Data Analysis: Qualitative and Numerical Methods for Raw Data Evaluation

This report on Desklib discusses the importance of data analysis and the methods used for evaluating raw data. It covers themes derived from interviews and their analysis using thematic analysis. The report also discusses the importance of evaluating raw data and how it helps in making informed decisions. The subject covered is Data Analysis and the course code and college/university are not mentioned.

Data Analysis
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
Qualitative analysis......................................................................................................................3
Methods.......................................................................................................................................3
Findings.......................................................................................................................................4
PART 2............................................................................................................................................9
Numerical analysis.......................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFLECTIVE CYCLE.................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21
Books and journal......................................................................................................................21
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INTRODUCTION
Qualitative data is the process of gathering and analysing non numerical information which
is words or text. This information provides deeper insight to the topic so that in depth knowledge
can be acquired (Camic, 2021). There are various ways through which qualitative data can be
gathered some of them are interview, focused group, observation and case studies. In the current
investigation interview method is used for collecting qualitative data. in which face to face
interview is conducted by the researcher to collect deeper information (Singer and et. al, 2020).
Data analysis is the process to provide direction for inspecting, analysing, cleansing and
measuring the raw data. It is a roadmap which helps in analysing and organising the collected
data in proper way. Data analysis helps in achieving the aim and objective in valid and reliable
manner. It is very important to evaluate the raw data as it helps in accumulating useful
information out of it (Mölde, and et. al, 2021). It also helps the researcher to make informed
decision about the investigation in sound manner. there are two data analysis technique which
are frequency distribution analysis and thematic analysis.
Frequency distribution is the process of evaluating and analysing statistical and
mathematical information. In this technique quantitative data is being measured which is in
number or figures. Using this method is quite easier as it requires less time and cost. The
information which is extracted using this method is represented in tables, charts or graphs. On
the other hand, thematic analysis is the procedure to analyse and inspect non mathematical data.
In this method qualitative data in words and statement are being analysis (Yan and et. al, 2020).
This method is usually applied when the data is in collected using interview or transcripts.
Thematic analysis is used when researcher want to evaluate data in in-depth manner, investigator
closely examine the information and then represent it in the form of theme. In the current report
thematic data analysis method is used by the researcher to inspect and measure the qualitative
information.
PART 1
Qualitative analysis
Methods
As per the current report interview is being conducted so that data analysis method is
thematic analysis. Through this method more insight about the data can be made which helps I
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conducting the investigation in appropriate manner. Using this method non numerical data will
be inspected in deeper manner so that useful information out of them can be used. In this method
different themes will be made as per the interview conducted and then this theme will be review
in order to get short summary of overall interview (Braun and Clarke, 2021). Every theme will
be defined the one interview and then the interview will be written down in short summary so
that readers can know about detailed information of the topic. In the current investigation
researcher has conducted four interview, so there will be four theme as per each interview. Each
theme will be defined so that reader can know about the data which is collected by the
investigator in the interview.
Findings
Theme 1: To understand the concept of work and the liking and disliking factor about the job
Interviewer: What is work?
Interviewee: From the gathered data through interview it is being discussed that for interviewer
work is something that make them feel happy. For them work is a big part of their life as it helps
them to earn money as well as develop them professionally. Work is something that give the
reason to do something in life.
Interviewer: What you like most about your work and who are the people they meet?
Interviewee: With the accumulated piece of information, it is analysed that the most important
thing that they like about their job is meeting new people. This is because it aids them to meet
with different people having different characteristics, behaviour. They got in the contact of
diversifies personality. It provides employee the chance to speak with other people and know
their perception and thought. In the interview interviewee answered that they meet the people
outside their job because the job they do is interviewing the other people. Sometime they also
interview the same people.
Interviewer: What is the thing you dislike the most?
Interviewee: It is analysed that the interviewee dislike two thing while doing the job. The first
thing they dislike is within the company as they do not like the management structure of the
company and the second thing they hate is some time they met those people outside the job
which do not like the service they render.
Interviewer: Why you dislike the internal management structure of the organisation?
Interviewee: In the current time, organisation has changed a lot and the changes they made is
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unorganised. The foremost thing they dislike is the communication system which is very slow.
The second is high demotivation in the organisation because from many years’ company did not
recruit any new employee but suddenly they hire which creates the gap between new staff and
the older staff. In short it creates a culture shock from the existing employee. One of the factor is
sometime they meet new customer and their behaviour is quite negative which creates pressure
for them.
Interviewer: Do you think management of the company understand your role?
