline........................................................................................................................21

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Research Philosophy..................................................................................................................21
Justification of the research philosophy................................................................................21
Research Approach....................................................................................................................21
Justification of the research approach....................................................................................22
Research Design........................................................................................................................22
Justification for the research design......................................................................................22
Research Strategy......................................................................................................................22
Justification for the research Strategy....................................................................................23
Sampling technique...................................................................................................................23
Justification for the Sampling technique...............................................................................23
Data collection...........................................................................................................................23
Justification for the Data collection method..........................................................................24
Data analysis..............................................................................................................................24
Justification for the Data analysis..........................................................................................24
Research ethics, Accessibility and Reliability issues................................................................24
Summary....................................................................................................................................25
DATA GATHERING AND ANALYSIS.....................................................................................26
Overview....................................................................................................................................26
Descriptive Statistics.................................................................................................................26
Inferential Statistics...................................................................................................................33
Hypothesis testing......................................................................................................................37
Summary....................................................................................................................................38
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF THE RESULTS...............................39
Findings.....................................................................................................................................39
Discussion..................................................................................................................................39

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RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................41
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................42
LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH.........................................................................................43
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................44
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................49
Questionnaire.............................................................................................................................49

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INTRODUCTION
Overview
The corporate social responsibility can be essentially described as a self-regulating business
model which tends to contribute towards making a specific study accountable. In line with this,
the business not only owes a considerable responsibility to the different shareholders of the
businesses but instead holds a corporate responsibility towards the different members of the
society as well (Aaron 2012). In line with this, it lays the duty of the large corporations to engage
in an association with the public because of the exploitation which they cause to the different
members of the society. In regard to this, the companies need to be conscious of the kind of
damage they cause to the society especially to the social, environmental and the economic
aspects of the society. Hence, in regard of this, it is integral that, all organizations get involved in
corporate social responsibility aspects and are able to give it back to the society. The aim of the
paper is to outline the overall drivers of CSR in the Nile Delta region, understand the concept of
CSR and in a manner similar to this, assess the effectiveness of the drivers of CSR in the
Nigerian region.
Background of research
The Niger Delta is often referred to as the delta of the Niger River which is located upon
the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. The delta is a densely populated region
which is also known as the Oil rivers because it is a major producer of the palm oil. In addition
to this, this area is seen as a petroleum rich region. The area of the Niger Delta was under the
British Oil rivers and seen as a rich region from 1885 to 1893. In line with this, the area has
turned out to be the biggest manufacturer of petroleum in the country which sells other oils as
identified in the delta as well (Dandago and Arugu 2014). In addition to this, the natural gas of
the oil wells were burnt which then contributed to the environmental problems. For this reason, a
number of private as well as the public companies are getting involved in the engagement of
social obligations which are being undertaken in the form of the corporate social responsibility
activities. The Niger delta is known to have been producing an important portion of the
aggregate wealth in Nigeria and as a result, the entire area has undergone various issues to the
environment and the crumbling infrastructure as well as the related services like the social

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deprivation, the unemployment, heavy poverty as well as the disputes related to endemics.
Hence, this thereby places the responsibility of engaging in various social responsibility
activities on the different companies in the delta region. They are required to provide advantages
such as generating employment at the local level, developing the infrastructural opportunities for
the residents, developing schools and enhancing the overall health care and related delivery
(Enuoh and Eneh 2015). Therefore, in relation to this the objective of this project lies in
understanding the concept of corporate social responsibility and examining the ways in which
various companies in the region have been managing the overall concept of the oil exploration
along with have a positive influence on the society. In addition to this, it has to be understood
that previously, this concept was taken as a non-obligatory aspect whereby there was no law
present in this regard. However, to discuss further, the paper aims to highlight the need of the
CSR activities in a country like Nigeria and analyse the problems being faced by common people
in the region.
Problem statement
The country Nigeria has been devoid of any such regulations which are based on ensuring
that the corporate social responsibility is understood to be a crucial aspect of the various business
aspects. Therefore, in relation to this, the study aims to solve the problem of finding the drivers
of the corporate social responsibility in the Delta Region. In line of this, it is also crucial to
understand how these drivers influence the companies to undertake the CSR activities and the
manner in which the different CSR activities can be carried out successfully.
Research aim
The aim of the research is to find “Effectiveness of Corporate Responsibility and its
main drivers: A critical analysis of Niger Delta Area in Nigeria”. This aim will be fulfilled by
finding a relationship between the different drivers to the corporate responsibility and the overall
effectiveness of the activities.
Research Objectives
The primary objectives of the research can be understood to be as follows:
 To identify what drives CSR in Niger Delta. To analyse the concept of CSR

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 To evaluate the effectiveness of CSR in Nigeria. To find the relationship between the drivers of the CSR and the Corporate
Responsibility in Niger Delta To provide recommendations to the oil companies in the Niger Delta region so that
their overall corporate social responsibility activities can be improved.
Research Question
The research questions which have been set out for the purpose of the research can be understood
to be as follows:
 What drives CSR in Niger Delta? What is the concept of CSR? How effective is the CSR activity in Nigeria? What is the relationship between the drivers of the CSR and the Corporate
Responsibility in Niger Delta What recommendations can be given to the oil companies in the Niger Delta region so
that their overall corporate social responsibility activities can be improved?
Hypothesis
The research hypothesis of the study can be understood to be as follows:
Independent variable: Drivers of the corporate social responsibility
Dependent Variable: Corporate social responsibility
H1: The Drivers of the Corporate Social responsibility have a significant impact on the corporate
special responsibility effectiveness in the Delta Niger region.
H0: The Drivers of the Corporate Social responsibility do not have a significant impact on the
corporate special responsibility effectiveness in the Delta Niger region.
Significance of research
`The corporate social responsibility can be understood to be a corporate policy which is
usually adopted by a business in order to reflect on their obligations towards the society. In line
of this, it is essential to facilitate them with best services. Therefore, to understand the concept of

