Influence of Culture, Politics and Power on Organizational Behaviour and Performance

This report examines the influence of culture, politics and power on organizational behaviour and performance, using Procter and Gamble as a case study. It analyzes the theories of motivation and their application in achieving organizational goals and objectives. The report also discusses effective and ineffective teams and the application of organizational behaviour concepts. The impact of power, culture and politics on individual and team behaviour and performance is critically evaluated.

Organisation and Behaviour

Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
P1. Examine how culture, politics or power which can influence individual and team
behaviour and their performance.................................................................................................1
M1. Analyse how power, culture and politics of a business entity may influence the
performance or behaviour of team and individual.......................................................................5
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................5
P2 Process and content theory attains organisation goals and objectives....................................5
M2. Critical elevation over these theories...................................................................................7
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Discussion over the effective team and ineffective team.......................................................7
M3 Effective theories examination..............................................................................................8
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................9
P4. Application of the several philosophies and organisation behaviour concepts.....................9
Path Goal theory Categories........................................................................................................9
M4. Investigation and measurement of concepts and philosophies impacting behaviour in both
positive and negative manner.....................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour refers to a behaviour as how people interact to each other within
the organisation. As these interaction may influence the organisational behaviour as well as their
performance. It is very essential to maintained the organisational management in order to
examine the effective behaviour of the organisation. As analysing is necessary to develop the
effective strategies within the organisation. There are many different type of activities were
performed or conducted in management department of the organisation such as predicting,
controlling as well as understanding the behaviour of the employees within the organisation. The
study of organisational behavioural assist the organisation to reduce some deviations which are
present in the organisation in order to increase the productivity. The project reports discussed
some different types of aspects such as organisation culture, leadership and many more things.
Procter and Gamble organisation were chosen which is in U.K. This organisation aim is to
provide personal care along with hygiene products. Therefore, the project reports gives brief
discussion which are related to culture, politics as well as power which influenced the
organisation. The project report also discussed some relevant theories as well as management
tools.
MAIN BODY
P1. Examine how culture, politics or power which can influence individual and team behaviour
and their performance.
The organisation behaviour is the most important and valuable aspects of the company.
This helps the organisation to examine the actual position of the company within the market. The
culture or influencing power of the organisation can be identified by studying the organisational
behaviour. The managers of the organisation has conducted effective behaviour study in order to
understand the importance of behaviour within the organisation. There are various types of
employees are working within the organisation, in order to stay for long term in the organisation
therefore, they need an effective culture for long stay in the organisation. The main motive of
the study of organisational behavioural by the management is to achieve the target goal as well
as objectives of the organisation (Kornilaki, Thomas and Font., 2019).
Various types of strategies were suggested by the management of the organisation in order to
achieve the goals or objectives. As study of organisational behaviour helps the management to
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build the strategies. It is essential to analyse the needs and desires of the employees within the
organisation in order to build the strategies to meet the requirement of the employee. Procter and
Gamble, is one of the most famous organisation. Therefore, they have numbers of employees or
customers under them or are connected to the organisation. Development of positive culture
within the organisation is essential in order to satisfied the all stakeholders of the company. The
brief discussion of the culture of Procter and Gamble were mentioned (Okundaye, Fan and
Dwyer., 2019).
Culture- some tradition and belief is followed by the employees within the organisation. It play
essential in motivating the people within the organisation. When culture of the company makes
the employees get promoted then they feel motivated which enhance their performance. When
the culture of company make the employees demoted then the employees feel demotivated which
may affect the performance of the employees within the organisation. There are various types of
culture which are followed by the managers of the Procter and Gamble.
Culture power- Every organisation have some culture which is compulsory to follow by each
employee of the organisation without any further enquiry. Manager and some employee have
authority to take some decision within the organisation. In wicked situations, the manager and
some employee of Procter and Gamble take some powerful decision (Caputo, Ayoko and Amoo.,
2018).
Culture task- Organisation have culture to develop different types of team to assign specific task
to each different team according to their particularity so that the given task can be fulfilled in a
given period of time. This is one of the effective and efficient culture which is followed by the
Procter and Gamble managers. As this culture may increase the productivity of the organisation.
Person- This type of culture within the organisation may provides importance and respect to each
employee by the managers and the executives persons of the organisation. As this culture make
all the employee are treated equally or superior. This culture develop the management to
measures some promotion of every employee of the organisation.
Role- There is some culture within the organisation which assign that every employee have some
specified role. The specification role assign to the employee by the management team. This
culture is essential to be maintained within the organisation in order to achieve the goal and
objectives of the organisation.