Interviewee: No they did not understand our role and Infact if we made any compliant then they
say that they had told them earlier only that you have to do this so they did not understand our
job role. The company does not work on the psychologists’ manner.
Interviewer: Why are you doing this job when they are such flaws?
Interviewee: As it is already said that interviewee love helping people and changing their life so
this is the main reason why they are working. They like when someone come an ask for the
guidance and then they provide them the solution which change their life. This makes feel happy
so that’s is the main reason about working.
Interviewer: What is the main thing you will change?
Interviewee: If I get the chance I will take the approach of the management as well as towards
my colleague. I will be using those approaches which will be positive for the peers and for
organisation.
Interviewer: Do you want to change the job?
Interviewee: As per know I would not like to change my job as I am pursuing master, but if I
get the chance to get promoted in the company them I will work and if don’t get chance then I
will try to get the job in DWP company.
Theme 2: Concept of team and the characteristics Team
Interviewer: What is your current role in the company?
Interviewee: I’m working as a marketing director in the company. The company deals in WIFI
technology. I manage the marketing team in Europe and there are 15 members in the team out of
which 5 is in UK and the remaining is spread in the part of Europe.
Interviewer: Do you and your team member travel?
Interviewee: Yes, we travel but occasionally. We generally travel in 3 to 4 months in a year. We
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travel in the UK only so that an interaction can be made between people.
Interviewer: Do you like managing team?
Interviewee: Yes, I like managing team but I don’t act as an in charge rather than I act as a
mediator. I pass all the necessary information of the top managers.
Interviewer: Is anything that you dislike about your job and why do you dislike?
Interviewee: The most dislike thing they I like about my job is the sale person. This is because
all person provide opinion rather than give suggestion about the marketing. This thing irritates
me as I am a stereotype person and my team is oversensitive to this.
Interviewer: why your team is oversensitive?
Interviewee: As in the company there are three pillars rather than three areas. The three pillar
are product development team, sales team and then marketing team. As a marketing team we are
in down chain and the power the rest to pillar has is quite large as compared to us. This make
them feel unequal and this is the main reason for their over sensitiveness.
Interviewer: You mentioned earlier about technology, so from which time period you are
associated with technology?
Interviewee: I am associated with the technology after I leave my school. After I leave school, I
work in Unilever in computer division department. From the time past now I am working in
software industry and about 20 to 25 years I am in the same field.
Interviewer: Do you interested in any other field or any other business?
Interviewee: As per the field I am not at all interested in any other field apart from marketing. I
love working in technology and in marketing technology plays an important role. As per
business areas I don’t like to move in other business as marketing is one of the job which I feel
match my expectation. As I like to interact with people which was lack in my previous job and in
current business customer engagement is much which I like the most.
Interviewer: What did you like the most in customer engagement?
Interviewee: In the customer engagement I like the most about talking to them and telling them
about the product, company and the culture. Making interaction so that they can sale their
products.
Interviewer: Can you tell about the bad day at the work?
Interviewee: the worst day I encounter at the work is when I was in Taiwan were I had to work
in offices as well as when I go home I need to check email. That time period was so tiring that I
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did not get time for myself. This happen when I was attaining global marketing meeting. At this
time, it become the daily routine.
Theme 3: Importance of career change in psychology
Interviewer: How are you, do you permit me to take interview?
Interviewee: I am good, yes I do permit you to conduct interview.
Interviewer: For you what is work and what are you doing today?
Interviewee: For me work is, money. People work to earn money so that they can afford a life
were they have food and shelter. Right now I am working as a babysitting for children. But I am
not looking my career in this field as I want to pursue for any other career change.
Interviewer: Which type of career change are you looking for?
Interviewee: I want to pursue my career in the field of Child psychologist when I was working
in the nursery but now I think I want a job as a business psychologist so I am pursuing my career
in it.
Interviewer: Is it important for you to make career in psychologist or do you have interest in
it?
Interviewee: To be frank, I am interesting in this field from last two to three year. Infact I am
also interested in this field because my father is a minister in religion were he do counselling of
people. So from there I developed interested in the field of psychologist.
Interviewer: Apart from babysitting do you do any other job?
Interviewee: Yes, I am working in online packaging store were we pack special goods or gifts.
It is a small company and there are two directors and one manager. I basically do sorting out
warehouse or packaging new stock.
Interviewer: Can you tell me about the bad day or activity you perform while working?
Interviewee: As I am an online packager I come to the office at 10 in the morning and need to
work till all the parcel get dispatched, so some time it gets late because I need to pick the parcel
and then need to pack.
