Data Communications and Networks Assignment

1Summary
Data Communications and Networks
DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
By (student name)
[Class name]
[Lectures’ name]
[University name]
[City and town location of the university]
[Date]

2Summary
Data Communications and Networks
Summary
This report covers the Usoft.com software development company which has various departments
where some had been added of late as result of the company growth and expansion and as a
result the management requires the installation of the network that will cover the entire
companies departments, however currently there is a network that covers few departments but
this proposed network will be installed to offer some services which are not available in the
current network.
The management had therefore decided to install new network that will cover the entire five
departments and ensure the network is more secure, enhances communication, provides wireless
internet access and enable the remote access to the company location through the web services or
cloud computing services.
This report had therefore covered the various steps of implementing the network where the
various departmental subnets are identified and their ip addresses requirements are
computed ,however the company logical network diagram is also drawn where all the
departments and the respective subnets ip addresses are indicated accordingly.
The report had also covered the ip addressing plan where the subnet ip address range is identified
and also the network server ip addresses are also identified and these will be useful guides for
network designing and implementation.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................3
2 Requirement Engineering....................................................................................................................3
2.1 Calculating IP address per department........................................................................................4
2.1.1 Software Development.........................................................................................................4
2.1.2 Solution Design...................................................................................................................5
2.1.3 Customer Support................................................................................................................5
2.1.4 Sales Department.................................................................................................................5
2.1.5 Finance Department.............................................................................................................6
3 Logical design.....................................................................................................................................7
4 IP addressing Plan...............................................................................................................................8

3Summary
Data Communications and Networks
4.1 Subnets IP address scheme..........................................................................................................8
4.2 Network server IP addresses.......................................................................................................8
5 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................9
6 Reference...........................................................................................................................................10
7 Appendix...........................................................................................................................................11
7.1 Glossary.....................................................................................................................................11
1 Introduction
Usoft.com being a software development company currently has expanded its departments but
their local area network lacks some services therefore the management had decided to come up
with a network changes that will cover the entire five company’s departments and enhance the
network security ,better communication ,support wireless internet access and enable the system
to be accessible from any location.
Therefore this report covers the company’s network requirements including calculation of the
number of IP addresses in each departmental subnet, designing the logical network diagrams and
the preparation of the network IP addresses schemes and plan.

4Summary
Data Communications and Networks
2 Requirement Engineering
The usoft.com company has five departments and each department has a specific number of
employees and each employee is assigned a computer and an IP phone, more over each
department has at least one server (Andrew 2015).
The table below summarizes the departments and the respective number of devices required.
Department No. of employees Servers PCS IP phones Routers Switches Total IP addresses
Software Development 102 2 102 102 1 11 207
Solution Design 70 1 70 70 1 7 142
Customer Support 50 1 50 50 1 6 102
Sales 30 1 30 30 1 4 62
Finance 2 2 2 2 1 3 7
Total IP addresses required 520
From the above table the total number of required IP addresses is approximately 520 IP
addresses where allowing 15% network growth the IP addresses will be up to 598 IP addresses
(Behrouz 2016).
The company has the IP address space of 172.16.1XY.0/22 where x and y are represented by 2
therefore the IP address to be used is 172.16.122.0/22 and below is the calculation for the
respective department IP addresses.
2.1 Calculating IP address per department
The IP address 172.16.122.0/22 will be used to create the subnets of the various departments the
total number of IP address in the selected IP address space is given as below:
Total IP address =2k
Where k=32-network mask.
Network mask =22
Therefore k=32-22=10

5Summary
Data Communications and Networks
K=10
Total IP address =210=1024
Therefore this IP address can host up to 1024 hosts (Douglas 2017).
Below is the calculated IP address per department.
2.1.1 Software Development
This department has total of 207 hosts and below is the IP address, subnet masks, broadcast
addresses calculation.
No. of Hosts = 207
2k = (207 + 2).
210 = 1024 > 209
Network-Bits: - 32 – 10= 22.
Network-IP -Address: - 172.16.122.0/22
Broadcast-IP -Address: - 172.16. 122.210
IP address range:-172.16. 122.1-172.16. 122.209
Subnet-Mask =255.255.252.0
2.1.2 Solution Design
This department has total of 142 hosts and below is the IP address, subnet masks, broadcast
addresses calculation.
No. of Hosts = 142
2k = (142 + 2).
210 = 1024 > 144
Network-Bits: - 32 – 10= 22.
Network-IP -Address: - 172.16.122.211/22
Broadcast-IP -Address: - 172.16. 123.98
IP Address Range:-172.16. 122. 212-172.16. 123.97
Subnet-Mask =255.255.252.0

6Summary
Data Communications and Networks
2.1.3 Customer Support
This department has total of 102 hosts and below is the IP address, subnet masks, broadcast
addresses calculation.
No. of Hosts = 102
2k = (102 + 2).
210 = 1024 > 104
Network-Bits: - 32 – 10= 22.
Network-IP -Address: - 172.16. 123.99/22
Broadcast-IP -Address: - 172.16. 123.203
IP Address Range: - 172.16. 123.100-172.16. 123.202
Subnet-Mask =255.255.252.0 (Forouzan 2014).
2.1.4 Sales Department
This department has total of 62 hosts and below is the IP address, subnet masks, broadcast
addresses calculation.
No. of Hosts = 62
2k = (62 + 2).
210 = 1024 > 64
Network-Bits: - 32 – 10= 22.
Network-IP -Address: - 172.16. 123.204/22
Broadcast-IP -Address: - 172.16. 123.14
IP ADDRESS RANGE: - 172.16. 123.205-172.16. 124.13
Subnet-Mask =255.255.252.0
2.1.5 Finance Department
This department has total of 7 hosts and below is the IP address, subnet masks, broadcast
addresses calculation.
No. of Hosts = 7
2k = (7 + 2).
210 = 1024 > 9

