Theories, Principles and Models in Education and Training: Curriculum

This presentation provides an overview of the theories, principles, and models in education and training, with a focus on curriculum. It covers the definition of curriculum, the Hilda Taba and Ralph Tyler models, and various curriculum structures such as linear, spiral, thematic, pyramid, and jigsaw. The presentation also discusses how these models can be applied in teaching and which one is relevant to your specialist area.

THEORIES, PRINCIPLES AND MODELS IN
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (Unit-3)
Name:
ID:
Task-4 B - Curriculum

Ground rules
 Ground rules are defined as the set of expected behaviour which are conducted at the class room.
 The golden rule is to set boundaries by making learning an interesting process.

Aims and Objectives
 The aim of the presentation is to provide the knowledge about the theories and principles and models in
education and training.
 Also, to outline the information about various curriculum and the best suitable models as per the learning
process.
 Along with it, it will present various theories which can be applied in the learning process of the
students.

What is curriculum?
 The term curriculum is defined as a complete
plan which is considered in the process that
will be followed by the trainers and teachers in
order to deliver effective information of the
people.

Theorists I will be looking at
 Ralph Tylers theory
 Hilda Taba

Ralph Tylers theory
 He contributed to the policy and practise of
American schooling.
 And he said that learning should be presented
in that way where learning is meaningful for
the learners and the community.
 That can be done by using properly organised
learning experiences.

Hilda Taba
 He was an architecture and has contributed to
the main concept of development and the
critical thinking mainly in the curriculum .
 There are various steps are involved in the
steps of Hilda Taba model of Curriculum
Development .

How the theory can be applied in teaching in
your specialist area?
 The theory will serve as a guide because it will
be applied in the learning process of the learners.
 And being a teacher, in order to deliver better the
theory is commonly used in teacher education
programmes.
 It will be used as an innovative technique for
helping the teachers in gaining sufficient
teaching abilities

Theorists 2/3 – Explain which theorist is
relevant to you in your subject
specialist area
Curriculum models – Process and
product – examples of each one-Which
model is relevant to your specialist
area
Curriculum structure – Spiral, linear,
Thematic, Pyramid and Jigsaw-Which
curriculum structure is relevant to your
subject specialist area

Models of curriculum
 There are various models of curriculum such as
Hilda Taba and The Tyler Model as in Hilda
Taba model.
 It comprises of various steps and Taba
significantly contributed to the main notion of
development and critical thinking in the
curriculum.

Process model
 It is a model in which various philosophies and
resources are used in order to attain the
objectives of the .
 It is considered to be the powerful model of
managing the process of learning.
 It also supports in keeping the operations
aligned with better communication with
learners.

Product model
 This model is linked with bringing innovation
in order to grow by finding the need of the
learners.
 That is basic requirement for stratifying their
need by providing the best services.

Which model is relevant to your own
area of specialism?
Hilda Taba model is relevant as per my area of specialism

Curriculum structures
 Linear-It is said to be the first type of curriculum model in which rational steps are provided .
 Spiral- Under this the learners are provided the same topics in their learning process.
 Thematic-It is based on five pillars which are involved in providing the high quality learning.
 Pyramid-Under this the main focus is on whys and hows instead of what to teach.
 Jigsaw-In this the learners are allowed to become expert and it also presents way to support the learner in
retention of information.

Stenhouse process model
 Under this process model which mainly focus
on the growth of understanding.
 It also targets to suggest a curriculum which
involves various elements.

Taba Model
 This model is said to be teaching approach in
which the seniors are aware of the needs of the
learners.
 And this model is linked with need and
curriculum of the students.

Linear structure
 Under this, students get to learn about
uniformly and dissimilarly.
 It can be seen that it is culture in which the one
curriculum is promoted for all.
 Like one group and grade at one time.

Spiral structure
As mentioned earlier, it involves the cycling
subjects throughout the learning process.
It is one of the main techniques which is being
used in the field of education.

Thematic structure
 It is used to select and highlight the theme by
multiple courses or module.
 And it is associated with the elementary
classrooms.

Pyramid structure
 It is also called as the learning cone and the
pyramid of learning.
 It comprises of various models which are
linked with different degree of retention.
 It can be presented by making use of
percentages and discrete layers.

Jigsaw structure
 It allows to have a cooperative learning
strategy which allows all the students to be
expert in one aspect of topic.
 And they get to meet various other members.
 Moreover, it helps in providing the cooperative
learning among students.

Talk about which structure is relevant to your
specialist area…..and why give examples…….
In relation to my specialist area the suitable technique is Jigsaw structure.
As it helps in improving the various skills of the learners such as listening, problem-solving and
communication skills.

References
 Leinhardt, G., 2019. On teaching. In Advances in instructional psychology (pp. 1-54). Routledge.
 Pulham, E. and Graham, C.R., 2018. Comparing K-12 online and blended teaching competencies: A
literature review. Distance Education, 39(3), pp.411-432.
 Sivarajah, R.T., Curci, N.E., Johnson, E.M., Lam, D.L., Lee, J.T. and Richardson, M.L., 2019. A review
of innovative teaching methods. Academic radiology, 26(1), pp.101-113.
 DeMartino, P. and Specht, P., 2018. Collaborative co-teaching models and specially designed instruction
in secondary education: A new inclusive consultation model. Preventing School Failure: Alternative
Education for Children and Youth, 62(4), pp.266-278.
 Barnes, D., 2018. Practical curriculum study. Routledge.