Causes and Patterns of Human Migration Flows in UK and Europe

This report explores the causes and patterns of human migration flows in the UK and Europe. It analyzes the representation of migrant and ethnic communities in popular discourse and addresses contemporary social problems related to race, ethnicity, and migration. The report also evaluates policy responses to migratory waves in the UK, Europe, and elsewhere.

CW1 - Portfolio

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Demonstrate critical knowledge of the causes and patterns of human migration flows in
relation to the UK Europe and elsewhere...............................................................................3
Critically analyse the ways in which migrant or ethnic communities have been represented in
popular discourse....................................................................................................................5
Use theoretical and analytical evidence in order to address contemporary social problems in
relation to constructed notions of Race ethnicity and migration............................................7
Critically evaluate the ways in which policy responses to migratory waves have been
developed in United Kingdom Europe and elsewhere...........................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
Books and Journals.................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Migration flows is return which refers to the amounts of migraines which entering and leaving a
particular country during a particular period of time usually it is one calendar year (Nkwi, 2017).
This report is going to demonstrate about the causes and pattern of human migration flows in
United Kingdom Europe and anywhere. Along with this, this report going to analyze the methods
in which the migrant communities represented popular discourse and also going to conduct
analytical evidence so that the report can address contemporary social problems in connection to
constructed notions along with this report also illustrate about the policy which responses to
migratory waves in United Kingdom.
MAIN BODY
Demonstrate critical knowledge of the causes and patterns of human migration flows in relation
to the UK Europe and elsewhere
Human migration is a concept which include the movement of the individuals from one
location to another location with intention of sitting or temporary its new location (Yücedağ,
2020). This is the movement which often occurs over them use distance from one Nation to
another. The individual leave their home countries for several of reasons but the most important
single cause is believed to be economic conditions back home. According to the current
investigation the economic push factors may have contributed towards the recent disparities in
migraine patterns between European Nations. This kind of factors include labour market
circumstances in European countries among the end of world war second and the early 1990 as
well high unemployment levels in the southern European countries in the aftermath of the global
financial crisis. There are several causes and effects of human migration with create impact that
is pre industrial societies environmental factors such as the requirement for the resources because
of overpopulation causes of Migration for stop along with this there are several effects of human
migration which is as the individual migrated brought new plants animals Technologies which
create impact on the environment. There are mainly two categories factors which influence the
individual in order to take decision towards migrates. Push factors occur in which when someone
is currently living and may continue to live there less attractive (Olayungbo, and Quadri, 2019).
Other full factor occurs when the potential factors or destination make it an attractive place to
migrate to. Full factors have better opportunities in order to move to another location.

Causes of Migration in Africa
In the Industrial Area the environmental factors like natural disasters climbing all influence
human decision about where to migrate (Kim, Stites, and Maxwell, 2019). In Africa the
expansion of bantu-speaking individual by Central Africa explain about the connection among
the environment and migration. Individual speaking about the Bantu languages spread from the
West Africa through Central and South Africa which is starting around 2000 BCE.
Migration data in Europe
A huge range of migration data is collected and disseminated in the Europe. The covid-19
pandemic creates rules impact and effect migration and human quality in the European country.
The covid19 has reduced the amount of irregular arrivals to the European country in the past
month. According to the investigation in April 2020 the amount of protection of irregular
crossing on the European migratory routes fail by approx. 85% as compared to the previous
month (Olmedo, and del Miño, 2019). The pandemic also create impact on the employment and
on the migration.
Patterns of migration
There are several factors of migration in the Europe which was formed and it was easier
to migrate among the organization. In the European country the migrant come with several
countries and from the outside of the European full stop in 2004 the Poland and there are Eastern
European Nation joined the European country. This helps the company to enhance their
migration into the United Kingdom. The huge group of the migration and that from the Poland.
After the World War the immigrants mainly came from the Commonwealth Nation .Immigration
is the term which was motivated by the government. There are several immigrants which provide
labour for textile factories help Steel works. Migration is a term which helps the country to
implement the quality of the life of the individual along with is it also supports the individual to
improve their social life in order to learn about the new culture customs and language. These all
activities support the individual to improve their Brotherhood between the people so that they
came in hands knowledge about the culture and custom. Migration of the amended employees
leads to be a greater economic growth of the origin. Migration is very important in the geography
because migration is the movement of the individual from one location to another location. This
kind of woman modifies the population of a place (Masullo, 2017). There are three effects of
migration which is a better educated workforce greater and amended occupation specialization

