Strategies for Effective Management and Care of SCD Patients at Home: A Study

The assignment content highlights the importance of providing educational strategies to parents and caregivers who take care of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) patients at their homes. The study aims to assess key variables such as income level, social support, and educational background that impact the management process of SCD patients. The clinical importance of SCD management is emphasized, and the need for further research to minimize pain and improve health outcomes is stressed. The study also notes the limited statistical significance attributed to previous patient management studies on SCD.

Running Head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1
Evaluating the parental-care practices for sickle-cell disease (SCD) in
Cameroon
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL 2
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Research Methodology....................................................................................................................5
Data Collection Method...................................................................................................................5
Sampling Strategy............................................................................................................................6
Ethical Issues...................................................................................................................................6
Justification of the Proposed of Data Analysis................................................................................7
Validity/Reliability..........................................................................................................................7
Reflective Conclusion......................................................................................................................7
References......................................................................................................................................10

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 3
Introduction
Sickle cell disease is one of the genetic disorders that have caused abnormality in the
hemoglobin level, red blood cells, and the complications that arises from the resultant disease
(Oakes, 2011). In Africa, the disease is of high prevalence, and it has affected a large population
with the genetic disorder taking the center-stage in affecting the integral components in the
economy. It is expected that 500 births have been largely affected by sickle trait, which has
influential in the recessive disorder and affecting equality in the economy. SCD diagnosis is
always undertaken through the screening process of the newborn individuals, and this can
contribute to the management of the disease including prevention of infections, hydration, and
pain. In this study, the focus is on developing a framework for conducting an in-depth analysis of
the parental-care practices that can be influential in the management of sickle-cell disease in
Cameroon.
SCD is one of the conditions that are associated with numerous chronic and acute
complications that are associated with distinct problems such as the cerebral vasculopathy, vaso-
occlusive events, acute chest syndrome (ACS), and chronic kidney diseases (Gupta, 2014). When
looking at the situation of the ACS, which is the complex situation for the SCD, it is often
frequent to patients that have been reported to be having SCD. For the reported hospitalization,
ACS has been considered as the second problem that has led to death amongst the victims and
majority of them are largely hospitalized. The SCD-related mortality has contributed to about
25%, and there is need to implement measures that will increase the global competitiveness. The
repeated nature of the ACS has always meant that the patients require effective medical
attention, and the lung functionality has been affected over time. The chronic lung disease offers

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 4
an opportunity towards improving the effectiveness and necessitates global success and improves
the overall production capacity (Oakes, 2011).
As provided by Reddin, Cerrentano, and Tanabe (2011), ACS has been defined as the
infiltrate that affects the pulmonary cavity and it is often consistent with the X-ray and
consolidates the alveolar. The clinical findings have suggested that closer scrutiny of the
pulmonary infiltrate offers an opportunity towards managing the clinical conditions. The
reduction in oxygen concentration has been given to be <60 mmHg and other issues such as
chest pain, intercostal retractions, and wheeze. The complications that is associated with the
pathogenesis and the difficulties towards increasing the efficiency of the operations and
managing the complications. In the modern society, the ACS condition has remained one of the
elucidated aspects and the medical practitioners have provided an avenue towards managing
effectiveness and minimizing the implications of the risk factors. The pathophysiology has
remained one of the key issues that have determined the concentrations of Hemoglobin F (HbF)
and the leukocyte counts that are reported amongst the patients (Reddin, Cerrentano, and Tanabe,
2011).
Following the increasing demand for the SCD management, concern has been placed on
the significance of home-care in ensuring that the situation is managed and individuals have a
strong relationship with the patients (Brown, 2006). The home-care or the parental-care
associated with SCD has been undertaken in most of the economies; both developed and
developing and they have been critical towards increasing the success level in the integral
capabilities (Gupta, 2014). The management of SCD has been critical towards reducing the cost
of treatment that is incurred by the victims when they are involved in the treatment process. The
management process has been aided by the multifactorial ACS etiology, which underlines three

