Introduction to cybercrime Assignment

CYBERCRIME

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK...............................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Cybercrime is that which is creating the threat in the mind of many individuals and
people do go with having an extra security of their thing so that nobody can steal same in
effective way (Taylor, Fritsch and Liederbach, 2014). Criminals like private and public does
affect the company in great way. Even though the number of attacks and cybercrime is also
increasing in huge manner and IOD open house is that who is working over such to protect the
business in effective manner so that important details cannot be taken away.
TASK
History of Cyber crime.
When the computer was used in early times like 1990's at that time the hacking was done
to provide some more information about the system in better way. At that time hackers were
those who competed with each other to win the as best hacker. As a result of such thing many
networks were there which were affected, right from the military to commercial company in
right context too. Malicious software were such that become an present at the same period as
well and hacking become the problem for many individuals and business as this started hacking
and systems slow in better way (Broadhurst and et. al., 2014).
Cybercrime is that which is called as the Computer crime and thus PC are also used as an
instrument which does also help in having an illegal thing likewise; (Fraud and hacking of
intellectual property, even stealing identities or also violating the privacy as well). Mainly it is
being done with the computers as it has become the criteria of commerce, entertainment and
government as well in better way. Basically, the main cybercrime attack are done on the
information about the individuals, corporations and government as well although attacks which
do not take on physical body as it is such which is having an personal and corporate personal
body too.
Council of the Europe and other countries representatives took part in covering the
computer crimes in better way. Moreover, the council of Europe convention on the cybercrime
was merely signed by around 30 states (Brown, 2015). Later on, various national laws are there
who has expanded its laws enforcement's power which also monitor the different thing and also
having an protection of the computer networks in effective way.
Hence, the Cybercrime and its threat is such which is being posted on people and
business by the private criminal and state sponsored actors. Private criminal refers to the private
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offence that cannot be prosecuted with also exclude the complaint filed with having an aggrieved
party in better one as well. It is such which also include the deference which can be displeased
party and feel not to file any case which can lead to have such in case instead as going that has
through the some scandal of public trial too. On other side State sponsored actor refers to as who
are going to be as sponsored by the government and such thing is called as the state sponsored
actors. Even though, it is being divided into three type of actors are as: (State actors, state
sponsored actors and non states actors)
Moreover, there are various types of cyber crimes which create threat for many people and for
individuals as well and it is being classified as:
Hacking: This is a type of crime in which people computer is being divided into personal
and sensitive information as well which is accessed in better way too. Basically, in the UK
hacking is something which is classified as felony and punish as soon as possible. It is being
considered as ethical hacking and with many organization which needs to be used to check the
different thing with the internet security and protection as well (Lagazio, Sherif and Cushman,
2014). Therefore, in the hacking criteria the criminal is having an variety of software in which
enter person's computer in which the person may or may not be aware that his/her personal
computer is being accessed by some other remote location as well.
Identity theft: It is that which consider the thing in which people has major problem
with using the internet for making an cash payment and even with the banking services as well.
In this crime, criminal can access the data in the bank account, credit cards, Social security and
having an debit card with sensitive information with money or to buy things online in victim's
name. It is such which also result into some of the major losses with so many victim and also
spoil various thing like victim's Credit card history too.
Theft: It is such which normally occurs when the person do violates different thing like
copyrights and even also goes with the downloading various music, movies and games etc.
basically these are those which also peer share different thing like websites which do encourage
the software piracy and having an websites which do targeted with the FBI (Moore, 2014).
Moreover, there are some of the justice system which also address the cyber crime and there are
various laws who prevent people from having an illegal downloading too.
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Moreover there are some of the causes of cyber crime that affect the individual people and
business in great way and thus it would be like as: therefore the rate of return is high and
somewhere the risk is low, although, it is such in which conjugate to find the people who will
take advantage in better way of different situation in effective way. Hence, this is exactly what
happens in the cybercrime scenario and thus leads to have an proper work too (Wiederhold,
2014). Formally, data and information is such which means to rich the yield of return and also
having and catching the criminals becomes difficult. Firm has led to rise in cyber crime among
the different countries as well.