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CSR, it can be stated to be a technique adopted by various companies worldwide to gain the trust
and loyalty of the customers and to achieve the targets of the business as well. Therefore, as the
different individuals in Nigeria have been going through various problems and issues, the
research is aimed at investigating the overall effectiveness of the CSR activities for the Niger
Delta Region and to facilitate the communities of Nigeria by protecting them from harmful
effects of oil chemicals.
Structure of the Study
The structure of the study can be understood to be as follows:
 Chapter 1: The first chapter is based on the Introduction chapter whereby the different
aspects of the study will be discussed and the overall research objectives and questions.
 Chapter 2: The second chapter is based on the Review of Literature whereby the different
topics relating to the corporate social responsibility will be discussed and this will be
followed by the analysis on the same.
 Chapter 3: The third chapter will discuss the Research Methodology which has been
adopted for the purpose of the research and based on this; the research techniques
adopted for the paper will be discussed.
 Chapter 4: The fourth chapter will discuss the overall Discussion and Analysis based on
which the study is based. The findings will also be discussed accordingly.
 Chapter 5: The last chapter will be based on the Conclusion and Recommendations
chapter which will provide the summary of the study.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
Overview
In order to evaluate the overall manner in which the Corporate social responsibility can
be carried out in the Niger Delta region, it becomes very integral for the organization to ensure
that it is successfully able to understand the overall concept of the Corporate social responsibility
as a whole and in addition to this, it is also able to ensure that it will successfully be able to
understand the different drivers which influence the firm to perform well. Hence, the aim of the
Literature review in this chapter is to identify the ways in which the overall concept of the
Corporate Social responsibility can be understood. In addition to this, the various drivers of the
corporate social responsibility can analyzed. Moreover, the ethical problems of the problematic
organization will be examined and additionally, the impact of the Drivers of the corporate social
responsibility will also be examined with respect to the overall effectiveness of the CSR and the
factors influencing it.
Concept of Corporate social responsibility
According to Ogula, Rose and Abii (2012), corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an
effective concept through which companies can easily decide directly to contribute to a better
community and clear environment. Nowadays, it has been seen in the world that there are
various number of issues present in triple bottom line. Over the last so many years, there is
increase total number of companies at national level that started promoting CSR because public
expect them to deal with sustainable and responsible. Corporate social responsible is basically
related with the compliance of human rights values and social safety arrangements. It was
initially related to general market which is characterized through interchange ability of specific
needs of the society (Idemudia 2017). It means that CSR is varies according to the people and its
behavior such as; beneficiaries’ ranges from customers to suppliers and employees to that entity.
It is basically associated with certain law that is basic requirement to the legitimately remain in
the society.
In the opinion of Enough and Eneh (2015), corporate social responsibility is said to be
going beyond all discharge with the contractual legal norms like, those people community that
aimed to create negative impacts on the society. CSR is inherent aspects of Nigeria culture. The

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concepts of good governance as well as responsibility of people in past era can be associated
with the CSR. Societies does not convince all the people to be socially reliable, but they do need
to be responsible for all the activities that are perform in order to provide proper safety and
security to the people. It is empirical evidence in relation to indigenous firms which explore the
overall practices of CSR in Nigeria. It has been analyze that indigenous firms tends to perceive
as well as custom CSR that aimed through addressing all social-economic growth challenges in
Nigeria.
Drivers of the corporate social responsibility in Niger Delta
Nigeria is seen as most populous black nation across the world and is affected in both
sub-Saharan Africa as well as across world economy. This nation is an exemplar of challenges
for attaining sustainable growth. Niger Delta covers vast area of almost 70,000 km2 oil basin in
its southern region of Nigeria and includes almost nine administrative states. It means, large
number of population comes under this one country due to which CSR activities are really
indispensable for community people (Idemudia 2017). CSR is considering as positive steps that
is taken by multinational organization for providing facilities to entire community. In fact, this
tool is used at international level for measuring and comparing the performance of an association
at different level such as; economically, socially and environmentally (Idemudia 2014).
Basically, main idea of this concept is to maintain sustainable business at marketplace which
helps in benefitting market as well as communities too. This can happen by providing best job
opportunity to the unemployed persons and taking care of their health or many more specially
focus on those members who were living nearby factories. Along with this, CSR drivers can also
help in development by accomplishing few things such as; building infrastructure like roads in
order to give advantages to common people in their day to day life.
Thus, some of the essential drivers are; enthusiastic self-interest, investment in
community, maintain honest relationship with public (loyalty with public), enhanced public
connectivity of business by contributing in economy and many more.
According to Gonzalez (2016), these above drivers help in maintaining positive relations
with society which supports in creating positive understand between market and labor. In fact,
Niger delta has gone through distinct problems such as; poverty is one of the major issues which
are identified in the society of Nigeria people. Therefore, programs of CSR helps in offering job

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opportunities which supports in reducing poverty as poor section of society can also fulfill their
basic needs (Usman and Amran 2015). However, companies of Nigeria needs to keep themselves
open in front of public by taking accountability of community for reporting as well as
multinational groups requisite to pay on time taxes for stabilizing the society. As a result, these
things can help Nigeria government in developing their nation economically through the
enhancement of infrastructure too (Idemudia 2017) .
On the other hand, promoters of CSR argue that main focus of these drivers is to provide
best services to the entire societal group of Niger Delta. Basically, it can also define inventories
or business cases by assessing distinct programs. Mainly, CSR is becoming very much
significant because of its demand across global level. Apart from this, there are numerous other
drivers are also identified at marketplace which helps in motivating large number of organization
in Nigeria for being more socially responsible. Thus, some of the key drivers are; governing
bodies, expectation of consumers from corporate world, extent of cost engaged, type of industry,
potential of competitive advantage and many more (Aaron 2012).
For instance; in various countries number of industries are emerging but in Nigeria oil
manufacturer are on top most which influencing overall surrounding of Niger Delta. Thus,
government are responsible for imposing few norms, rules and regulations in order to direct the
oil production groups regarding behaving in a certain manner. Therefore, this driver of CSR
plays a very crucial role as compared to other because organizations or any industries are
bounded to act according to government norms and liable to as per societal needs. Having stated
earlier what lays the drivers to change in relation to the CSR activities, the following section will
discuss the various drivers from the perspective of the organization.
Self interest
The self-interest can be contributed to the fact that, in various scenarios, the organizations
undergo a feeling that they are required to contribute to the overall aspects as present in the
society (Usman and Amran 2015). With respect to this, the various organizations engage in this
with respect to the fact that, they believe that this contribution to the various CSR activities
would be beneficial for them in the long run or they are under the belief that, as an organization,
they are required to undergo these aspects and take initiatives so as to ensure that they are