Interviewer: What thing you like about your job and what do you dislike?
Interviewee: The thing I like the most about my job is adult interaction. As I get to interact with
the adults and provide suggestion about the gift they can use. This match my dream job of
psychology. The least I like is sometime we don’t get any orders and sometime the orders are too
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much that you don’t get time to sit.
Interviewer: How you manage your job or physical drain?
Interviewee: Managing job is quite easy as you start working in 10 and the time pass so fast
that u does not get to know when it turns out to be 5 in the evening.
Interviewer: Can you tell me the motivation towards doing this job?
Interviewee: As I said earlier my motivation to work is to earn money so that I can study
further and can pursue my career were I can do full time studies. Another reason for doing this
job is adult interaction that I made with people.
Interviewer: Can you please explain your study that you are doing right now as you
mentioned full time study?
Interviewee: As right know I am pursuing part time job in psychology so that I can built may
career in this field. This would help me to build career I sound manner.
Theme 4: Workplace torture and outcomes
Interviewer: For you what is work?
Interviewee: Working is passion that makes you happy and if you don’t feel happy then that is
torture. As per mu opinion work in spending time to earn money.
Interviewer: What is workplace torture do you experience any torture?
Interviewee: No, I did not feel any torture but I came across many people who complain about
this. They think that they are doing work which doesn’t satisfying them.
Interviewer: Did you came across any day ere you feel that this is ideal day for you?
Interviewee: Yes, I am doing a project were I am totally involved and I came to know about my
creative side and the presentation skill I have.
Interviewer: What are you currently doing?
Interviewee: Currently I am working for myself. I am doing project by my own and contact to
the client through online mode. I am website designer. I design log for brands and as well as for
clients to.
Interviewer: How do client contact you?
Interviewee: So the client came in contact with me either through some recommendation or
through my site. But usually all client contacts me through online.
Interviewer: What is thing attract you towards this job?
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Interviewee: The thing which attract me the most is taking decision which in this job I do. I put
my suggestion and try to make the best project for my client. So basically combination of
creativity and people attract me for this job.
Interviewer: What is the worst day for you?
Interviewee: For me the typical day is when I am working on the same project for long time
and the deadline is near. This make me stress and unhappy. The deadline of the project stress me
because if the project has so many activities left then this make me stressful.
Interviewer: How you deal with stressful client?
Interviewee: I deal with the client by off souring their record so that it did not stress me
Interviewer: What is the reason for doing the job?
Interviewee: The main reason for doing the current job is that my business in my extension they
make me grow as well as provide me success.
Interviewer: Does there is any factor make you to change your job?
Interviewee: Right now there is no factor but one thing which make me to change my job is my
family. If they want, then I have to change it. But I don’t think my family will say because they
are supportive. They are number one fan of my job.
PART 2
Numerical analysis
The numerical analysis involves the evaluation of the research problem with help of the
numbers and different statistical tools. These tools and techniques assist in solving the research
problem and this will be increasing the chances of attaining the aim and objectives of the study.
In the present case there are two different research question that need to be analysed. This
involves the first one which relates to the fact that whether there is a relation between job role
and the gross income on the basis of gender (Aaron and Chew, 2021). Moreover, the another
question relates to the analysis of the fact which is the strongest predictor of the overall job
satisfaction that is with pay or with job content.
Both these are very important for the analysis because it is helpful in analysing the fact
that whether the job satisfaction is being dependent over the other things or not. This is because
of the reason that when the working of the person is satisfactory then this will be affecting the
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working efficiency and income will increase. Hence, this will be improving the efficiency of the
person and will be increasing the working capability.
Objectives of the study
The objective of the numerical analysis involves the following-
Evaluation of the relation between job role and the monthly gross income.
To analyse the stronger predictor for the overall job satisfaction either with pay or with job
content.
Why selecting inferential statistics
The inferential statistics is being used in the present analysis because it assists in
analysing and suggesting the explanation for the situation being present. This is necessary
because these statistical methods assist in analysing the research problem in better manner
(Benoit and et.al., 2018). This technique is used in comparing the different parameters relating to
two or more samples and then make their own generalisation the findings. This inferential
statistic is being used in order to evaluate the data and the draw some conclusion relating to the
research objectives.
Presenting the result
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Presenting appropriate descriptive statistics
With the help of the descriptive statistics it is clear that the average work satisfaction at
the vocational school level is 5.2578 whereas on the O level or lower it is 4.7222. moreover, the
standard deviation highlighted the fact that the deviation is not much wide and this might affect
the data and the dispersion to a great extent (Byrne and et.al., 2020). Also, with was analysed
that on an average people more people are satisfied by their work within the vocational school
and not the O level.