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 5
key mechanisms that can be utilized in the primary intervention process such as the pulmonary
infarction, fat embolism, and systematic management of the erythrocytes.
The rationale behind undertaking this study is on the reported incidences of the sickle-
anemia that has been reported in part of Cameroon. Most of the patients have reported recurrent
hospitalization, and during the ‘World Sickle Cell Day’ in Yaounde, as provided by Kindzeka
(2015), majority of the patients were narrating the ordeal that they have faced during the
management process of the sickle-anemia disease. It is expected that the changing needs and
demand for the medical conditions of the victims needs to be addressed at the early stage in order
to manage the hospitalization process of the victims. The policy makers should adopt the results
of this study in ensuring that the management process of the SCD is undertaken with the desired
effectiveness.
Research Methodology
This research is a quantitative study and it utilizes the medical report and information that
are present in the medical centers regarding the condition. As a retrospective study, the Chantal
Biya Foundation will be the basis for assessing the situation and medical condition that are
relevant in dealing with the SCD victims. Information or data regarding the frequency of
hospitalization will be assessed, and this will form the basis for determining the need for
management of SCD amongst the patients in Cameroon. Quantitative research design is essential
in improving the decision making process as it follows a clearly outlined strategy that will aid in
data collection process.
Data Collection Method
For data collection, it will be largely retrieved from the website of World Health
Organization, case studies on public health situation, and MoPH data base. The data collected

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 6
will be from 2012 to 2015 period, and it will be essential in providing an informed decision
regarding the trend in the hospitalization process and the trend in the medical situation and aims
at achieving success level in decision making process.
Sampling Strategy
In this study, the sampling strategy that will be utilized is random sampling where the
information collected need to be based on the efficacy of the operations and the success level of
the productivity in the industry. Considering the emerging issues in the economy, the global
competitiveness and the success level that incorporate the decision making process can be
influential for the success in achieving the decision process. The selection of the data base will
be conducted with ease, and this will be followed by the selection of patients for conducting the
study. Information from the Chantal Biya Foundation will be relied upon when conducting this
study. The inclusive criterion that will be utilized is that the patients who have been diagnosed
with SCD will be selected for this study. The exclusive criterion will involve assessing the
patients that have not reported any hospitalization for SCD.
Ethical Issues
The procedures and strategies that have been developed in conducting this study are
based on the newly revised Declaration of Helsinki (DoH), which provides distinct ethical
principles that are essential in the experimentation of the human condition. The DoH was
implemented by various medical practitioners that are involved in the World Medical
Association (WMA), and they are largely involved in providing informed decisions regarding the
trend in the sector. This study was also approved by the Chantal Biya Foundation and it got the
clearance from the Ethical Review Board (ERB) within the University. This is essential towards
increasing the effectiveness of the operations and necessitating the global successes in the

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 7
campaigns that are offered in assessing the key issues. The patients’ private information will
remain anonymous in the case where the data collected has the names of the patients.
Justification of the Proposed of Data Analysis
The SPSS package will be used in analyzing the collected data. This will be utilized
before addressing the aims and objectives of the study and providing an in-depth assessment of
the quality of the data selected. For the socio-demographic data, descriptive analysis will be
utilized, and this will inform the researcher on the link between socio-demographic factors and
the management process of the SCD conditions. Other methods that will be used for data
analysis include the frequency distribution tables and graphical assessment.
Validity/Reliability
Reliability is defined as the process by which the researcher can get similar results upon
using the same methods in another study population. This study employs effective data collection
and analysis method and the measurement error that can be reported is expected to be minimal
and inconsequential. .For validity, it involves a situation where the results or study findings
shows the true picture in the management of the SCD in developing economies. The report
findings can be used by policy makers in making decisions regarding the correlation of variables
and improving the consistency of the data reported. For ease in the implementation process of the
data provided, it is essential to note the significance of data management towards improving the
overall success level and harnessing the decision making process in the data management
process (Fullwiley, 2011).
Reflective Conclusion
The study’s aims will be on determining the effectiveness of the parental-care in the
management of the SCD in Cameroon, and the study will be applicable to other developing

