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Data Analytics : Assignment (Doc)

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Running Head: DATA ANALYTICS
Data Analytics
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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1DATA ANALYTICS
Executive Summary
The main purpose of this research is to establish the relationship between Income and Education
on Financial Satisfaction. In order to perform the analysis data has been extracted on Income,
Education and Financial Satisfaction from the WVS survey results. Analysis has been performed
using appropriate statistical techniques with the help of the statitical software SPSS. From the
results, positive relationship has been obtained between income and financial satisfaction and
negative relationship has been obtained between education and financial satisfaction.
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2DATA ANALYTICS
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................4
2.0 Conceptual Framework..............................................................................................................5
2.1 Education and Financial Satisfaction.....................................................................................5
2.2 Income and Financial Satisfaction.........................................................................................6
3.0 Methodology..............................................................................................................................6
3.1 World Value Survey..............................................................................................................6
3.2 Independent Variable.............................................................................................................7
3.3 Dependent Variable...............................................................................................................7
4.0 Data Analysis.............................................................................................................................7
4.1 Statistical Assumption...........................................................................................................7
4.1.1 Normality........................................................................................................................8
4.1.2 Multicollinearity.............................................................................................................8
4.1.3 Linearity and Homoscedasticity.....................................................................................9
4.2 Descriptive Analysis..............................................................................................................9
4.2.1 Frequencies...................................................................................................................10
4.2.2 Mean, Median and Standard Deviation........................................................................13
4.3 Correlation...........................................................................................................................13
4.4 Regression............................................................................................................................14
5.0 Discussion and Conclusion......................................................................................................15
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3DATA ANALYTICS
References......................................................................................................................................17
Appendices....................................................................................................................................17

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4DATA ANALYTICS
1.0 Introduction
All over the globe, it is important for every individual belonging to different economic,
social and financial environments to be more responsible so that the financial satisfaction and
protection is secure for the future. The economic situation is difficult in most of the countries and
thus the job market is extremely instable (Graafland and Lous 2017). Thus, it is important for the
families to have a planning for their immediate future as well as the long-term future since all the
life events have become unexpected.
Nowadays, the life expectancy and the quality of life for the individuals have become
higher. This has resulted in higher expenses in healthcare for them as well as for their families.
With the advancement in time, the expenses for the education have also increased. Thus,
planning of finances is important by the parents for the education of their children. Hence, it can
be said that as the expectancy in life increases, there is development in the quality of life
(Headey and Muffels 2016). As the economy of the countries develop, the responsibilities of the
individuals also increases and this leads to financial satisfaction over the years. This also
indicates that as the scale of income increases, the financial satisfaction of the individuals
increases as they can make smoother future planning (Ludeke and Larsen 2017).
The aim of this research is thus to find out the effect income and education has on the
financial satisfaction of the people in the United Kingdom.
In this report, the conceptual framework of the study will be discussed to assess the
relationship the independent variables Income and Education on the dependent variable Financial
Satisfaction. Following the conceptual framework, the research methodology will be discussed
followed by the discussion of the results of data analysis.
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5DATA ANALYTICS
2.0 Conceptual Framework
Figure 1: Conceptual Model representing the relationship between Education and Income
on Financial Satisfaction
2.1 Education and Financial Satisfaction
Researches have shown that the financial security of a person increases with the increase
in the highest level of education attained by a person (Xiao and Porto 2017). Better skills and
experiences are earned by an individual with the help of education and this leads to getting better
paid jobs (Xiao and O'Neill 2016). The future planning of a family with higher income must be
smooth and thus, there will be financial satisfaction in the family. A higher college degree will
help a person to get the best jobs that is available in the market in the current economic condition
(Luo, Stiffler and Will 2017). Thus, a person with higher educational qualification or with a
professional degree is expected to have a decent living standard and also a successful life.
Though recently, it has been observed that the number of people attending college is too many
and thus, it is a matter of concern that whether all the college graduates are getting jobs based on
the condition of the economy as well as of the market (Solis and Durband 2015). This can have a
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6DATA ANALYTICS
negative effect on the financial satisfaction of a person. If a person is unable to have a job which
is suitable to this or her level, the financial satisfaction of that person will be less.
Hypothesis 1: The Education of people has a positive impact on the Financial Satisfaction of the
person and are related positively.
2.2 Income and Financial Satisfaction
One of the most researched topics is financial satisfaction of the people. There has been
observation of various concepts and results from various studies based on the relationship
between income of the people and their financial satisfaction. It has been found out by Mulligan
(2013) that there is a positive relationship between income and financial satisfaction. The effects
have found to differ in the multivariate context moreover. The effect of income and financial
satisfaction has been found to be positive among males but not so strong with females. Further,
this difference in financial satisfaction has also been observed across religion. The effect has
been found to be strong in lesser religious people and weak in highly religious people. According
to Powdthavee and Wooden (2015), when there is not satisfactory income for a family, it is a
misery for them. Thus, there should be a positive relationship between income and Financial
Satisfaction.
Hypothesis 2: The relationship between Income and Financial Satisfaction of the people in UK
is positive.
3.0 Methodology
Quantitative analysis techniques have been used to carry out this research. Based on the
results obtained from the hypotheses testing, a deductive analysis has also been performed. The
data used for this analysis has been collected from World Values Survey (WVS) Wave 5.