7Summary
Data Communications and Networks
Network-Bits: - 32 – 10= 22.
Network-IP -Address: - 172.16. 124.15/22
Broadcast-IP -Address: - 172.16. 123.14
IP Address Range: - 172.16. 124.16-172.16. 124.24
Subnet-Mask =255.255.252.0
3 Logical design
The figure below shows the usoft.com company proposed network diagram where it occupies five floors
building where the network hardware vices which includes the switches and routers location is clearly
indicated.
The network diagram below shows the various subnet addresses and the default gateways as well which
indicates how the various departments are linked. However all the subnet routers are connected to each
other and to the wireless router that is used to supply wireless internet access to the various department’s
staffs (tom 2015).
The network security is also catered for where there is a set network firewall which is used to control any
unauthorized access and malicious attackers not to access the network facilities.

8Summary
Data Communications and Networks
To enable the staffs to work from home or access the files from any place the network is connected to the
cloud services that stores duplicate of the files stored in the company’s servers.
However the network indicates the staff’s computer and an IP phone that is used to enable easy over
network communication and sharing of the resources as well.
4 IP addressing Plan
4.1 Subnets IP address scheme
Below is the table summary of the respective departmental subnet IP addressing scheme.
Subnet name Network address Subnet mask Address IP
address range
Broadcast
address
Default gateway
Software
Development
172.16.122.0/22 255.255.252.
0
172.16.122.1-
172.16.122.209
172.16.122.210 172.16.122.1
Solution Design 172.16.122.211/22 255.255.252.
0
172.16.122.212-
172.16. 123.97
172.16. 123.98 172.16.122.212

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Data Communications and Networks
Customer Support 172.16. 123.99/22 255.255.252.
0
172.16.123.100-
172.16. 123.202
172.16.123.203 172.16. 123.100
Sales 172.16.123.204/22 255.255.252.
0
172.16.123.205-
172.16. 124.13
172.16. 123.14 172.16.123.205
Finance 172.16. 124.15/22 255.255.252.
0
172.16. 124.16-
172.16. 124.24
172.16. 124.24 172.16. 124.16
(William 2014).
4.2 Network server IP addresses
Below is the table of the departmental server’s details including the respective allocated IP
addresses
Subnet name Server number IP address Subnet mask Broadcast address Default gateway
Software Development Server 1 172.16.122.2 255.255.252.0 172.16. 122.210 172.16.122.1
Server 2 172.16.122.3 255.255.252.0 172.16. 122.210 172.16.122.1
Solution Design Server 3 172.16.122.213 255.255.252.0 172.16. 123.98 172.16.122.212
Customer Support Server 4 172.16.123.101 255.255.252.0 172.16.123.203 172.16. 123.100
Sales Server 5 172.16.123.206 255.255.252.0 172.16. 123.14 172.16.123.205
Finance Server 6 172.16. 124.17 255.255.252.0 172.16. 124.24 172.16. 124.16
Server 7 172.16. 124.18 255.255.252.0 172.16. 124.24 172.16. 124.16
5 Conclusion
In this report there are various network aspects that had been highlighted where network utilized
IP address space as 172.16.122.0/22, this is to enable the full accommodation of the network
hosts and allow any future expansion. However the various subnets IP addresses were calculated
and the respective IP addresses and address range was determined for all networks, more over
the network logical diagram has been drawn indicating the infrastructural layout of the proposed
network. Therefore the network implementation will be of great help to the organization since
there will be improved level of communication, the staffs will be able to make calls easily access
the system from anywhere and thus will increase the production level in the company.

10Summary
Data Communications and Networks
6 Reference
Andrew, S. (2015) Computer Networks.2nd edn. New York: Prentice Hall.
Behrouz, A. (2016) Data Communication and Networking. 4th edn.New York: McGraw-Hill
Education.
Douglas, C. (2017) Internetworking with TCP/IP , Volume1.1st edn.California: Addison-Wesley
Professional.
Forouzan, I. (2014) Computer Networks: A Top – Down Approach.5th edn.New York: McGraw-
Hill.

11Summary
Data Communications and Networks
Tom , C.(2015) IP v6 Address Planning: Designing an Address Plan for the Future.3rd edn. San
Francisco: O'Reilly Media.
William, S. (2014) Data and Computer Communication. 2nd edn. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill.
7 Appendix
7.1 Glossary
In this network design report there are various terms that had been used and they had specific
meanings and they include the following.
Requirements: These are some of the minimum functionalities that the network should be able
to perform.
IP address: This is the internet protocol address that is represented in doted number format and
they provide the address to the various network segments and devices.

12Summary
Data Communications and Networks
IP addressing plan: This is the process of assigning the IP addresses to the various network
sections.
Subnets: These are the small segments in which the entire network is divided into and each
segment covers a specific department.
Logical design: This is the diagrammatic representation of the network showing the ip addresses
and the entire network infrastructure components.
Network Server: This is the network device which is a special type of computer that is used to
store network data at a centralized location.