Describing and interpreting the findings
With the help of correlation output it is clear that the correlation being present within
tenure and the gender role is negative. This simply implies that the tenure and the gender role are
not correlated with one another and rather it is negative. This negative correlation implies that in
case there will be any change in one variable will be causing a negative change in the another
variable. Moreover, with help of the another test that is regression it is clear that there is a
relation being present in the variables being tested. This implies that the significance value is
0.00 and this states that the alternate hypothesis is being accepted and the null is being rejected.
Also the R value is 24.4 % and this implies that relation between the variables is low. Along with
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this the R square is 5.9 % and this states that any change in the independent variable will be
causing a change of 5.9 % in the dependent variable.
Also with the help of the graph it is clear that the gender role conflict generally takes
place in case where the tenure is less. This is particularly because of the reason that when the
tenure is less than people are less comfortable while working and this can affect the working of
the company or the person to a great extent.
Moreover, with the help of the independent sample T test it was clear that there is not any
significant relation being present within having of spouse or partner with the depression. This is
particularly for the reason that having depression does not depend on the spouse or partner. Also
the descriptive statistics highlighted that on an average the people who agree with low depression
is 1. Whereas the average people agreeing with the depression is 0.8182 which is lower. Hence,
with this it can be stated that on an average more people tend to have high depression. Also the
significance value is 0.143 which is less than the standard and this implies that there is not any
significant difference being present within having spouse and depression. In the views of
Corominas, Matas and Ruiz-Carulla (2019) depression does not depend on the spouse majorly.
This is because of the reason that the depression an occur at any time and this will be affecting
the working efficiency of person. The spouse also affects the working and the level of
depression. This is particularly because of the reason that when the spouse is not good then this
will be affecting the mental status of the person and this might result in person getting into
depression.
But in against of this the significance value is more and this states that the depression is
not dependent over the spouse or the partner. There are many different types of the reason which
can lead the person to think for something and this can affect the working of mind of person to a
great extent (Bologna and Aquino, 2020). This negative thinking can also lead to increase in
depression and this can negatively affect the working of the person. Along with this many a
times the comparison of something leads to thinking negatively and it can also lead to
depression. In the end it can be stated that jo role that is gross income is not dependent over the
gender that is whether the person is male or female.
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CONCLUSION
From the above gathered data it is being concluded that for each and every person the
meaning of work is different. For some one work is earning money, for some it is torture, for
some it is passion and many more. Each and every person has different meaning for work. But
the common thing they have it provide them the reason to live life as they provide food to eat
and shelter to live. In the above report it is also concluded that each and every person does
different job as per their choice and expertise. Every employee works in that field in which they
feel happy and see any professional growth. Thus, it is concluded majority of people do work so
that they can become financial independent.
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REFLECTIVE CYCLE
Students completing their higher education are encouraged to complete reflective practice on
various educational experiences because it offers them an opportunity to grow by examining
their past experiences and refining their personality by looking back at the feelings, thoughts and
actions concluded during the specific educational experiences. My experience with completing
this data analysis project work has been insightful. I have completed a reflective log for this
project in order to review this experience and improve my knowledge further. The reflective log
is completed with application of Gibb’s reflective cycle which is a commonly used reflective
model and enables individuals to learn over time.
Gibb’s reflective Model
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Step 1:
Description
Step 2:
Feelings
Step 3:
Evaluation
Step 4:
Analysis
Step 5:
Conclusion
Step 6: Action
Plan
Gibb’s
Reflective
Cycle

The first stage of the Gibb’s reflective model revolves around describing the event in detail
to recollect every instance which occurred in the specific experience. The data analysis project
work required me to carry out both quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. In case of the
qualitative analysis of provided interview transcripts I used thematic analysis to identify the
themes associated with interview transcripts. Quantitative analysis part of project work involved
usage of inferential statistics to analyse, present and draw conclusions from data. I was able to
complete both qualitative and quantitative part of the project work in a timely manner with
effectively drawing conclusion from the available data. Looking back at my experience I have
realized that my quantitative analysis was completed more easily in comparison to qualitative
analysis.