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7DATA ANALYTICS
3.1 World Value Survey
For the purpose of this research data has been collected from the WVS sources, who
conducted the survey by designing a questionnaire which was distributed to the citizens of the
United Kingdom selected randomly. WVS conducted the survey in the year 2005
(Worldvaluessurvey.org, 2005). There is a disadvantage to this data collection method. The
survey has been conducted generally and not with respect to any particular study. Thus,
questions may arise about the validity of the data.
3.2 Independent Variable
Independent variables are the variables which are used to predict other variables and
themselves cannot be affected by other variables (Gupta 2017). In this study, the independent
variables that has been considered are Income and Education of the respondents.
3.3 Dependent Variable
Dependent variables are the variables, measurement of which are performed on the basis
of the independent variables. Thus, if there are changes in the independent variables, it is
expected that there should be changes in the dependent variable as well (Holcomb 2016). In this
study, the dependent variable that has been considered is Financial satisfaction.
4.0 Data Analysis
The data that has been collected from the data sources of WVS has been analyzed with
the help of the statistical software SPSS. The analyses are shown and discussed further in this
report.
4.1 Statistical Assumption
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8DATA ANALYTICS
Before starting the analysis of the data, it is necessary to find out whether the data is
suitable for the analysis. For that, the data has to satisfy certain assumptions. These are
Normality, linearity, multicollinearity and homoscedasticity (Ott and Longnecker 2015). The
residuals of the dependent variable must be normal and homoscedastic and the independent
variables must be free from multicollinearity. There should be a linearity between the variables.
Satisfying all these assumptions, further analysis will be performed on the data.
4.1.1 Normality
From the normal Q-Q plot obtained as a result of the normality test of the variables, it can
be seen that the residuals of the dependent variable financial satisfaction follow a linear trend.
This indicates that the residuals follow the assumption of normality.
Figure 2: Normal Q-Q Plot of the Residuals of the dependent variable
4.1.2 Multicollinearity
The presence of inter-relations between the independent variables are determined with
the help of multicollinearity. The VIF indicates the presence of multicollinearity between the
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9DATA ANALYTICS
independent variables. A VIF value higher than 5 indicates the presence of multicollinearity. In
this case, the VIF value is less than 5 as can be seen from table 1 (Fahrmeir 2013). Thus, the
problem of multicollinearity does not exist. Hence, the independent variables are not inter-related
and will be of help to the analysis.
Table 1: Collinearity Statistics
Tolerance VIF
0.928 1.078
0.928 1.078
4.1.3 Linearity and Homoscedasticity
If the relationship between the variables have found to be linear, then the linearity
assumption will be satisfied. Further, if the residuals of the dependent variable are found to be
scattered in the de-trended normal Q-Q plot, then the homoscedasticity assumption of the
variable is satisfied (Hinton 2014). It can be seen from figure 3 that the residuals in the de-
trended normal Q-Q plot are quite scattered and hence, the homoscedasticity assumption is
satisfied.
Figure 3: De-trended Normal Q-Q Plot satisfying the assumption of Homoscedasticity