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It is very important of the Procter and Gamble management team to create the positive
and effective environment at the workplace to increase productivity. As positive or effective
environment helps the company to achieve the growth and development within the market place.
The positive or effective environment may build or secure the employee loyalty towards the
organisation (Rupp and et.al., 2018).
Politics
The activity which is done by negative employee of the organisation and those activities
is related to the organisation are included in politics. Therefore, it is important of the
organisational management team to analyse the politics in their organisation in order to protect
their employees from the nuisance factors within the organisation. There are various negative
impact has been face by the management team in regards of politics involvement such as less
productivity, negative growth, strikes as well as many more things. There are mainly four parts
of politics which are need to discussed such as rocks, weed, wood as well as high ground. The
involvement of weed may influence the personal factors as well as secure informal network.
Which grows naturally or dynamically without involvement of any maintenance. Whereas, high
grounds are combination of both formal authority and the organisational systems which includes
so many things such as structures, rules, procedures, policy as well as guidelines. While, the
Rocks includes the rest of individual interaction with formal sources of the authority.
The employees are affected due to presence of some activities which are related to the
organisational politics such as demotivation of the employees, productivity is decreased, spoiled
ambience (Bal and Dóci., 2018).
Employees demotivation- The management of Procter and Gamble face one of the biggest
disadvantage is that the involvement of politics within the organisation may increase the
demotivation of employees within the organisation. An individual which makes handworks
within the organisation may also affected by the politics involvement in the organisation.
Decrease of productivity- There are many different types of employees in the organisation which
have contribution in politics. As these employees may influence some workers which has high
performance and lead them in such environment where they decrease their performance within
the organisation.
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Ambience is spoiled- Some political factor present within the organisation may developed
negative culture at the workplace which may spoiled the ambience. The productivity as well as
efficiency of the employees are decreased due to involvement of politics within the organisation.
The Management team of Procter and Gamble may develop some strategics plan in order
to protect the organisation from negative impact of politics by the employees. The managers
analyse the working of those employees who may influence the other employees towards the
politics (Martek and et.al., 2019).
Power
The person who may have ability to influence the other people will or attitude in order to
achieve the organisational goals or objectives. The higher level of management in Procter and
Gamble has provide the some authorize power to few employees or manager to influence their
employees to complete their task in specified time. Due to having some authorize power the
manager of the employee take considerable decision regarding various aspect of the
organisational benefits. Hence, decision-making helps the manager to take out the work from the
employee within specified time in order to achieve the organisational goal and objectives.
Various types of manager are present in the organisation in order to manage the different
department of the organisation such as finance human resource, marketing and many more. All
the department are important for organisation growth. Therefore, effective management is
required to manage the work effectively within the organisation.
Some different types of power, the manager may have in order to manage the all activities such
as legitimate power, reward power, referent power, informational power as well as expert power.
 Legitimate- This type of power state to those power which have power of position as
well as availability of role.
 Rewards- This type of power is used by the manager in order to provide effective or
attractive rewards to the employees which helps in employee motivation to increase the
productivity. Therefore, in order to enhance the productivity in the organisation, the
manager of Procter and Gamble may developed many rewards scheme to motivate the
employees to work effectively (Esfandiar and et.al., 2019).
 Referent- This types of power is refers to manager personality. The manager
personality may attract or influence employees to enhance their work at workplace.
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 Informational- This type of power may include the knowledge of managers. Having
strong knowledge may helps the manager to solve different types of problems.
 Expert- This type of power is related to those power which are arise due to experience
in any area or discipline area.
The manager of Procter and Gamble may use different types of power to achieve
the organisation target or objectives. As these types of power may enables the manager to
develop some effectively strategics plan or consideration in order to manage work. Therefore,
Manager use reward method to motivate their employees.
M1. Analyse how power, culture and politics of a business entity may influence the performance
or behaviour of team and individual.
When the power, politics as well as the culture of the company are not evaluated
effectively or properly then the organisational performance and productivity of the company may
decrease with high percentage. When the managers use their power in negative way then this
type of power may demotivate an employee. The politics may influence the business of the
organisation. When politics are increased in the organisation than it impact the employee
performance as it minimise the productivity of the employee. Conflict management are important
for the organisation as it helps the organisation to develop modern solution (Banerjee., 2018).
Task 2
P2 Process and content theory attains organisation goals and objectives.
Motivation stands for the feeling of an individual which power them to make efforts for
the attainment of some goals and objectives of the organisation. One of the crucial and valuable
feature of an organisation are the motivation of an employee's. In modern day business, an
important need of an organisation is the motivation of an employee (Van der Hauwaert, Hoozée,
Maussen and Bruggeman, 2022). There are different type of employee present in the
organisation and each have their personal necessities and desire which they are trying to fulfil.