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 8
economies. The secondary data analysis provides an avenue for understanding the trend in the
data collection process through the correlational and exploratory strategy, and this can be
influential in improving the understanding of the effectiveness of the management of SCD. The
correlational and exploratory study undertaken will be essential in revisiting the issue of self-care
management and ensuring that the young individual’s situation can be managed towards
increasing the competitiveness in the sector. The important aspect of SCD management and the
self-care issues will be assessed in this study, and it will offer an avenue towards understanding
the trend in the situation amongst the Cameroon patients having SCD. It is expected that the
study will be a success with the focus being on the management of SCD, and this will be critical
towards reducing the effectiveness of the operations and necessitating global successes.
According to Stinson and Naser (2003), the SCD management process offers an
opportunity towards increasing the reliability and validity of the overall study, and this can be
critical towards forming an informed decision in the clinical management and the need to
improve the conditions of the individuals that are effective in necessitating cordial relationship.
The clinical care is one of the key aspects that should be considered when offering educational
strategies to the parents and those that will take care of the SCD patients at their homes. The
experiences that the patients have often reported at the wake of World Sickle Cell Day’ in
Cameroon has shown that little interest have always been placed on the management process of
the SCD, and this can be detrimental towards achieving efficiency in the treatment process. The
key variables that need to be assessed when conducting the study include the income level of the
individuals, social support offered, and the educational background towards realizing
management of the conditions (Fullwiley, 2011). The potential relationship between these

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 9
variables and the subject of study determines the importance of conducting the study in
achieving reputable health outcomes that will aid in improving the health conditions.
Based on the clinical importance that is attributed to the SCD and its management
process, there is need for conducting further studies that will be essential towards implementing
measures that will minimize pain. There are issues that need to be considered prior for the
patients being provided with medical care and the information that is evident can be used
towards achieving integral successes and improving the experience of the individuals in the
industry. It is worth noting that one of the key variables that require to be addressed in the
management process of the SCD patients is the income level, and this has impacted the visits that
are conducted by the SCD patients to these medical institutions. There is need for further
research to assess other variables that can be influential in managing hospital visits of the
population that has reported to have SCD. Although patient management study has been
conducted on various health conditions, there is limited statistical significance that has been
attributed to this study; hence, the need for conducting further research on the topic.
References

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 10
Brown, R. T. (2006). Comprehensive handbook of childhood cancer and sickle cell disease: A
biopsychosocial approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fullwiley, D. (2011). The enculturated gene: Sickle cell health politics and biological difference
in West Africa.
Gupta, R. (2014). Pain management: Essential topics for examinations.
Kindzeka, M. E. (June 2015). ‘Cameroon campaigns against sickle-cell.’ Voice of Africa News.
Retrieved on November 29, 2016 from http://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-campaigns-
against-stickle-cell/2825918.html
Oakes, L. L. (2011). Compact clinical guide to infant and child pain management: An evidence-
based approach for nurses. New York: Springer Pub. Co.
Reddin, C. D., Cerrentano, E., & Tanabe, P. (January 01, 2011). Sickle cell disease management
in the emergency department: what every emergency nurse should know. Journal of
Emergency Nursing: Jen : Official Publication of the Emergency Department Nurses
Association, 37, 4, 341-5.
Stinson, J., & Naser, B. (January 01, 2003). Pain Management in Children with Sickle Cell
Disease. Pediatric Drugs, 5, 4, 229-241.
Stinson, J., & Naser, B. (January 01, 2003). Pain Management in Children with Sickle Cell
Disease. Pediatric Drugs, 5, 4, 229-241.