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10DATA ANALYTICS
4.2 Descriptive Analysis
The number or percentage of occurrences of an event in a variable is established with the
help of the descriptive statistics measures. Further the shape of the data can also be understood
with the help of these measures (Anderson et al. 2013).
4.2.1 Frequencies
With the help of the frequency distribution table, the number of responses and their
percentages for each category of a variable are illustrated (Sullivan 2013).
It can be seen from the frequency table as well as from the pie chart that most of the
percentage of the respondents do not have financial satisfaction. Very little percentage of people
have shown satisfaction with their finances.
Figure 4: Pie Chart showing the Percentage of people with Financial Satisfaction
Table 2: Satisfaction with the financial situation of household V68
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 1 222 21.3 21.6 21.6
2 378 36.3 36.7 58.3
3 267 25.6 25.9 84.3
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11DATA ANALYTICS
4 95 9.1 9.2 93.5
5 67 6.4 6.5 100.0
Total 1029 98.8 100.0
Missing System 12 1.2
Total 1041 100.0
It can be seen from table 3 and figure 5 that most of the respondents (45.07%) have
completed technical or vocational type secondary school. 18.44 percent of the people have
completed their university level education with a degree.
Figure 5: Pie Chart showing the Percentage of people with their Education
Table 3: Highest educational level attained V238
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid No formal education 31 3.0 3.0 3.0
Incomplete primary school 3 .3 .3 3.3
Complete primary school 24 2.3 2.3 5.7
Incomplete secondary school:
technical/ vocational type
69 6.6 6.7 12.4
Complete secondary school:
technical/ vocational type
462 44.4 45.1 57.5
Incomplete secondary school:
university-preparatory type
22 2.1 2.1 59.6
Complete secondary school:
university-preparatory type
124 11.9 12.1 71.7
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12DATA ANALYTICS
Some university-level education,
without degree
101 9.7 9.9 81.6
University - level education, with
degree
189 18.2 18.4 100.0
Total 1025 98.5 100.0
Missing Missing; Not asked by the
interviewer
8 .8
No answer 4 .4
Don´t know 4 .4
Total 16 1.5
Total 1041 100.0
It can be seen from figure 6 and table 4 that maximum number of respondents selecyted
belong to the lower income group. It can be said from here hypothetically that the respondents do
not have a very high degree of education and thus their income group is also low.
Figure 6: Bar Chart showing the number of people with their Income Scales
Table 4: Scale of incomes V253
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 1 212 20.4 20.4 20.4
2 433 41.6 41.6 62.0
3 178 17.1 17.1 79.1
4 150 14.4 14.4 93.5
5 68 6.5 6.5 100.0