for the better making skills with jobs for immigration also has a positive impact on the federal
state and local budget.
Critically analyse the ways in which migrant or ethnic communities have been represented in
popular discourse
Migrant is a person who, for a variety of reasons, moves away from his or her normal
abode, whether inside a country or across an international boundary, temporarily or permanently.
It may also be define as a variety of well-defined legal categories of people, such as migrant
labourers; those whose specific forms of travels are legally specified, such as smuggled migrants;
and others. From starting it is noted that, the human race's story is essentially one of migration
reason. Migration is a fundamental element of life on this planet. In order to survive, people must
migrate and they do the same. They are on the migration, seeking for food and it can be said in
search of food. They make an effort to stay away from danger and death. They are moving in the
direction of life opportunities (Becirbegovic, 2017). Migration is linked to the human spirit,
which seeks adventure, explores goals, and finds reasons to believe against the odds. The
communities that migrants depart and the communities that receive them are both affected by
this migration. This migration has an influence on the towns along the transportation route.
Ethnic communities are commonly established from elements who speak different
languages; other factors in the creation of an ethnic community include a shared religion, racial
resemblance among the individuals who make up the community, and the existence of significant
numbers of groups. The characteristics of ethnic group’s material and nonmaterial culture,
everyday life, and group psychology emerge throughout ethnic group development and are
impacted by variables such as the distinctive type of economic activities in certain environmental
conditions. A professional who immigrates to a neighbouring city for employment is not often
referred to be a migrant, nor is a wealthy businessman who obtains new passports as readily as
he transfers his money across the globe. It is most commonly used to those who are caught in the
crossfire of border controls at the wealthy world's borders, whether in Europe, the United States,
or elsewhere. Because the concepts that accompany migration, as well as the manner in which
our media organisations choose to distribute them, are tied closely to power. It is seen that in UK
the media disclose them in the way they like to. It is believed that these people become famous
due to the facts and information being shown upon by media (Tarrant, 2017). It is vital to
consider and know about the refugee crisis in Europe, or, to put it another way, a calamity partly

created by European border policy rather than merely the migration of migrants towards Europe,
was one of the most heavily mediated global events of the last decade (Lia, 2018). It took place
on the outskirts of a prosperous and technologically advanced region that is home to many major
worldwide media hubs. Reporters, news crews, filmmakers, and artists may now witness scenes
of desperation, suffering, and rescue that would typically be gathered by foreign journalists in
more difficult-to-reach regions of the world at a relatively cheap cost. After reaching safety, the
persons at the centre of the issue were reasonably free to roam around and speak to whoever they
liked, at least for a time. This has certain advantages in terms of the type of media coverage that
was generated. Most importantly, it enabled time and accuracy in reporting of emergency events
as they unfolded. It is also important to know about a succession of flashpoints in various sites
within and around the European Union was used to create the crisis narrative. This shows that
the media has power to show all the right and wrong and provide information about them.
Language and communication are intimately connected to a society's ethnic structure.
When members of minority and majority groups converse, they are expressing a commonplace
expression of knowledge and modes of engagement (Pop, 2018). All groups have distinct
communication patterns that they employ with members of the in-group and members of the out-
group. Although the issues rose by ethnic discourse across the world have their own distinct
characteristics and take on various emphases and manifestations. The media's portrayal of
ethnicity may be extremely effective since it may be the only exposure to different cultures that
certain consumers will have. It is important to note that the representation of authenticity via the
use of media is used to balance the problem. It is seen that representations also rely on the
negative stereotype that may adversely impact the perception level of these athletes culture.
It is seen that from the very starting the people face racial issues and discrimination and
that is always shown on media. It is important to note that this is also supported these people and
the problem have come in front of all. It is seen that media works as a weapon that helps them to
know about what is going on in the society. It is important for people to understand the culture of
traditions languages of others and accept them. At the same time it's important to take into
consideration about the settled communities as they are also part of the nation and they also have
rights. It is seen that these communities are taken into consideration nowadays and they are given
equal rights also they are not discriminated as they used to be before wards (Yang, Li, and Yue,
2018). Over and all it is analysed that it is important and significant to know about the issues that