Never the less what type of Cyber crime is there in modern society.
Criminals is such who are indulge in the cyber crimes and thus it is such which is driven
by the ego and with expertise too. Instead of such they want to gain the knowledge in right
context so that they can gain some of the benefits too in effective manner as well. Hence, they
are using and helping them to use their expertise to steal and deceive that have an exploit of
people and it is such which do find it easy to earn money and having an honest work. Basically it
can be said that the cyber crime has become the threat of today and in even in different manner
as well and having an old school crimes too like robbing, mugging and stealing various thing too.
Basically, these crime, cyber crimes are such which is committed with the single handedly which
does not require to have an physical presence in better way of the criminals too (Akhgar,
Staniforth and Bosco, 2014). Normally, the crime is such which do happen from the remote
location and the criminals no need to worry about the law enforcement agencies in country
where they can also commit crimes in right context. These same system is be like made easier to
people and also conduct the e-commerce and having an online transaction which are not having
an exploited by cyber criminals in proper way.
Cybercrime is that which is categorized into three parts and such as:
Individual: This is that type of cyber crime and it can be in form of Cyber stalking,
trafficking and grooming etc. Today law enforcement agencies are those which also categories
different cyber crime which is very much seriously and going to join different forces in
internationally to reach the different places and arrest the perpetrators in better way.
Property: In the real world, where the criminal is such who can steal an rob different
thing, even in the cyber world there are many stealing and the robbing as well. Particularly in
this they usually steal the person bank details and has money too. Even though they can misuse
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the credit card and leads to have an numerous purchases online. Generally, they have to run a
scam at native people and having an hard money, moreover malicious software is such which
leads to gain access in the organization website or having disrupt with system of the
organization. Even though, software is such which can also damage the software and hardware in
great way.
Government: It is not considered as common with other two categories, basically
happening crime against the government then it can be referred as cyber terrorism. Moreover, if
successfully greets then can cause panic among the civilian population in better way (Dawson,
2015). In this particular part hackers do hack government websites, military websites etc. the
culprit may be considered as terrorist because of outfit and having an unfriendly government of
other nations too.
Hence, there are some solution which do help in tackling the cyber crime in effective way and
also help in catching the culprits in proper way with strategies too.
Even though, it has found that the cyber criminals are those who has an loose network in
which they do collaborate and also having an cooperation with one another in great way too. In
this there are so many thing in which criminals are those who do not fight for the supremacy or
control in effective way. Instead, they are those who do work together in better way which needs
to revamp the skills and even such thing can help each other with having new opportunity in
right context too. Usual method of fighting is such which does not used by the cyber criminals.
Mainly, various law enforcement agencies are there who do try to keep there pace over such in
with cuber criminals as well. This is primary just because method which is chose and used by
cyber criminals and even though the technology is such which do keep changing in timely basis
for having an enforcement of agencies to be effective in great way (Yu, 2014). Basically the
commercial institutions and government organization is such in need to look for other method of
having an safeguarding themselves in right manner.
The best way to go out of this is such which needs to be used by solution and needs to
provide the Cross-Domain solutions in effective way. Moreover, firm is such which use the
domain and cyber security solutions, even it is such which also lead to ensure the exchange of
the information adheres in effective way as well according to the security protocols. Even
though, solution is such which do allow organization to use different thing and having an unified
system which do comprise of the software and hardware and having an authenticates both with
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different manual and automatic transfer and having an access of various information and it is
such like that take place in between the several security classification levels in right context too.
Moreover, it is such which allow seamless and having an sharing and having an access of
information like having an specific security classification, and it cannot be intercepted and
having an adverted to use those part who is not having an security classification (Summers and
et. al., 2014). Generally, the thing is that which needs to keep the network and system in which
using the network safe in better way.