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13DATA ANALYTICS
Total 1041 100.0 100.0
4.2.2 Mean, Median and Standard Deviation
The average of the values of a variable in a dataset is known as the mean of the variable,
median indicates the value above which 50% of the values of the variable lie. Standard deviation
is the average of the deviation of all the values from the mean value (Holcomb 2016).
The standard deviation of the values has been found to be less and thus, it can be said that
the values are mostly close to the average value. The presence of outliers in the variables can be
identified when there are huge differences in the mean and the median values. That is not the
case for any of the variables here except for highest education level. Thus, it can be said there
can be some outliers present for this variable.
Table 5: Statistics
Satisfaction with the
financial situation of
household V68
Highest educational
level attained V238 Scale of incomes V253
N Valid 1029 1025 1041
Missing 12 16 0
Mean 2.42 6.05 2.45
Median 2.00 5.00 2.00
Std. Deviation 1.119 1.977 1.156
Skewness .626 -.041 .638
Std. Error of Skewness .076 .076 .076
Kurtosis -.206 -.393 -.460
Std. Error of Kurtosis .152 .153 .151
Percentiles 25 2.00 5.00 2.00
50 2.00 5.00 2.00
75 3.00 8.00 3.00
4.3 Correlation
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14DATA ANALYTICS
The association between two variables are denoted with the help of correlational analysis.
If the degree of association is found to be positive, it will indicate that there is positive
correlation between the variables and a negative sign will indicate a negative correlation between
the variables. A positive correlation indicates increase in one variable when the other variable
increases and a negative correlation indicates decrease in one variable when the other variable
increases (Chatterjee and Simonoff 2013).
From the table of correlations. It can be seen that Financial satisfaction has a negative
correlation with education level (- 0.084) and a positive correlation with income (0.204).
Moreover, it can be seen that the correlation between education and financial satisfaction is very
weak. Further, it can be seen that the significance values are less than 0.05. Thus, it can be said
that the correlations are significant.
Table 6: Correlations
Satisfaction with
the financial
situation of
household V68
Highest
educational level
attained V238
Scale of incomes
V253
Pearson Correlation Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
1.000 -.084 .204
Highest educational level
attained V238
.084 1.000 -.269
Scale of incomes V253 .204 -.269 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
. .004 .000
Highest educational level
attained V238
.004 . .000
Scale of incomes V253 .000 .000 .
N Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
1016 1016 1016
Highest educational level
attained V238
1016 1016 1016
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15DATA ANALYTICS
Scale of incomes V253 1016 1016 1016
4.4 Regression
The nature of fit of the model is tested with the help of regression. The beta value and the
R2 value indicates the type of fit in the model. It can be seen that the significance is less than
0.05, which indicates that the model is significant (Chatterjee and Simonoff 2013). The R-Square
value indicates that 4.3 percent of the variability in the financial satisfaction can be explained by
income and education. The B value for education is negative which contradicts the hypothesis 1
and The B value for income is positive which supports the hypothesis 2.
Table 7: Model Summary
R
R
Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the
Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F
Change df1 df2
Sig. F
Change
.207a .043 .041 1.095 .043 22.565 2 1013 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), Scale of incomes V253, Highest educational level attained V238
Table 8: Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity
Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1 (Constant) 2.074 .152 13.628 .000
Highest educational
level attained V238
-.018 .018 -.032 -.995 .320 .928 1.078
Scale of incomes V253 .188 .031 .196 6.131 .000 .928 1.078
a. Dependent Variable: Satisfaction with the financial situation of household V68
5.0 Discussion and Conclusion

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16DATA ANALYTICS
The data from the WVS survey has been used for the purpose of the analysis and to meet
the research aim of this report. The aim of this research was to establish the relationship between
education and income on financial satisfaction. The statistical assumptions of normality,
homoscedasticity, multicollinearity and linearity has been satisfied by the data and thus further
correlation and regression analysis has been performed. The fitted model has been found to be
significant and thus is considered to be a good fit. Income has been found to be impacting
financial satisfaction positively and education has been found to be negatively impacting the
financial satisfaction of the people in UK.
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17DATA ANALYTICS
References
Anderson, D., Sweeney, D., Williams, T. and Lei, P. (2013). Fundamentals of business statistics.
Beijing: Qing hua da xue chu ban she.
Chatterjee, S. and Simonoff, J. (2013). Handbook of Regression Analysis. Chicester: Wiley.
Fahrmeir, L. (2013). Regression. Berlin: Springer.
Graafland, J. and Lous, B. (2017). Economic Freedom, Income Inequality and Life Satisfaction
in OECD Countries. Journal of Happiness Studies.
Gupta, S.C., 2017. Fundamentals of statistics. Himalaya Publishing House.
Headey, B. and Muffels, R. (2016). Towards a Theory of Medium Term Life Satisfaction:
Similar Results for Australia, Britain and Germany. Social Indicators Research, 134(1), pp.359-
384.
Hinton, P.R., 2014. Statistics explained. Routledge.
Holcomb, Z.C., 2016. Fundamentals of descriptive statistics. Routledge.
Ludeke, S. and Larsen, E. (2017). Problems with the Big Five assessment in the World Values
Survey. Personality and Individual Differences, 112, pp.103-105.
Luo, M.N., Stiffler, D. and Will, J., 2017. The Long-Term Outcomes of Graduates’ Satisfaction:
Do Public and Private College Education Make a Difference?. Journal of Global Education and
Research, 1(1), p.2.
Mulligan, C. (2013). Recent Marginal Labor Income Tax Rate Changes by Skill and Marital
Status. Tax Policy and the Economy, 27(1), pp.69100.
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18DATA ANALYTICS
Ott, R.L. and Longnecker, M.T., 2015. An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis.
Nelson Education.
Powdthavee, N. and Wooden, M. (2015). Life satisfaction and sexual minorities: Evidence from
Australia and the United Kingdom. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 116, pp.107-
126.
Solis, O. and Durband, D.B., 2015. Financial support and its impact on undergraduate student
financial satisfaction. College Student Journal, 49(1), pp.93-105.
Sullivan, M. (2013). Fundamentals of statistics. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson.
Worldvaluessurvey.org. (2018). WVS Database. [online] Available at:
http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp [Accessed 03 Aug. 2018].
Xiao, J.J. and O'Neill, B., 2016. Consumer financial education and financial
capability. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 40(6), pp.712-721.
Xiao, J.J. and Porto, N., 2017. Financial education and financial satisfaction: Financial literacy,
behavior, and capability as mediators. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(5), pp.805-
817.