The development of the employee's performance is also impacted by the motivation. The
employee will give their best performance when they are motivated towards the organisational
goals and objectives. In order to develop the energy and confidence in employee towards the
organisational business the motivation is one of the successful method. Procter and Gamble is
biggest organisation which operate their business worldwide. Their are Large number of
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employee working under this organisation so the importance of motivation among the employee
is very important in the company. The manger of the company has constructed several
measure within the organisation in order to keep the employee motivated towards the
organisation.
Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation
This type of motivation are those which
reflects from the inner personality of an
individual. In the employee's life, this
motivation has a separate importance.
This type of motivation are those which
reflects the behaviour influenced by the
external environment (Grigorescu, 2020).
Motivation theories : Several type of motivation theory are present in the market which
are formulated by my experts with an objective to acknowledge the concept of motivation and
their importance effectively.
Maslow's Hierarchy Theory: It is one of the important theory of motivation formulated
by Abraham Maslow in 1950. Hierarchy of five needs are required for a person to get motivated
is said by the developer of this theory. This motivational theory is totally based on the necessities
and desires of a person. This theory suggest that in order to motivate the employee of an
organisation, the manager of that organisation have to fulfil the necessities of the employee's
(Srisawat and et.al., 2019). In context to Procter and Gamble, A brief discussion regarding the
several stages of this model are listed below :-
Physiological needs: This is the first stage of maslow hierarchy theory of need which
involves all the basic necessities of the employee like food, water, shelter, clothes and many
more . It important for the manager of Procter and Gamble to manage all the essential
accommodation needs of their employee's in order to keep them motivated.
Safety & security Needs: It is the second stage of maslow hierarchy theory of need
which is concerned with employee's safety and security within the organisation. Several risk are
within the organisation like financial insecurity and accidents. It the manger responsibility of
Procter and Gamble that they should provide adequate compensation to the workers in order to
manage their security. It is an important aspects of the manager to assure the availability of
several types of insurances for the worker which improve their health and security.
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Social Needs: It is the third stage of maslow hierarchy theory of need, which rises up
after the above discussed needs are fulfilled and the worker are satisfied. Development of the
culture which enhance the worker relationship and friendship within the workplace, must be the
important consideration for the manger of Procter and Gamble.
Esteem Needs: this step demands the high esteem and self reliance of an individual.
When the self-esteem and the self-respect are provided to the worker and this leads to
encouragement among them. The leader and the manger at the Procter and Gamble should
provide appraisals and recognition to their workers in order to increase their motivation level.
M2. Critical elevation over these theories
Every theory discussed above are important which enables the management of the
organisation to motivate their worker and encourage their productivity within the organisation. It
is important to apply these theories within the organisation by the manager to improve the
motivation level.
Task 3
P3 Discussion over the effective team and ineffective team.
A group of person is refereed as Team which is created by the manger within the
organisation from the pre-existing worker in order to achieve or complete any task or project.
The development of effective team is very important within the organisation for a manager in
order to enhance the effectiveness and accuracy at workplace. Generally, The team are classified
into two categories which are effective team and ineffective team. The feature of both the teams
are given below:
Effective team include those team within the organisation which works towards the
specific goals and aims in their life. These team member have similar mindset thus minimises the
chances of misconceptions. The Ineffective team considers those team member which does not
have any purpose and aims. The team members are irresponsible regarding their goals and
objectives within the organisation and the chances of conflicts and disputes are higher in this
team due to different mind sets of the team member (Helmreich and Schaefer, 2018).
Tuckman Theory of team development:
this theory was proposed by Bruce Tuckman in year 1965 and this theory is considered as
a model for managing the team and explain the expertness within the certain area which need to
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be inherited by the team members (Zakaria and Yusof, 2020). There are five key stages involved
in this respective theory which are discussed below:
 Forming: For the development of the team, this is the initial stage. According to this
theory, A task or activities are given to the peculiar team which has to be performed.
Several activities under this peculiar stage are gathering, planning and combining the
data. Different people from the different background come along and interact with each
other for the accomplishment of the task.
 Storming: In this stage, the task are shared as well as the ideas were suggested from
the team that is formed in order to complete this task. Al the team member puts their
respective ideas which results in great possibilities of conflicts among the team
members.
 Norming: It is the third stage of this respective theory, under which the task are
performed by the team member and all are agreed over the rules and regulation
throughout the performed operation.
 Performing: This stage includes the high level of independence, motivation,
competence and knowledge.
 Adjourning: This is the last stage for the team development under which the project is
completed and team member are abstracted.