Cross domain is such which also offer the solution to keep all the information
confidential with the use of safe and secure domains in better way and cannot be tracked or
accessed in effective way too. Moreover, such security solution is such which is used mainly by
the commercial and governmental company and leads to ensure the heavy network and having an
still which make sure that users do get access with the required information and data in ease
manner.
CONCLUSION
From above essay, it can be concluded as cyber crime is such which has created hurdle
for individuals and business in great manner and it has lead to steal the important information
and data in effective way. Even though various solution is also being provided to crimes which
does help in having an work in better manner. Different types of crimes is such which is required
to know and provide data according to such only.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ablon, L., Libicki, M.C. and Golay, A.A., 2014. Markets for cybercrime tools and stolen data:
Hackers' bazaar. Rand Corporation.
Akhgar, B., Staniforth, A. and Bosco, F. eds., 2014. Cyber crime and cyber terrorism
investigator's handbook. Syngress.
Bernik, I., 2014. Cybercrime: The cost of investments into protection. Varstvoslovje. 16(2).
p.105.
Blakemore, B., 2016. Policing cyber hate, cyber threats and cyber terrorism. Routledge.
Broadhurst, R., and et. al., 2014. An analysis of the nature of groups engaged in cyber crime.
Brown, C.S., 2015. Investigating and prosecuting cyber crime: Forensic dependencies and
barriers to justice. International Journal of Cyber Criminology. 9(1). p.55.
Chang, W. and Chung, P., 2014, May. Knowledge management in cybercrime investigation–a
case study of identifying cybercrime investigation knowledge in Taiwan. In Pacific-Asia
Workshop on Intelligence and Security Informatics (pp. 8-17). Springer, Cham.
Dawson, M. ed., 2015. New threats and countermeasures in digital crime and cyber terrorism.
IGI Global.
Downes, D., Rock, P. and McLaughlin, E., 2016. Understanding deviance: a guide to the
sociology of crime and rule-breaking. Oxford University Press.
Holt, T.J. and Bossler, A.M., 2014. An assessment of the current state of cybercrime
scholarship. Deviant Behavior. 35(1). pp.20-40.
Lagazio, M., Sherif, N. and Cushman, M., 2014. A multi-level approach to understanding the
impact of cyber crime on the financial sector. Computers & Security. 45. pp.58-74.
Marcum, C.D., Higgins, G.E. and Ricketts, M.L., 2014. Juveniles and cyber stalking in the
United States: An analysis of theoretical predictors of patterns of online
perpetration. International Journal of Cyber Criminology. 8(1). p.47.
Moore, R., 2014. Cybercrime: Investigating high-technology computer crime. Routledge.
Rughiniş, C. and Rughiniş, R., 2014. Nothing ventured, nothing gained. Profiles of online
activity, cyber-crime exposure, and security measures of end-users in European
Union. computers & security. 43. pp.111-125.
Singh, J., 2014. Comprehensive solution to mitigate the cyber-attacks in cloud
computing. International Journal of Cyber-Security and Digital Forensics (IJCSDF).
3(2). pp.84-92.
Summers, S.J., and et. al., 2014. The emergence of EU criminal law: cyber crime and the
regulation of the information society. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Taylor, R.W., Fritsch, E.J. and Liederbach, J., 2014. Digital crime and digital terrorism. Prentice
Hall Press.
Vande Putte, D. and Verhelst, M., 2014. Cyber crime: Can a standard risk analysis help in the
challenges facing business continuity managers?. Journal of business continuity &
emergency planning. 7(2). pp.126-137.
Wiederhold, B.K., 2014. The role of psychology in enhancing cybersecurity.
Yu, S., 2014. Fear of cyber crime among college students in the United States: An exploratory
study. International Journal of Cyber Criminology. 8(1). p.36.
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