the face and the popularity that they are able to gain. It will beneficial for them as well as
problematic. As media has power to show the information the way they want to.
Use theoretical and analytical evidence in order to address contemporary social problems in
relation to constructed notions of Race, ethnicity and migration
In UK, it is identified that ethnicity is about white and black people that are segregated on
the basis of colour. Due to increasing in racism and ethnicity, it becomes a contemporary social
issue which exploited the interest of migrants in UK (Morgan, Knowles and Hutchinson, 2019).
Due to their ethnicity, migrants face many social problems and challenges in order to survive in
the city. This is very bad for the society which is divided on the basis of colour, religion and
tradition, etc. It gives many social challenges which need to be improving with the help of
recognising ways. It is necessary in Britain that increasing in racially aggravated assaults should
get justice as they also are human beings. Especially migrants get inequality on the basis of their
racism and ethnicity. That's why there are some ways which helps to address the contemporary
social problems which include migration and race ethnicity. Some important ways are finding
which are mentioned below:
 With the help of The Equality Act 2010, race, ethnicity and migration get effectively
reduce if UK is effectively complete this law. In the equality act, it is very necessary for
UK that they should not discriminate on the basis of geographical origin, political
preferences, skin colour, cultural practices and religious. That means people should not
identify on the basis of these characteristics. They should be treated equally to all the
persons who help in society welfare.
 It is also identifying that nations has two options in order to reduce the discrimination of
racism and ethnicity that are individual and institutional resources (Torres, 2019). It is
very necessary in country that they should keep in mind is designing of programs which
include stories that helps to improve intergroup relationships.
 It is very necessary for Britain that they reducing gender inequality as it is also of
contemporary social issues which are facing by country. This can be done with the help
of using the strategies which focusing on providing authority and power to both male and
female equally.
 Country should also focus on increasing diversity which leads to convince the entire
person in order to accept different customs and traditions. It is focusing on improving the

relationship between black and white people which reduces racial and ethnic group
insecurity. This is an effective way as it increase corporation between groups. With the
help of this strategy, people are able to live with different groups which include migrants.
 Contemporary social problem can also be addressed with the help of government action
because people get influenced by the government actions. It gives a positive impact on
reducing the discrimination which can be done with the help of good leadership of
government (Skinner, 2020). If government makes an aim of reducing racism, ethnicity
and migration. Government should give some benefits to the migrants so that they cannot
feel any differentiate from other people. That means they should focus on providing same
benefits to the identifiable groups and normal people. This is an effective way in order to
address the social problem of race ethnicity and migration.
Critically evaluate the ways in which policy responses to migratory waves have been developed
in United Kingdom, Europe and elsewhere
Migration of people to the country can be risky for them as it is associated with the risk of
terrorism and theft in the country. It is essential for a country to take care of several safety norms
so that they can stop unwanted entries in a country (Müllerová, 2017). There are several policies
which are developed in United Kingdom Europe and anywhere all over the world so that these
migratory waves can be regulated. In order to develop these policies it is essential for a country
to take care about the background of visitors who wants to visit another country. For this purpose
United kingdom has adopted a process for which all the migrants who wants to enter in the
geographical boundaries of United kingdom's for any other reason such as study or work are
required to take a prior permission from the UK government. On the basis of their motive to visit
the country they are provided visa for the same (Moreira, and Borba, 2021). In order to apply for
Visa for any country migrant can make online application to the government. This permission is
required to be taken by each and every people all over the world who are visiting UK for any
purpose of work or study. It does not include people who wants to come for short time visit and
short time students. To collect the visa from the government they are required to pay fees which
are based on several surcharges. The government has created what type of policies to encourage
migrants in the country as well as to restrict migration in the country. The policies formulated to
encourage migration is for increasing workforce and other people in the country who will help
them to build their economy and the population. And the reason behind to restrict migration is to

