Unpacking the Power of Data Encapsulation

Data encapsulation is a mechanism that hides the implementation details of an object or class from the outside world, allowing for better control over the data and improved security. It involves packaging related data and methods into a single unit, such as a class or interface, which can be reused in multiple contexts.

Data Encapsulation
Nowadays it is a very important concept to hide confidential data from a hacker or such
cyber crimes. Industries are using encapsulation method to control the transmitted data across the
network. Therefore, data Encapsulation is one of the most popular topics in Computer science in
recent years. Everyone can use the implantation details without any side effects. Encapsulated
code gives the power to everyone.
About Data Encapsulation:
Object-Oriented Programming is a model for programming languages where programs
are written by organizing it into objects and data instead of functions. Object-Oriented
Programming has some properties like Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, and
Polymorphism. The mechanism of hiding implemented details, as well as functions, is called
encapsulation.
In the implementation level, the code and data are wrapped up with a single unit. Data
encapsulation is used to set a restricted layer of functions. A user cannot operate the restricted
set. Data is kept inside a class. Each object state and implementation are kept inside any class
privately. Other objects cannot make any change for private methods. Only public methods can
be called by the other classes.
The best example that defines data encapsulation in a proper way is Class. In the class,
the designer determines the mechanism way in which the action performed. The designer should
keep in mind the matter about flexibility or restrictiveness for hiding data. Therefore, the
integrity of data is guaranteed with encapsulation. The private fields as well as the public
behaviour toward class help to achieve the goal.
Example-
public class Student
{
private string studentName;
public string getname()
{
return studentName;

}
public void setname(string inName)
{
studentName = inName;
}
}
public static void main()
{
string sName ="Jack&quot";
Student obj = new Student();
obj.setname(sName);
System.Console.WriteLine("Name :"; + obj.getname());
}
In this example, getname() refers to the method of retrieve and getname() used to set the student
name. User cannot access the studentNmae directly. Hence, one has used it as a private variable
and getname(), setName() in same way. According to this, user is unable to know the
implementation mechanism. Through this context it can be easily noticed the data encapsulation.
Designing Strategies:
Most of the people have a bitter experience of creating private class members. This
situation occurs whenever one requires to expose them. Data encapsulation is a core part of
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). In OOP, data encapsulation is an object design that can be
attributed. It means that the hidden objects are contained with the object’s data. Class members
are restricted to use those data. It is possible to hide of data through data encapsulation. It

includes Objective-C. Therefore, it is very essential to understand the mechanism properly. To
add new strategies in the existing class one has to add functions in it. The added new strategies
will make a category easier for further use. Just like a class description of standard Objective-c, a
category can be identified with uses of syntax, such as,
@interface ClassName (CategoryName)
@end
The parentheses should be mentioned with the category name.
Characteristics of Category:
 Any classes can have a pre-declared category. In this case, it is not mandatory to
implement original source code.
 Original class and its subclasses will be able to use the instances of pre-declared methods.
 The implemented method by the category and the implemented original class does not
have any differences at the runtime.
Methods:
To modify the current object's state it goes through three ways:
 Constructor: constructor methods help to create a new instance of any object. The initial
state of the object can be set with this method. In this context, two important things must
be noted down-
First thing, every object needs not to have a constructor method in JAVA. It uses the default
private values in the absence of this method.
Second thing, there are differences of value in different methods. Those rely on the initial
stage of the object. Therefore, numerous constructor methods can exist there at the same time.
 Accessor: public methods must be created by every private class in order to get back its
value.
 Mutator: whenever it is time to read the private fields instead of writing, creating
mutator is not that important.
Types of Data Encapsulation:

Object-Oriented Programming has three types of encapsulations-
 Member Variable Encapsulation:
According to OOP, all the data members are considered as Private members in the class.
Data member needs to use Setter or Getter functions in order to modify the value. This
mechanism is called Data Member Encapsulation. Setters and Getters of a class can be identified
easily with programming code.
Example-
Class Circle {
Private:
int diameter;
public:
Circle();
~Circle();
void setDiameter(float uValue);
float getDiameter();
};
 Function Encapsulation:
The function that cannot be used by the user is considered as Private. In this context,
internal implementation of API is considered as private by using the functions. From the time,
users started provide data the mechanism is considered as Public. This mechanism helps to
modify the Diameters of a circle. Besides this, the CalculatedCircumference() mechanism would
not be considered as Public. Any hidden function needs not to be Public.