` Team management is the important component which ease administrators of organisation in
order to carry out various tasks of business in the specific time. Supervisors of Procter and
Gamble should be sure that they are making teams in an efficacious way which have all above
acknowledged expertise. Team management ease in managing as well as subordinating the work
in a correct way. The thought of conflict management is also important to realize for managers of
the organisation in order to accomplish efficiency.
M3 Effective theories examination
Within the Management of team, the effective theory is Tuckman's theory which helps in
enhancing the relationship between the team members and also ensures that they are working in
a goal oriented team. This types of theory is associated in the team development under which the
team are developed by the administrators for the achievement of the goals in such a way that it
will enhance the brand value within the market.
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Task 4
P4. Application of the several philosophies and organisation behaviour concepts.
The procedure of the organisational behaviour rolled over the recognisation of the human
behaviour which are working within the workplace. Several factor are involved under this such
as beliefs, values, traditions and customs and many more. One of the most important aspects for
the manger is to meet the goal and objective of the organisational within the given time. It also
involves the inspiring and motivating the manpower on the regular basis. In context to the
Procter and Gamble, the supervisor or manager of the organisation should make use of some of
these concepts as well as theories which are discussed below:
Business condition: In context to the Procter and Gamble, the contemporary situations of the
organisation is not satisfactory and the company is facing problem due to inefficiency in the
Communication process in between the employee's which is influenced the organisation
performance as a whole. Some much confusion are generated among the team members of an
organisation which is impacting the overall growth of an organisation. In order to counter such
situations, the Path Goal theory is applied by the mangers of the company and this theory is
discussed below:
Path Goal Theory focuses on various form of the leadership with an aim to achieve
organisational goals (Asiya, Kyzas, Pal and de Souza Jr 2021). In context to Procter and Gamble,
the organisation wishes to enhance worker's motivation also with rendering peak level of
satisfaction to them for accomplishing higher level of productiveness.
Path Goal theory Categories
 Characteristics of employees: In context with the Procter and Gamble, As per the
requirements and desires of the subordinates, the higher level manger improves the
knowledge level in order to motivate them for the achievement of goals and objective in
effective manner. It ease the development of favourable attitude in the workplace as well
as inspires the employee's towards the goals and objective of the organisation.
 Environment and task features: According to this factor, the administrator of the
Procter and Gamble, are focusing on the issues which are occurred at the workplace.
Higher level manger are trying focus on the conflicts resolution or no conflict occurrence
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at the workplace thus ensuring the favourable working environment. The overall resultant
of this that the performance and productivity of employee's get enhanced.
 Behaviour of leadership: This stage includes the focus of the leader organisation for
choosing the best leadership style in order to get aware about the organisational
manpower and other related factor. The manger of the company get effected as they can
easily attains the definite business objective in defined period.
From the above discussion, the administrator of the Procter and Gamble, focuses on adopting the
most important management style, basically, Participative Management Style. According to this
style, The manger focuses the working and performance of the organisational employee's. In the
decision making process, the workforce also gets engaged and this is assured by the Leaders this
will ease them in developing positive environment for working, where the manpower can easily
get the explanation for the problem which they are facing which makes the communication
effective. Such style has favourable and unfavourable affects and in context to positive working
environment, human resources get motivated for accomplishing set goals without any issues. In
contradictory, negative factor develops expectation of carrying conflicts among team members
and hence, it is the key factor for Procter and Gamble, that it should give thought to both positive
as well as negative feature of such theory.
M4. Investigation and measurement of concepts and philosophies impacting behaviour in both
positive and negative manner.
From above explanation, it obvious that organisational behaviour is a idea that concern to
the theory of Path Goal. This involves various constituent like task, manpower, leadership style,
employees features (Dhamija, Mishra and Pal Singh, 2020). These elements ease in solving the
disagreement that happens within the workplace. Moreover, the philosophies of organisational
behaviour considers both contingency and autocratic philosophy. Employees who are ineffective
in communication, managers of Procter and Gamble apply contingency philosophy.
CONCLUSION
From the above, project report it is concluded that an individual behaviour may have a
huge impact on the whole organisational performance. In order to manage the organisation, it is
essential for the supervisors to analyse the each work of the employees in order to manage the
organisational objectives. It is also important to examine the needs and wants to the employees to
manage the work environment of the organisation. The project reports also concluded some
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concept as well as philosophies which are used by the management team in order to facilitate the
needs of employees effectively as well as efficiently. The project report also concluded that
having strong effective team member make easy accessibility to achieve target in specified time.
The project report concluded various organisational behavioural theories in the context of
organisation including positive as well as negative aspects.
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