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successfully being able to contribute to the society and give it back to nature and public. In
addition to this, the overall manner in which an organization will be able to act in its self-interest
also tends to determine the overall manner in which the organization will be able to contribute
effectively (Gonzalez 2016). The self-interest can also be understood to be the interest of the
Managers who are present in the field. This means that, very often the managers tend to be
empathic towards the overall community and this aspect is what makes them interested in
understanding the manner in which the organization performs.
Investment in community
Very often, according to Shamir (2005), the different organizations are under the belief
that they are required to be involved in the community due to the fact that as a firm and a
corporation, they are a part of the organization. It is believed that, any firm which is a part of a
community needs to take from the community as this will enable them to engage in long term
success and sustainable support from the different organizational members. In line with this, it
also becomes crucial for the firm to ensure that it is being able to build a sound community
relationship and hence, this acts as a driver to them and enables them to engage in the activity.
Various organizations are under the belief that they are required to act as per the need of the hour
and it is in relation to this aspect that, they are often under the belief that they will be required to
make a certain share of their overall earnings in the form of the investments (Idemudia 2014). In
line of this, it becomes critically important to understand that, the firm is being able to reflect and
return to the society in the same manner as it will be successfully able to contribute to the overall
public.
Loyalty with public
According to Idemudia (2017), the loyalty with the public forms an essential aspect of the
motives which enable an organization to take considerable procedures and steps regarding the
overall loyalty program which they would be required to engage in. In relation to this, it also
becomes very integral for the firm to ensure that it is successfully being able to engage in loyal
relationships with the public so as to ensure that it is successfully being able to maintain healthy
relationships with them. Cooperation with the firm can be understood to be an essential part of
the organization and its related activities and with respect to this, it is integral that a firm is able

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to engage in initiatives which will bring it support (Usman and Amran 2015). Therefore, the
loyalty which the firm expects from the public can be understood to be a primary driver for
change in an organization. According to Ihugba (2012), the loyalty from the side of the public
can be understood to be one of the greatest reasons why a firm tends to invest in the corporate
social responsibility activities. This can also be mentioned in relation to the fact that, any firm
which is present in the overall management of the business environment would be required to see
to it that, they get the overall support of the different customers who are present. When the firm
invests into the community development in a sound manner, then in such a case, the customers
feel that it is their overall duty to assist the firm in performing well because indirectly, even they
will benefit from this (Usman and Amran 2015).
Enhanced connectivity
The enhanced connectivity also forms an essential part of the firm. With the help of
various corporate social responsibility means and initiatives, it becomes essentially crucial for
the organization that it is able to assist the firms and ensure that, they will be able to get
connected with the firm (Shamir 2008). In regard to this, it becomes very crucial for the firms
present in the Niger Delta region to ensure that, they are successfully being able to meet with the
needs of the customers and through the Corporate social responsibility activity, they will be able
to ensure long term success with the different members of the society. According to
Gilberthorpe and Hilson (2016), this aspect relates to the concept related to the customer loyalty.
As per this driver, the corporate social responsibility activities assist in gaining the prolonged
trust of the different customers who are present and in addition to this, also assist the firm in
gaining enhanced connectivity with the different customers. This enhanced connectivity of the
oil companies will then contribute towards enhanced brand image and long term benefits for the
firm.
Corporate strategy
Very often, the investment which is made is considered to be an effective part of the
corporate strategy itself which has been laid by the founding members in the firm. In regard to
this, it is integral for the firm to ensure that it is successfully being able to take adequate steps
and measures to continue this corporate strategy in the society and that they are being able to

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essentially contribute to the environment and society (Idemudia 2017). According to Makpor and
Leite (2016), various founding members of the organizations often tend to come up with
adequate policies and guidelines which are hinting towards serving the organization in the right
manner. In relation to this, it becomes important for the firm to ensure that, they are able to
follow this founding policy and thereby inculcate the corporate social responsibility as a part of
their corporate strategy which shows the extent to which the firm is responsible and is concerned
with the society as a whole.
Poor environmental conditions
Another driver which leads to an investment in the corporate strategy of the firm can be
understood to be the poor environmental health condition of the Niger Delta region. This means
that, very often the health of the different communities in the Niger Delta region can be
understood to be extremely poor and this may then lead to an initiative from the side of the firm
to encourage in the CSR and thereby improve these environmental conditions (Okpanachi and
Andrews 2012). The environmental and health conditions in the Niger Delta region can be
understood to be considerably very poor. In line with this, it is essential that, aspects like lack of
education in the region, the health conditions and related aspects such as the poor sanitation and
quality of life can be understood to be the scenarios which are highlighted and hence, it is with
respect to this, that the organization would be required to undertake considerate efforts which
would assist these groups and thereby lead to considerable community development.
The problematic nature of the organizations
According to Usman and Amran (2015), as the business can be understood to be a major
part of the society, it becomes very important for the firm to ensure that, it will successfully be
able to engage in a long term relationship with the different communities and society as a whole.
There has been a considerable long term debate among the business analysts with respect to the
social responsibility of the firm. According to Chilaka and Nwaneke (2016), the role of a
business lies to focus on its own profits and ensure that the firm is being able to return back to
the shareholders as present. However, authors like Freeman are under the belief that an
organization is required to apply the Stakeholder theory which states that as a responsible firm
present in the business environment, a firm is required to invest in not only the interests of the
shareholders but in the interest of all the stakeholders which are present in an organization.