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19DATA ANALYTICS
Appendices
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
2.42 1.119 1029
Highest educational level
attained V238
6.05 1.977 1025
Scale of incomes V253 2.45 1.156 1041
Correlations
Satisfaction with
the financial
situation of
household V68
Highest
educational level
attained V238
Scale of
incomes V253
Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
Pearson Correlation 1 -.084** .208**
Sig. (2-tailed) .007 .000
N 1029 1016 1029
Highest educational level
attained V238
Pearson Correlation .084** 1 -.270**
Sig. (2-tailed) .007 .000
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20DATA ANALYTICS
N 1016 1025 1025
Scale of incomes V253 Pearson Correlation .208** -.270** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 1029 1025 1041
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Regression
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
2.43 1.118 1016
Highest educational level
attained V238
6.05 1.980 1016
Scale of incomes V253 2.45 1.163 1016
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21DATA ANALYTICS
Correlations
Satisfaction with
the financial
situation of
household V68
Highest
educational level
attained V238
Scale of
incomes V253
Pearson Correlation Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
1.000 -.084 .204
Highest educational level
attained V238
.084 1.000 -.269
Scale of incomes V253 .204 -.269 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
. .004 .000
Highest educational level
attained V238
.004 . .000
Scale of incomes V253 .000 .000 .
N Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
1016 1016 1016
Highest educational level
attained V238
1016 1016 1016
Scale of incomes V253 1016 1016 1016
Variables Entered/Removeda
Model
Variables
Entered
Variables
Removed Method

