This report explores the cultural dimensions of the country India and Canada, to help World Adventures tour operator with their business negotiation to avoid any conflicts with International Travel agency from India. Hofstede’s cultural dimension model is used to analyze and represent this study.
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Running Head: CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA Name of the Student: Name of the University: Author Note:
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1CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA Executive Summary Every country is diverse and beautiful in their own way. Cultural dimension analysis is a method to understand the differences in culture between different countries. The aim of this report is to help a Canadian tour operator World Adventures and their team traveling to India, understand the cultural differences between the two countries and to help them with their business negotiation to avoid any conflicts. In this report, Hofstede’s cultural dimension analysis to compare the cultural differences between the countries Canada and India is used. This report aims to provide a detailed analysis of the cultural dimensions of Canada and India. After the intensive study and analysis, the conclusion was made that India has a more masculine society than Canada.
2CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................3 Discussion..................................................................................................................................3 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Model..................................................................................3 1. Power Distance...............................................................................................................3 2. Individualism..................................................................................................................4 3. Masculinity.....................................................................................................................4 4. Uncertainty Avoidance...................................................................................................4 5. Long Term Orientation..................................................................................................5 6. Indulgence......................................................................................................................5 Cultural attitudes of India the team should be aware of.........................................................5 Cultural approaches to conflict to be adopted by the company.............................................6 Negotiation skills recommended for the team.......................................................................6 Conclusion..................................................................................................................................6 References..................................................................................................................................8
3CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA Introduction The concept of diversity is not only in the differences that are perceived by human but alsoinrespectingandacceptingthem.Asresponsiblehumankind,everyoneshould understand and acknowledge the fact that each country and their culture is diverse in their own way. These differences should be embraced by everyone and there should be a sense of respect despite of the age, gender, ethnicity, race, religion. This report explores the cultural dimensions of the country India and Canada, to help World Adventures tour operator with their business negotiation to avoid any conflicts with International Travel agency from India. Hofstede’s cultural dimension model is used to analyze and represent this study (Asha.org, 2019). Discussion Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension Model Hofstede’s cultural dimension model is a very useful framework, invented by Geert Hofstede, used to understand different countries, their cultural differences, and values. Six dimensions are considered while analyzing the cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 2011). This framework provides a good knowledge about the cross-cultural philosophy. 1. Power Distance Power distance dimension concept is, how power is distributed in an organization of a country and how it is accepted by others (Sriramesh, 2013). Indian people accept and respect their position in the organizational structure and follow a top-down approach in structure. Canadianculturefollowsaninterdependenceruleandastraightforward communication and exchange of information rule.
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4CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA 2. Individualism Individualism factor deals with the concept of interdependence among individuals in the society. In individualist society, each individual look after themselves along with their respective families while, in a collectivist society, groups are formed and everyone cares for each other in the group (Garcia-Gavilanes, Quercia & Jaimes, 2013). Indiancultureshowstraitsofboththecollectivistandindividualistsociety. IndividualistconceptcomesfromthemajorHinduismreligiondominantphilosophy. Collectivist concept comes from the sense of belonging to a large social framework. Canada is more of an individualist society. They are expected to look after themselves as well as their respective household. 3. Masculinity Masculine factor is determined by how much competition driven the society is (De Mooij, 2013). This dimension is only measured by achievements and success. India is more competitive than Canada. Indian society is apparently driven by competition and achievements. Moreover, Canada can also be considered as moderately masculine.Canadians usually have a balance in their work life and personal life. 4. Uncertainty Avoidance The uncertainty factor decides the acceptance of an uncertain state and how to deal with them (Matusitz & Musambira, 2013). In India there is an acceptance of the imperfect world by the society. People tend to adjust and settlements to avoid any conflict. Canadian culture has high acceptance of new ideas and products.
5CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA 5. Long Term Orientation This particular dimension deals with the preservation of the past links of the society and culture and using them while dealing with the present problems (Venaik, Zhu & Brewer, 2013). India encourages the belief of karma. India has high tolerance of religious view and it is believed that, there are many truths and the acceptance depends on the suitor. Canada has a normative society where people show great respect for their tradition. 6. Indulgence This dimension is measured as the extent of a person’s control of their desires and impulses (Kedmenec & Strašek, 2017). Weak control of desire is known as “indulgence” whereas, strong control of desire is known as “restraint”. India has a restraint culture. These types of societies believe that they are bound to follow the social norms. Canada has an indulgent culture, with an optimistic society and high degree of leisure time and spending habits. Cultural attitudes of India the team should be aware of India is a land of spiritual beliefs with the dominating Hindu culture. Religious practices are very important in daily life. Family values are given respect throughout India and is a patriarchal society. English is the major language used for communication in business. Hinduism promotes yoga and medication for self-discipline. Cows are considered as the most sacred animals. India follows a cast structure with mainly four groups the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. Inter-caste marriages are forbidden but in urban areas are now common. India has one of the fastest growing economies in the world with
6CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA GPD(as of 2016) of 7.6%. Bollywood, the Mumbai based film industry has the largest output of films produced in the world. From the cultural dimension analysis it was seen that Indian people tends to adjust to avoid any conflicts. Cultural approaches to conflict to be adopted by the company Both India and Canada shows individualist culture so this should be kept in mind. India shows masculine traits which implies there is a competition in every field. Moreover, Indiansocietytriestoavoidanyconflictsandmakeadjustmentsaccordingly.While addressing conflicts the team should stick together and should have an interest based approach of negotiation style, which will mainly focus on the needs and concern of their opposition the International Travel. In India, people strictly follow their cultural and spiritual beliefs but also highly accept other religions and their beliefs. It is very much recommended that the team should listen to each and every detail during the formal meeting with the Indian company. Indian society follows hierarchy so the tea should respect that and act accordingly. Negotiation skills recommended for the team This is discussed earlier in the report also that the negotiation style of the team should be interest based and they should consider the needs of the other travel company. There should be a sense of respect for the higher authorities of the International Travel company as this is an Indian company they will try to follow their hierarchical power and indulge in a conversation with the team accordingly. Being honest and discussing the factors with the Indian company might help. The team should be aware of the cultural dimensions and the cultural attitudes of India which will help them with a better understanding of the scenario. Conclusion After the rigorous study of the cultural dimensions of Canada and India it can be concluded that Canada has less competitiveness within the society compared to India and
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7CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA people there like to spend more time on personal pursuits and leisure time. Canadian people have a high acceptance rate of new ideas and products in the market and people spend money as they want. Secondly, India is more masculine of a country with competition in every field and have a high tolerance of religious view. Indian society believes in “Karma” and adjustments to avoid conflicts. Canadian culture is more of an individualist society where as India shows both the traits of collectivist and individualist. Lastly, the power distance factor is much higher in India. Therefore, with good knowledge of the culture and good negotiation skills the team might be able to crack the deal.
8CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA References Asha.org. (2019). Examples of Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved from www.asha.org/Practice- Portal/Professional-Issues/Cultural-Competence/Examples-of-Cultural-Dimensions/ De Mooij, M. (2013). On the misuse and misinterpretation of dimensions of national culture.International Marketing Review,30(3), 253-261. Garcia-Gavilanes, R., Quercia, D., & Jaimes, A. (2013, June). Cultural dimensions in twitter: Time,individualismandpower.InSeventhInternationalAAAIConferenceon Weblogs and Social Media. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context.Online readings in psychology and culture,2(1), 8. Kedmenec,I.,&Strašek,S.(2017).Aresomeculturesmorefavourableforsocial entrepreneurshipthanothers?.Economicresearch-Ekonomskaistraživanja,30(1), 1461-1476. Matusitz,J.,&Musambira,G.(2013).Powerdistance,uncertaintyavoidance,and technology:analyzingHofstede'sdimensionsandhumandevelopment indicators.Journal of Technology in Human Services,31(1), 42-60. Sriramesh, K. (2013). Power distance and public relations: An ethnographic study of SouthernIndianorganizations.InInternationalPublicRelations(pp.181-200). Routledge.
9CULTURAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF CANADA AND INDIA Venaik, S., Zhu, Y., & Brewer, P. (2013). Looking into the future: Hofstede long term orientationversusGLOBEfutureorientation.CrossCulturalManagement:An International Journal,20(3), 361-385.