The Bust of Nefertiti is a renowned ancient Egyptian artifact made from limestone and gypsum, painted with stucco plaster, to immortalize Pharaoh Akhenaten's co-regent wife. The statue reflects the beauty and harmony sought in ancient Egyptian art, while calendars were used for both civil and religious purposes, including tracking moon phases. The ancient Egyptians mastered timekeeping using various stars and events, as seen in monuments like Stonehenge and the Pyramids of Giza.