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22DATA ANALYTICS
1 Scale of
incomes V253,
Highest
educational level
attained V238b
. Enter
a. Dependent Variable: Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summary
Model R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square Change F Change df1 df2
1 .207a .043 .041 1.095 .043 22.565 2 1
a. Predictors: (Constant), Scale of incomes V253, Highest educational level attained V238
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
Colline
B Std. Error Beta Toleranc
1 (Constant) 2.074 .152 13.628 .000
Highest educational level
attained V238
-.018 .018 -.032 -.995 .320 .9
Scale of incomes V253 .188 .031 .196 6.131 .000 .9
a. Dependent Variable: Satisfaction with the financial situation of household V68
Collinearity Diagnosticsa
Model Dimension Eigenvalue Condition Index Variance Proportions
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23DATA ANALYTICS
(Constant)
Highest
educational level
attained V238
Scale of
incomes V253
1 1 2.786 1.000 .01 .01 .02
2 .182 3.917 .01 .19 .56
3 .032 9.263 .99 .80 .42
a. Dependent Variable: Satisfaction with the financial situation of household V68
Frequencies
Satisfaction with the financial situation of household V68
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 222 21.3 21.6 21.6
2 378 36.3 36.7 58.3
3 267 25.6 25.9 84.3
4 95 9.1 9.2 93.5
5 67 6.4 6.5 100.0
Total 1029 98.8 100.0
Missing System 12 1.2
Total 1041 100.0
Frequencies table
Statistics
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24DATA ANALYTICS
Satisfaction with
the financial
situation of
household V68
Highest
educational level
attained V238
Scale of
incomes V253
N Valid 1029 1025 1041
Missing 12 16 0
Mean 2.42 6.05 2.45
Median 2.00 5.00 2.00
Std. Deviation 1.119 1.977 1.156
Skewness .626 -.041 .638
Std. Error of Skewness .076 .076 .076
Kurtosis -.206 -.393 -.460
Std. Error of Kurtosis .152 .153 .151
Percentiles 25 2.00 5.00 2.00
50 2.00 5.00 2.00
75 3.00 8.00 3.00
Highest educational level attained V238
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid No formal education 31 3.0 3.0 3.0
Incomplete primary school 3 .3 .3 3.3
Complete primary school 24 2.3 2.3 5.7
Incomplete secondary
school: technical/ vocational
type
69 6.6 6.7 12.4
Complete secondary school:
technical/ vocational type
462 44.4 45.1 57.5
Incomplete secondary
school: university-
preparatory type
22 2.1 2.1 59.6
Complete secondary school:
university-preparatory type
124 11.9 12.1 71.7
Some university-level
education, without degree
101 9.7 9.9 81.6

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25DATA ANALYTICS
University - level education,
with degree
189 18.2 18.4 100.0
Total 1025 98.5 100.0
Missing Missing; Not asked by the
interviewer
8 .8
No answer 4 .4
Don´t know 4 .4
Total 16 1.5
Total 1041 100.0
Scale of incomes V253
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 212 20.4 20.4 20.4
2 433 41.6 41.6 62.0
3 178 17.1 17.1 79.1
4 150 14.4 14.4 93.5
5 68 6.5 6.5 100.0
Total 1041 100.0 100.0
Descriptives
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Skewness
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error
Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
1029 1 5 2.42 1.119 .626 .07
Highest educational level
attained V238
1025 1 9 6.05 1.977 -.041 .07
Scale of incomes V253 1041 1 5 2.45 1.156 .638 .07
Valid N (listwise) 1016
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26DATA ANALYTICS
Explore
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
1016 97.6% 25 2.4% 1041 100.0%
Highest educational level
attained V238
1016 97.6% 25 2.4% 1041 100.0%
Scale of incomes V253 1016 97.6% 25 2.4% 1041 100.0%
Descriptives
Statistic Std. Error
Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
Mean 2.43 .035
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
Lower Bound 2.36
Upper Bound 2.50
5% Trimmed Mean 2.36
Median 2.00
Variance 1.250
Std. Deviation 1.118
Minimum 1
Maximum 5
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27DATA ANALYTICS
Range 4
Interquartile Range 1
Skewness .628 .077
Kurtosis -.192 .153
Highest educational level
attained V238
Mean 6.05 .062
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
Lower Bound 5.93
Upper Bound 6.17
5% Trimmed Mean 6.13
Median 5.00
Variance 3.921
Std. Deviation 1.980
Minimum 1
Maximum 9
Range 8
Interquartile Range 3
Skewness -.042 .077
Kurtosis -.393 .153
Scale of incomes V253 Mean 2.45 .037
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
Lower Bound 2.38
Upper Bound 2.53
5% Trimmed Mean 2.39
Median 2.00
Variance 1.354
Std. Deviation 1.163
Minimum 1
Maximum 5
Range 4
Interquartile Range 1
Skewness .619 .077
Kurtosis -.500 .153
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Satisfaction with the financial
situation of household V68
.230 1016 .000 .882 1016 .000

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28DATA ANALYTICS
Highest educational level
attained V238
.278 1016 .000 .870 1016 .000
Scale of incomes V253 .266 1016 .000 .874 1016 .000
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
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Satisfaction with the financial situation of household V68
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Highest educational level attained V238

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Scale of incomes V253
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