control the economy and the government in the country (Lubina, 2017). Both the policies are
essential as it helps the government to have a control over their geographical borders. Another
work done by the government is to create a well-designed temporary migration programs which
helps them to fill the critical even needs in a country. The policy of migrants in the country will
also help them to minimising the risk of overstays of people in the country and temporary
migration will fill their labour gets also. Apart from this if the government of UK will create a
legal pathway for migrants then it will reduce the illegal as well as irregular migrants in the
country. The policies which are created by UK government has a very positive impact and
responses to migratory waves. It is because these policies are formulated in such a manner that it
helps the government to restrict a regular or illegal migrants and promote legal migration to the
country. These policies also helps the government of United Kingdom to control the entry of
people in their geographical borders (Das, 2017).
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report it has been concluded that migration is very important for
the transfer of Manpower and skills which provide the needed knowledge and innovation for
global enhancement. In order to overcome the issues which are raised by the Global migration it
is very important for the organization to improve International coordination. Along with this
from the above mentioned discussion it has been analysed that there are several factors of
migrations which are followed by the organization. Along with this there are several ways
through which the policy response to migratory waves.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Becirbegovic, A., 2017. Mediated Memory: Visual Culture and Prosthetic (Re) Memory in Post-
War German Culture. University of California, Davis.
Das, T., 2017. Understanding Oxygen Vacancy Formation, Interaction, Transport, and Strain in
SOFC Components via Combined Thermodynamics and First Principles Calculations.
Michigan State University.
Kim, J.J., Stites, E., Webb, P., Constas, M.A. and Maxwell, D., 2019. The effects of male out-
migration on household food security in rural Nepal. Food Security, 11(3), pp.719-732.
Lia, P.O.P., 2018. Marginal Multilingualism as the Roma People Identity1. Journal of Identity
and Migration Studies, 12(1).
Lubina, M., 2017. Russia and China: A political marriage of convenience–stable and successful.
Verlag Barbara Budrich.
Masullo, G., 2017. THE INTEGRATION OF HOMOSEXUAL MIGRANTS INTO THE
ITALIAN GAY COMMUNITY. Gender and Sexuality in the Migration Trajectories:
Studies between the Northern and Southern Mediterranean Shores, p.49.
Moreira, J.B. and Borba, J.H.O.M.D., 2021. De “crisis migratoria” a “migraciones de crisis”: una
revisión conceptual en el campo de estudios de las migraciones. Revista Brasileira de
Estudos de População, 38.
Morgan, C., Knowles, G. and Hutchinson, G., 2019. Migration, ethnicity and psychoses:
evidence, models and future directions. World Psychiatry, 18(3), pp.247-258.
Müllerová, A., 2017. The Migrant Crisis and its Representation in Frankfurter Allgemeine
Zeitung and Lidové noviny.
Nkwi, W.G., 2017. Migration and Identity in Southwest Region of Cameroon: The Graffie
Factor, C. 1930s-1996. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Africanos= Brazilian Journal of
African Studies, 2(3).
Olayungbo, D.O. and Quadri, A., 2019. Remittances, financial development and economic
growth in sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from a PMG-ARDL
approach. Financial Innovation, 5(1), pp.1-25.
Olmedo, C.A. and del Miño, P.G.G., 2019. The migrant crisis in the Mediterranean: A
multidimensional challenge for the European Union. RUDN Journal of
Sociology, 19(4), pp.617-629.
Pop, L., 2018. Marginal Multilingualism as the Roma People Identity. Journal of Identity &
Migration Studies, 12(1).
Skinner, D., 2020. Race, racism and identification in the era of technosecurity. Science as
Culture, 29(1), pp.77-99.
Tarrant, C., 2017. Local boundaries of “illegality”: A case study of local and federal police
collaborations on immigration enforcement (Doctoral dissertation, UC San Diego).
Torres, S., 2019. Ethnicity and old age: Expanding our imagination. Policy Press.
Yang, B., Li, S. and Yue, Z., 2018, April. Influential Mechanism From Gender Imbalance
Consequences to Son Preference Among Rural Residents in China. In PAA 2018
Annual Meeting. PAA.
Yücedağ, G., 2020. The reflections of migration and migrant facts in German history. Journal of
Human Sciences, 17(4), pp.947-966.