The second stage aims to understand the thoughts and feelings of an individual during the
experience. I have understood after examining my past experience that the positive feelings and
thoughts are related to my quantitative experience while the negative feelings and thoughts can
be linked with the time I spent on completing the qualitative experience. This is because I was
easily able to apply inferential statistics to complete quantitative analysis and complete the
second part of the project work quicker than the first part which required qualitative analysis. I
felt that the qualitative data analysis was time consuming and I was stressed about my
interpretations being limited which further lead to time wastage as I spent way too much time on
evaluating my qualitative interpretation to get them right. On the other hand, my quantitative
analysis was completed swiftly and I felt confident with my end conclusion.
The evaluation stage seeks to identify the good and bad parts of the experience. The good
part of the experience for me was to get the opportunity to apply my statistical knowledge and
quantitative analysis capabilities to analyse the data from British Household Panel Survey. Upon
examination of my experienced I have learned that my inferential statistics knowledge
contributed to timely completion of the project because I was able to finish quantitative analysis
without any double takes and still get accurate results. In addition to this another positive
experience associate with this project work is creating the final report. This is because I was able
to use my effective academic communication skills to create a perfectly structured report.
The negative aspect of this project work were the challenges I faced when completing the
qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis depends upon the experience of the researcher and is
very time consuming. I had to review and revaluate my qualitative analysis again and again to
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minimize mistakes and get the best work form my knowledge. My weak stress management also
increased negative aspects of the experience as I was not able to cope up with the complex
process of completing qualitative analysis and felt annoyed because of the tie it was taking me to
complete the qualitative analysis. I have also understood that my time management skills are not
effective when it comes situations with high pressure because my schedule for the project work
got derailed when I faced difficulty in completing qualitative.
The analysis stage of the reflective model is an important stage because it helps individuals
review their reflection and experience to understand their current skill set. I have analysed that I
need to work on time management, stress management and qualitative analysis skills and
knowledge in order to ensure that future data analysis projects are in better quality. It is also
analysed from the above reflection that my strengths are quantitative analysis and can help me
get better grades upon further improvement.
From the above discussion it is concluded that I need to enhance my time management,
stress management skills and qualitative analysis knowledge immediately in order to ensure that
I am able to deliver high quality academic projects.
The SMART action plan is provided below:
Objective Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Timely
To improve
time
management
skills
It is
particular
because of
focus on
time
management
betterment.
It can be
measured
through
changes in
time
management
during pressure
situations
It can be
attained by
applying 4-D
time
management
tools.
It will help
improve
scheduling of
academic
projects
3 months
To enhance
stress
management
skills
It is specific
because of
aim to excel
in stress
management
Getting better
results even in
stressful
environment.
By practicing
mediation and
mindfulness
Will help
improve
efficiency in
stressful
environment
6 months
To build It is exact as Completing Practicing It is relevant 4 months
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better
qualitative
analysis
capabilities
it helps
outdo
performance
in qualitative
analysis
qualitative
analysis ability
with any kind
of data
qualitative
analysis and
getting
feedback
from teaching
faculty
because it
will ensure
better data
analysis.
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REFERENCES
Books and journal
Aaron, J. and Chew, T.L., 2021. A guide to accurate reporting in digital image processing–can
anyone reproduce your quantitative analysis?. Journal of Cell Science. 134(6).
p.jcs254151.
Benoit, K., and et.al., 2018. quanteda: An R package for the quantitative analysis of textual
data. Journal of Open Source Software. 3(30). p.774.
Bologna, M. and Aquino, G., 2020. Deforestation and world population sustainability: a
quantitative analysis. Scientific reports. 10(1). pp.1-9.
Braun, V. and Clarke, V., 2021. Thematic analysis. Analysing qualitative data in psychology.
London: Sage Publications Ltd. pp.128-47.
Byrne, H.J., Bonnier, F., McIntyre, J. and Parachalil, D.R., 2020. Quantitative analysis of human
blood serum using vibrational spectroscopy. Clinical Spectroscopy. 2. p.100004.
Camic, P.M., 2021. Qualitative research in psychology: Expanding perspectives in methodology
and design. American Psychological Association.
Corominas, J., Matas, G. and Ruiz-Carulla, R., 2019. Quantitative analysis of risk from
fragmental rockfalls. Landslides. 16(1). pp.5-21.
Mölder, F., and et. al, 2021. Sustainable data analysis with Snakemake. F1000Research. 10.
Singer, B., and et. al, 2020. WhatsApp as a medium to collect qualitative data among
adolescents: lessons learned and considerations for future use. Gates Open
Research, 4(130), p.130.
Yan, F., and et. al, 2020. From reads to insight: a hitchhiker’s guide to ATAC-seq data
analysis. Genome biology. 21(1). pp.1-16.
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