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Idemudia (2017), believes that both stockholder and stakeholder theories are the normative
theories of Corporate social responsibility which function with the initiative to provide guideline
to the firm regarding the overall ethical responsibilities of an organization. In line of this, it
becomes integral to understand that, on one hand, where the Stockholders theory is integral and
that the duty of a corporation manager is to maximums in the best way possible to the
stockholder only (Shamir 2005). Another argument in the same field lies that, an organization is
a part of the society and has the responsibility to manage the different needs of the stakeholders
who are not only limited to the stockholders but also belong to the parties like the customers,
government, the public and the suppliers as well. Therefore, according to this theory, it is the
duty of the firm to ensure that, it is successfully being able to meet with the needs of all the
stakeholders as present while take business decisions and hence, this is what drives the business
decisions (Shamir 2005). Very often there lies an ethical doubt in the minds of the different
organizations and this doubt has an effect on their actions. However, the firm is required to
possess clarity with respect to the fact that, being a part of the society, it will be required to
engage in a long term relationship with the different members of the society ( 2012). Moreover,
in order to advance this relationship which the society, the firm generally invests in the society
which assists it in ensuring that, the organization will be able to engage in long term success?
Critique of the Stakeholder and Shareholder Theory
According to Ogula, Rose and Abii (2012), the debate between the Stakeholders and the
Shareholders theory has been elongated since a very long time. In relation to this, the shareholder
approach is under the belief that, the interest of the shareholders must be the ultimate focus of the
company whereas the stakeholder theory believes that all the crucial stakeholders who are
present in the firm are being able to gain the focus of the company in the same way with respect
to which the shareholders are always given importance. Okoro (2014) believes that the
shareholders theory has been designed with respect to the agency theory. In line of this, it is
integral that, the different managers of a firm would be required to act in the interests of the
shareholders as this will assist them in seeing to it that, the primary focus of the firm is carried
out successfully and in line of this, the different managers in the firm are not required to act
within their own interests. This helps in seeing to it that all the operations of the firm are carried
out in an ethical manner (Shamir 2008). On the other hand, the stakeholder approach involves a
larger focus and mentions that, the stakeholder needs are the primary needs of the business and

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these stakeholders are parties like Groups and individuals who affect or are affected by the
achievement of the firms overall missions (Shamir 2005). Hence, the firm should not only be
concerned about the different shareholders but also be concerned about the stakeholders of the
firm. Hence, when the stakeholders are also given importance, the overall social responsibility
of the firm is highlighted and in addition to this, their corporate decisions tend to affect a large
community base. Therefore, understanding of their needs is also crucial for the overall goals of
the firm.
Effectiveness of CSR in the Niger Delta region
In the view point of Wisdom (2012), CSR seeks to provide meager literature on developing
overall economies through delivering a Nigerian perspective of corporate society. A person of
Nigeria tends to make a valuable interesting situation that can explore practices of CSR for so
many reasons. It has been analyze that Nigeria is one of the most popular black-nation in the
world as well as its influence is in both sub-Saharan region. In accordance with the unremitting
political disturbances within the nation that are not connected to the social as well as
environmental aspects that depend at the heart of CSR matters. The major issues are related with
the poverty in midst external negligence and political crime implicates both attitude of Nigerian
to those multinational companies (Cécile and Hervé 2012). In the recent past, it has been
determine that engaging in social program has overcome and balance negative implication
Nigerian people have on their large society. However, plenty of corporation has involved in CSR
activities to develop positive pressure, attract customers as well as investor to cover up very
things that are affecting the growth and development of the Nigerian people.
According to Okoro (2014), there are wide number of analysis on Corporate social
responsibility in Nigeria most of that is having aimed on multinational firms and minimum on
aboriginal people. In case of CSR practice of global nation which is operating in Nigeria would
reflect on the public business operation of their home motherland (Schultze-Kraft 2013).
Henceforth, a common concern in the present drive for international CSR practices is underlying
with all specific assumption of the homocentric construction of activities at national level. Most
of the organizational are concern with creating value to the community in respect to contribute
maximum value to the society to their overall growth and survival (Uduji, Okolo-Obasi and
Asongu 2019). There major attention is been directed to all the potential people of Nigeria that

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are suffering from local support. Public relation is the overall function which can define and
maintain positive relation among people and organization. Providing Nigeria people as the
overall thrust of value and attention is increasing with providing equal employment
opportunities. In Nigeria, consumers are mostly not willing to sacrifice their convenience and
decided to pay maximum price for their good in respects to provide safety to the environment.
As, it has been analyze that because of lack of knowledge or having absence of information that
will allow the society to make informed decision in dealing with buying, utilization and disposal
of products.
In the opinion of Ihugba (2012), CSR tend to implies various ideas and aspects to some
people that connotes the overall concept of legal roles and responsibility and few situation it
becomes a liability of the society. In most conceptual issues that is having identified as primary
factors which impact the extent of social responsiveness towards the Nigeria people. All
individuals or group of people that belong to the Nigeria is having fair relationship with the
environment and make plan to control all those implication that are affecting the society
development. Therefore, investment has to be done in social projects that will only be made in
case a society has a long term benefits (Cécile and Hervé 2012). The economic responsibility
would be seen as overall foundation of the community that is living in Nigeria. The country need
to provide sufficient amount of services and innovative opportunity in near future so that chances
of overall sustainability and growth can be increased for long time (Dandago and Arugu 2014).
Factors influencing the effectiveness of CSR activities
According to Nzeadibe et al. (2015), there exist a certain number of factors which have
an influence on the overall manner in which the CSR initiatives taken by the Nigerian companies
can lead to the success in the long run. Moreover, these factors can be understood to be as
follows.
The Corporate social responsibility uplifts community lifestyle
According to Cash (2012), it is integral to understand that a Corporate social
responsibility activity is deemed to be successful only when they are able to uplift the overall
community lifestyle. In such a scenario, it becomes integral to see to it that, the different
Corporate social responsibility activities which are undertaken by the Nigerian firms will be

19CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
successfully able to improve the overall Corporate social responsibility and related community
lifestyle. This will then assist in ensuring that the firm is successfully being able to attain all its
goals.
Community development
The effectiveness of the corporate social responsibility has to be judged by the level of
community development. In line of this, it is very integral for the different firms to understand
that, the Corporate social responsibility activities which are carried out by them have the
capability to improve the overall community development and lead to various operations as well
as the different lifestyle related opportunities (Renouard and Lado 2012).
Employment creation
The employment creation can be understood to be a relevant aspect of the corporate
social responsibility aspects. All the firms which are involved in the Niger Delta region will be
required to undertake steps which will ensure that, the different firms are being able to undertake
initiatives which create employment facilities for the different employees who are present in the
region. This will also lead to the overall youth development as this will provide an opportunity to
the different members of the community to get involved in adequate employment opportunities.
Health and sanitation aspects
The success and overall effectiveness of the corporate social responsibilities can also be
examined by the overall Health and Sanitation aspects which the firm is able to provide to the
overall community as a whole (Lompo and Trani 2013). In relation to this, it is integral to ensure
that the firm is being successfully able to engage in activities which will assist in improving the
overall health and sanitation parts and thereby engage in ensuring that the firm is being able to
contribute well.
Research Gap
In the field of Literature, adequate gap was found with respect to the overall factors
which influence the effectiveness of the various corporate social responsibilities. Additionally,
the study aimed to fulfill the overall Literature gap as present and seeked to ensure that the firm
was successfully being able to fulfill the research with respect to the topic relating to the overall

20CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
effectiveness of the CSR activities and its relationship to the overall drivers of the corporate
social responsibility in the Delta Niger region.
Summary
Therefore, from the given analysis, it can be rightfully understood that, the chapter aimed
to provide a comprehensive view of the overall concept of the Corporate Social responsibility
and the different drivers of the overall effectiveness of the corporate social responsibility as well.
In relation to this, it is also integral to see to it that, the factors impacting the overall
effectiveness of the CSR in the Delta Niger region has also been analyzed adequately.

21CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Overview
The research methodology forms an integral part of the research study and in order to
determine the overall effectiveness of the independent variables on the dependent variables, it
becomes crucial for the researcher to ensure that they are successfully able to find the different
research techniques which will assist in finding the overall objective of the study. The
justifications of the methods adopted for the research will be provided.
Research Outline
The research study can be understood to be following a comprehensive format with
respect to which, the various concepts like the Research Philosophy, Research Design, Research
Approach and the various methods of Data collection and the Data analysis will be undertaken.
This will assist in finding the impact of the different drivers on the overall Corporate Social
responsibility as a whole.
Research Philosophy
The research philosophy can be essentially defined as the reason for carrying out a
research. The research philosophy generally tends to represent a set of beliefs as well as the
assumptions which need to be undertaken before proceeding with the actual research work. The
research philosophy which has been adopted for this research can be understood to be the
Positivism research philosophy (Burke, Jenkins and Higham 2010). In this kind of a research
philosophy, the role of the researcher is centered on the collection and interpretation of the data.
Justification of the research philosophy
The reason why the positivism research philosophy has been selected for the study can be
contributed to the fact that, it helps in finding the drivers which have an impact on the Corporate
social responsibility as a whole and the manner in which this tends to impact the overall
Corporate social responsibility as a whole (Quinlan et al. 2019).
Research Approach
The research approach is the general emphasis which is usually placed on the causality.
In line of this, the research approach which has been chosen for the purpose of the study can be

22CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
stated to be the deductive approach. In this kind of an approach, the researcher is essentially
responsible for presenting the overall research in the right manner (Silverman 2016). Various
concepts and topics relating to the theories and frameworks in the field of CSR will also be
analyzed.
Justification of the research approach
The reason why the deductive research approach has been adopted is because; it will help
in deducing the logic out of the data which will be collected. This shall thereby assist in deriving
conclusions about a data (May 2010). In line of this, it becomes critical to understand that, it is
through this research approach that, the impact of drivers on the effectiveness of the CSR activity
as a whole can be found.
Research Design
The research design is the overall layout which the researcher usually follows. This helps
in understanding the manner in which the objectives will be explained in the research. The
research design which has been adopted for the purpose of the analysis can be understood to be
the descriptive research design (Alvesson and Sköldberg 2017). The descriptive research design
will be more suitable for the study because it will assist in understanding how the drivers of the
CSR impact its effectiveness.
Justification for the research design
The reason why the descriptive research design has been adopted for the purpose of the
research is because; it will assist in understanding the concept of corporate social responsibility
in a better manner (Snee 2010). In relation to this, the corporate social responsibility as a concept
can be discussed and additionally the manner in which it affects the overall business will also be
determined.
Research Strategy
The research strategy can be understood to be the overall procedure which is adopted for
the purpose of the research. It determines the manner in which the research is carried out and in
addition to this, the overall strategy which is usually adopted for the purpose of the research.
Hence, the research strategy which has been adopted for the purpose of the research can be
understood to be the Primary quantitative research strategy (Quinlan et al. 2019). In line of this,

23CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
it becomes crucial to ensure that, the primary method of data collection is adopted for the
purpose of the study and in line of this the quantitative method is used to prove the hypothesis.
Justification for the research Strategy
The reason why the Primary quantitative method of the research strategy has been
adopted is in order to find the relationship which lies between the drivers of corporate social
responsibility and the overall effectiveness of the same.
Sampling technique
The sampling technique is understood to be the selection of the sampling process and
tools which the researcher tends to adopt for the purpose of the research. In regard to this, the
sampling technique which has been adopted for the purpose of the research can be understood to
be the Simple Random Probability Sampling. In the Simple random probability sampling, the
research is carried out in an unbiased manner (Kumar 2019). A Google form with the questions
is distributed amongst the different respondents and later, their responses are analyzed which
helps them to identify the impact of the dependent variable on the independent variable. A
sample size of 100 respondents has been selected for the purpose of the study (Siegel 2016).
Justification for the Sampling technique
The reason why the simple random probability sampling method has been selected for the
purpose of the research is because; it assists in understanding the impact of the Independent
variables on the Dependent variable in an unbiased manner (Ledford and Gast 2018). In line with
this, it becomes essential to ensure that the view of the community members is essentially
collected as this helps in understanding their problems from a better perspective.
Data collection
The data collection can be understood to be the method which is usually adopted by the
researcher in order to collect the data for the research. The data collection method which has
been adopted for the purpose of the study can be understood to be the primary data collection
technique. In this research technique, the data is usually collected from respondents (Mackey and
Gass 2015). For the purpose of the study, the respondents which have been selected for the
purpose of the study belong to the community members present in Niger Delta.

24CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Justification for the Data collection method
The reason why the primary method of data collection has been adopted can be
contributed to the fact that, it assists in ensuring that the view of the respondents can be
presented in the research strategy and that the study can turn out to be authentic in nature (Kumar
2019). In line of this, it also becomes crucial to ensure that, this research data collection
technique makes it easier to analyze the data accordingly.
Data analysis
The data analysis method is taken as a method which helps in analyzing the data which
has been collected previously (Flick 2015). In line of this, it becomes integral to ensure that, the
data which has been collected, can be aligned accordingly and in relation to this, the overall
objective of the research can be achieved successfully. The Quantitative method of data analysis
has been chosen for the purpose of the research.
Justification for the Data analysis
The reason why the Quantitative method of data analysis has been chosen to be adopted
for the purpose of the research can be contributed to the fact that the Quantitative data analysis
method will assist in finding out the impact of the Independent variables on the Independent
variable (Kumar 2019). Additionally, it shall also contribute towards understanding the manner
in which the opinion of the employees is reflected accordingly. The tools such as correlation and
regression will be made use of for the purpose of the analysis. The SPSS software will be made
use of for the purpose of the study.
Research ethics, Accessibility and Reliability issues
The different ethical problems which exist in line of the research which is usually carried
out can be contributed to the fact that there are domains relating to the accuracy of information,
the data and reliability and overall collection of data. In line with this, the privacy of the relevant
facts needs to be maintained accordingly. Additionally, the foremost ethical issue in the Research
can be understood to be the fact that, as the research participants who are selected are the
Nigerian community members and hence, the researcher will be responsible for the prevention of
dignity, health and overall dignity (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2016). The mistreatments of the
various research projects are also viewed as a point of research misconduct. Hence, in order to
ensure that the accessibility and reliability of the data can be carried out effectively, appropriate

25CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
procedures need to be adopted in order to carry out the research in a comprehensive manner.
Hence, the issues relating to the accumulation of information, the identification of the issue, the
creation of the setting, evaluation of the available options and the set plan have to be determined.
Additionally, resources to understand all the aspects need to be carried out in a better manner.
Summary
Hence, the chapter outlined the various research techniques which have been applied in
the study and which have been used to find the overall research objectives and questions laid
down for the purpose of the study.

26CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
DATA GATHERING AND ANALYSIS
Overview
In the previous chapters, it was understood that, the Drivers of the different corporate
social responsibility activities are crucial to the overall success of the activities which take place
in the region. The different organizations have a crucial role to play in understanding the manner
with the help of which they will be able to ensure success. However, in order to understand
whether the different activities which are undertaken by the organizations are being successful or
not and whether they are actually being able to have an impact on the effectiveness of the
corporate social responsibility aspects in the region, the survey analysis of 100 community
members was undertaken. In regard of this, their view was considered and the relationship
between the drivers to CSR and its overall success was examined. Hence, in the given chapter,
the Descriptive Statistics as well as the inferential statistics will be undertaken. This shall then
contribute towards understanding whether their lies a strong relationship between the Drivers of
the Corporate Social responsibility in an organization and the effectives of the Corporate social
responsibility activities which take place in the Delta Niger region. At the end of the chapter, the
Hypothesis will be tested.
Descriptive Statistics
In the descriptive Statistics section, the Demographic Analysis will be undertaken which
shall contribute to understanding the overall dynamics of the respondents from whom the data
for the research is collected (Temitope Ako 2012). Additionally, their views about the overall
concept of the corporate social responsibility as a whole in the Delta Niger region shall also be
examined.
Demographic Analysis

27CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Gender
Figure 1: Gender
From the given figure, it can be rightfully understood that 54% of the respondents from
whom the data was collected via the survey were male whereas the rest 46% of them were
Female. Hence, through this it can be understood that, the distribution can be understood to be
balanced. In line of this, it has to be understood that the views of both the genders have been
included in the survey which will provide a comprehensive view of the scenario.

28CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Age
Figure 2: Age
The given figure helps in understanding the overall Age group distribution of the
different respondents. In line of this, it can be rightfully understood that, the age group is quite
varied with respect to the fact that, the majority of the respondents belonged to the age group of
18 to 29 years of age. Additionally 23% of the respondents belong to the age group 20 to 39
years of age. 23% of them belong to the age group of 50 years and above and lastly, 22% of the
respondents belong to the age group 40 to 49 years. Therefore, the view point of all the
participants can be understood to have been collected.

29CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Education
Figure 3: Education
The given figure provides information about the Educational qualification of the different
respondents from whom the data was collected. In line of this, it can be witnessed that 46% of
the respondents belong to an educational qualification of High school and below, whereas only
18% of the respondents hold a Master Degree. In line of this, it can also be understood that,
education is an aspect which is strictly required in the Niger Delta region.
Views about the CSR Activities
In this section, the different views which the respondents have about the CSR activities
will be understood.

30CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Awareness about the CSR activity
Figure 4: Awareness about CSR activities
In the given figure, the overall awareness of the different corporate social responsibility
activities was understood. In line with this, it has to be understood that, 58% of the respondents
are aware of the different corporate social responsibility activities. In line with this, it can be
reflected that the rest 42% of the respondents are not aware of the various corporate social
responsibilities in the workplace.

31CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Need of the CSR program in the Delta Niger region
Figure 5: The Need for such programs
When the different respondents were asked about whether they were under a belief that
there is a need for the Corporate social responsibility activities in the Niger Delta, then in such a
scenario, the response of the respondents was inclined towards the fact that 73% of the
respondents were under the belief that there was a need for the CSR programs in the Niger Delta
Region, whereas, the reset 27% of the respondents did not believe in the same.

32CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Area of Focus
Figure 6: Area of focus
The given figure provides information about different areas of focus which the different
Corporate social responsibility activities which will take place in the Niger delta region. In line
with this, it can be understood that, around 50% of the respondents are under the belief that, there
does exist a need for Youth development programs whereas, the rest 21% of the respondents
believed that Health aspects are integral to consider by the firms in the region. 13% of the
respondents were under the belief that, Educational opportunities must be provided to the
community and lastly 16% of the respondents were under the belief that, the programs for
Community development need to be held with respect to the same.

33CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Problems being faced by Niger Delta
Figure 7: The problems being faced
`When the different respondents were asked about the different problems which are being
faced by the Niger Delta, then in such a scenario, 43% of the respondents were under the belief
that Environmental aspects required the most attention and on the other hand, 34% of the
respondents were under the belief that the problem related to the Employment had to solved.
Lastly 23% of the respondents believed that the corporate social responsibility activities are
largely focused about the overall economic activities.
Inferential Statistics
The given section of the report will examine the various aspects which were asked to the
respondents in relation to the Drivers of the corporate social responsibility activities and the
factors which have an impact on the overall Effectiveness of the corporate social responsibilities.

34CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Correlation Analysis
The correlation analysis is a statistical tool which contributes to the learning of the
correlation between different variable sets. The range of the correlation tends to lie between a
range of -1 and 1. In relation to this, it has to be understood that when the correlation coefficient
lies between 0 to -1 then in such case, the correlation between the two variables can be
understood to be negative whereas the when the value of the correlation coefficient is between 0
to 1 then in such a scenario, the correlation coefficient value is positive in nature. A higher
correlation above 0.7 indicates a stronger correlation (Gupta and Gupta 2017). The correlation
analysis has been undertaken to understand the relationship of the various variables amongst
themselves.
Correlation between the factors of the Dependent variable= Effectiveness of the CSR
Table 1
Correlations
The social
responsibility
assists in
uplifting the
community
lifestyle
CSR leads to
community
development
CSR helps in
combating
diseases and
promoting the
health of the
community
members
CSR assists in
engaging in
employment
The social responsibility
assists in uplifting the
community lifestyle
Pearson Correlation 1 .724** .864** .723**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 100 100 100 100
CSR leads to community
development
Pearson Correlation .724** 1 .751** .858**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 100 100 100 100
CSR helps in combating
diseases and promoting the
health of the community
members
Pearson Correlation .864** .751** 1 .729**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 100 100 100 100
CSR assists in engaging in
employment
Pearson Correlation .723** .858** .729** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000
N 100 100 100 100

35CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
From The given table, it can be rightfully understood that the correlation coefficient
between the aspects relating to promoting health and safety and the promotion of community
lifestyle. In line of this the value of the Correlation coefficient can be understood to be a high at
0.864. On the other hand, the correlation coefficient between the community development and
employment creation is the lowest at 0.723 which is still high.
Correlation between the factors of the Independent variable- The Drivers to Corporate social
responsibility
Table 2
Correlations
Public Pressure Envconditions Strategyofthefirm
PublicPressure Pearson Correlation 1 .233* .207*
Sig. (2-tailed) .020 .039
N 100 100 100
Envconditions Pearson Correlation .233* 1 .851**
Sig. (2-tailed) .020 .000
N 100 100 100
Strategyofthefirm Pearson Correlation .207* .851** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .039 .000
N 100 100 100
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
From the above table, it can be rightfully understood that the correlation between the
Environmental conditions and the Strategy of the firms in the Niger Delta region can be
understood to be the highest at 0.851. On the other hand, the correlation between the Strategy of
the firm and the Public pressure can be taken to be the lowest at 0.207.
Regression Analysis

36CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
The regression analysis can be taken to be the quantitative method of analysis with
respect to which the tool makes se of the modeling and analysis which helps in determining the
relationship between the dependent and the independent variable (Anderson et al. 2016). In line
with this, the given regression analysis will help in determining the relationship between the
Drivers to CSR and the factors affecting CSR effectiveness. The software named SPSS has been
used with respect to the same.
Table 3
Model Summary
Model R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .838a .701 .698 .62350
a. Predictors: (Constant), DriversofCSR
The Model summary table is the first table of the Regression analysis and in relation to
this, it has to be understood that, the table provides the results of the R square and the Adjusted R
square. The R square provides the relationship which exists between the dependent and the
Independent variable and in relation to this, it has to be understood that the Correlation between
these variables can be understood to be 0.83 which is positive and high. The value of R2
determines the overall fit of the model and here the value of R square is 0.701 which reflects
that, the model can enable to predict 70% of the relationship and as the difference between R
square and adjusted R square is low, the model is good fit (Rhodes 2015).
Table 5
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 89.493 1 89.493 230.207 .000b
Residual 38.097 98 .389
Total 127.590 99
a. Dependent Variable: CSREffectiveness
b. Predictors: (Constant), DriversofCSR

37CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
The next table has provided with the information regarding the regression model and its
overall capability to determine the relationship between the dependent and the independent
variable. The value of the Significant in the first row determines the statistical significance of the
model. As in this case, the value is les than 0.05, it can be understood that, the Null hypothesis
can be rejected and the Alternate hypothesis is being accepted and there lies a positive and strong
relationship between the various Independent and Dependent variable can be understood to be
strong and verified.
Table 6
Coefficients
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) .272 .147 1.852 .067
DriversofCSR .861 .057 .838 15.173 .000
a. Dependent Variable: CSREffectiveness
The table provides details about the Regression equation and other such values of the
correlation coefficient.
Hypothesis testing
The hypothesis of the study can be identified to be as follows:
H1: The Drivers of the Corporate Social responsibility have a significant impact on the corporate
special responsibility effectiveness in the Delta Niger region.
H0: The Drivers of the Corporate Social responsibility do not have a significant impact on the
corporate special responsibility effectiveness in the Delta Niger region.

38CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Hence, as the value of the significant is less than 0.05, it reflects that the null hypothesis
(H0) can be rejected and the alternate hypothesis is being accepted and in relation to this, it can
be provide that the Drivers of the Corporate Social responsibility have a significant impact on the
corporate special responsibility effectiveness in the Delta Niger region.
Summary
Therefore, from the given analysis, it can be understood that the statistical tools and
analysis proves that there is a strong relationship between the various aspects relating to the
drivers of the corporate social responsibility.

39CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF THE RESULTS
Findings
The given analysis which was undertaken with the help of the statistical tools reflects
that:
 There exists a strong and positive relationship between the Drivers to Corporate social
responsibility and the Factors influencing its effectiveness. With respect to this, it can be
rightfully understood that, initiatives need to be taken in order to effectively carryout the
various corporate social responsibility activities(Temitope Ako 2012).
 The views of the different community members at the Delta Niger region was collected
and with respect to this, it was found that, the members were under the strong belief that
various initiatives have to be undertaken which can contribute towards understanding the
manner in which the different Corporate social responsibilities need to be undertaken
(Uduji, Okolo‐Obasi and Asongu 2019).
 The views of the different community members also suggests that areas like Youth
Development and the Education are the aspects which require the ultimate attention of
the different companies and these various companies are being required to undertake
various efforts to gain the loyalty.
 It was also reflected that there are several motivations which lead to the initiatives of the
organizations towards the corporate social responsibility activities (Usman and Amran
2015). In relation to this, it can be understood that, the good brand name and the
customer loyalty can be taken as the strongest reasons why the overall CSR Activities are
being carried out by the firms.
Discussion
Therefore, from the above analysis which was undertaken in the previous chapter and the
Findings which have been summarized, it can be rightfully understood that all the organizations
as present in the society have a particular responsibility towards the society and with respect to
this, these members would be required to undertake initiatives so as to ensure that they are
successfully able to engage in a strong relationship with the different community members as

40CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
present (Wisdom 2012). The drivers which influence the firms to carry out the various corporate
social responsibility activities can be understood to be the Public response, which comprises of
factors like Media, the governmental pressure and the public pressure as well. In line with this, it
can be understood that, aspects like the environmental condition and the strategy of the firms can
also be taken to be the different drivers which will influence the overall members as present
(Raimi, Akhuemonkhan and Ogunjirin 2015). In relation to this, when these factors have an
impact on the firm, they are bound to take certain Corporate social responsibility activities which
will help them in ensuring that they are able to improve the region (Idemudia and Osayande
2016). The different factors which were identified like the upliftment of community lifestyle,
youth development, community development and the employee engagement tend to contribute
towards the overall effectiveness of the corporate social responsibility activities. Hence, in line
of this, it can be understood that all the organizations as present in the Delta Niger region are
required to undertake activities which would assist them in ensuring long term success (Dinkpa
and Russell 2016).

41CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
RECOMMENDATIONS
Therefore, as understood, the different companies would be required to undertake
considerable initiatives which would assist them in ensuring that they are able to maintain strong
relationships with the different members of the society. Hence, the following recommendations
can be provided to the different companies in the region:
1. Social: With respect to the social aspects, it can be rightfully understood that the different
corporations are essentially required to return some wealth to the success of the
communities (Raimi 2019). The unemployment and poverty are considered to be
common problems in the region and hence, the firms must undertake initiatives to reduce
this poverty and to instead increase the employment in the region.
2. The next initiative which can be undertaken by the different organizations can be
considered to be related with the various environmental aspects. In relation to this, it can
be rightfully understood that, the oil firms need to limit their overall carbon footprints
and take initiatives to ensure that they’re successfully being able to limit their overall
pollution and related impacts (Uduji, Okolo‐Obasi and Asongu 2019).
3. The different employees of the firm also form an essential part of the community and
hence, they are largely responsible for the wealth earning capacity of the business. In
relation to this, it can be understood that, the different employees should be given due
importance and equitable pay packages and related benefits must be provided to the
employees.
4. Lastly, as the customers also comprise of an essential aspect of the firm, the corporations
have the responsibility towards ensuring the overall success of the customers and hence,
they need to be presented with a useful offering and service (Uduji and Okolo-Obasi
2018).
00:00

42CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
CONCLUSION
Therefore, from the given analysis, it can be rightfully understood that the primary aim of
the paper can be understood to be the fact that the different communities as present in the
Nigerian region are in a dire need of some kind of corporate social responsibility activity which
will lead to the betterment of the society. The aim of the paper was to examine the overall impact
of the Drivers of the corporate social responsibility and the overall effectiveness of these
programs in the Delta Niger region. Hence, the first paper highlighted the overall Background of
the study and along with this stated down the research objectives of the study. In relation to this,
the structure of the paper was also provided. The chapter on the Review of the Literature
provided an analysis of the different ways in which the factors tend to affect the CSR activities
and what drives them. The third chapter on the Research Methodology highlighted the various
research techniques which were used for the purpose of the paper and in addition to this; the
fourth chapter provided the interpretation of the Data analysis. It was found that there exists a
strong relationship between the Independent and the Dependent variables. Lastly, certain
recommendations to improve the overall scenario have been provided.

43CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH
Although the research was carried out with the best of the abilities of the researchers, it
has to be understood that, the research comprised of certain limitations which can be mentioned
as the use of one analysis approach. This means that, only the Primary data was use for the
purpose of the analysis and just the quantitative method of analysis has been chosen. In line of
this, the research has not undertaken the Secondary data while carrying out the research.

44CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
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49CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Effectiveness of Corporate Responsibility and its main drivers: A critical analysis of Niger
Delta Area in Nigeria
Section1 General Information (Please choose the most convenient answer)
G0
1 Gender ☐ Male ☐ Female
G0
2 Age group (years) ☐ 18 -29 ☐30-39 ☐40-49 ☐50+
G0
3
Education
a. Up to High School
b. Diploma
c. Bachelor Degree
d. Master/Doctorate
G0
4
Have you aware about the CSR activities?
• Yes
• No
G0
5
Is there any need of CSR programs in Niger Delta?
• Yes
• No
G0
6
Which are the areas where CSR needs to focus more in Nigeria?
Education

50CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
Community Development
Health
Youth Development
All the above
G0
7
What are the problems Nigeria is going through?
• Environmental
• Economical
• Employment
• All the above

51CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
SECTION B: Drivers of CSR Activities
Public Pressure
PP1
The media has been placing considerable pressure to carryout
CSR activities SD D N A SA
PP2 The laws of the industry have been changing SD D N A SA
PP3
The consumers and the medias have been placing additional
pressure on the firm SD D N A SA
Current environmental conditions
CEC
1
The environmental conditions in the Niger Delta are very poor. S
D D N A S
A
CEC
2
The living conditions in the region is not appropriate S
D D N A S
A
CEC
3
There exists unemployment in the region S
D D N A S
A
CEC
4
There exists lack of infrastructure development in the place. S
D D N A S
A
Strategy of the firms
S1
The CSR activities is often taken to be good for the future of the
firm SD D N A SA
S2 The CSR helps in building brand image SD D N A SA
S3 The CSR assists in ensuring higher revenues SD D N A SA

52CSR IN THE DELTA NIGER REGION
SECTION C: Corporate Social Responsibility Effectiveness
.
CSR1
The social responsibility assists in uplifting the community
lifestyle
S
D D N A S
A
CSR2 CSR leads to community development S
D D N A S
A
CSR3
CSR helps in combating diseases and promoting the health of
the community members
S
D D N A S
A
CSR4 CSR assists in engaging in employment S
D D N A S
A