Example-
Class Circle {
Private:
int diameter;
void calculateCircumference();
public:
Circle();
~Circle();
void setDiameter(float uValue);
float getDiameters();
};
 Class Encapsulation:
In this context, case Encapsulation uses the same logic, used an API for internal
implementation. These classes must be a part of the Private interface. They must be hidden for
outsider users.
Example- any API may have a class and have setter a particular gradient colour by using the
circle based on its position. The Gradient class will be encapsulated and consider as Private if
any class does not require the pre-gradient classes.
Encapsulation need to capture object attributes as well as its behavior. It may be kept hidden
or exposed by using access modifiers. To provide the access directly to the certain objects and
the certain behavior, data encapsulation has an great impact. To implement the Data
Encapsulation, it uses a different level of access modifiers. These modifiers indicate the scope as
well as visibility. The access modifiers are five types. Those are mentioned below-
 Public: all the code used in the programming is allowed to access.
 Private: only the members of the same application can use.
 Protected: members of the same application and its derived application can access.
 Internal: the current assembly is allowed access.
 Protected Internal: current assembly along with its derived assembly is allowed to
access.

In JAVA, access modifiers (private, protected, public) are used in classes and interfaces
to complete the encapsulation mechanism. Data encapsulation is also help to hide the
instance variables by an illegal direct access.
Reuse of Models and The Domain Libraries In Data Encapsulation:
Data Encapsulation makes thing simple by reducing complexity. It is very overwhelming
as well as astounding to analyze closely the working way of computer. Billions of operations are
being executed in a vast range by processors. It is tough to doing anything if the simplification
layers are not introduced effectively.
Data encapsulate domains areas have some specific reasons. Those are:
 The first reason, colleagues or the user itself needs to understand the models now or in
future with an easier way.
 The second reason, make reusable models that a developer can use the models in future.
Data encapsulated model needs to be a reuse model in a simple manner.
Each performance requires different types of tasks. Similarities, as well as the differences,
are there in the performed task that leads them to encapsulation. The similar task needs to be
encapsulated. Therefore, a developer needs not to worry about reusing the details. Dissimilar
tasks are not hidden to the developer.
In order to reuse any part of the task i.e. nay process, any presentation, any information
structure may be encapsulated. It is a vital part of the unit model that emphasizes the way for
expanding the capabilities. Thus, the applications become more intelligent in an increasing
manner. One model can be considered as a component that was used as an entire application in
past. Therefore, the developer must build the past task effectively. It will help to achieve the goal
in future. In the term of the domain, it may have different options list to configure it in further
use.
Encapsulation requires more efforts to understand one or more situations and analyze the
patterns of those situations. Therefore, it is a more difficult work to solve them. One can
encapsulate the details and others can reuse that in a specific way. By encapsulated, one can stop
others to repeat their work.
By this encapsulation mechanism, the models can be distributed to others. In several ways,
this distribution can be done.
Unit modelers have several encapsulation layers-

 Operators:
The programming capabilities are encapsulated by the operators. C++ code is mainly
encapsulated for the operators at the time they are active. After enabling the unit modeler it can
hide a huge amount of data and restructure it. These details are used whenever something needs
to be written in programming languages such as C++, JAVA et cetera. The lower level of the
unit model is represented by the operators. A huge part of software technology is covered by the
provided operator set. Some limitations will be there, in the unit modeler's utility, if the
application desires to have the same type of control.
 Reused Processes:
Encapsulation is a process that can be reuse. The developer needs to get knowledge about
the parameters of this mechanism. These parameters can change any situation to another. Details
of several steps, from internal to the encapsulation process, and its complex inherent are hidden
for a developer. Units such as variables and parameters must be analyzed before starting the
encapsulation mechanism. Remain parameters of this mechanism can be exposed as well as
unhidden. Some common tasks are used in all the developed domains.
Example- finding all red-coloured instances. This task is encapsulated. On the other hand, it is
also available in the Development Resource Center according to the assistance.
 Classes:
A single can represent a multitude object. A class is a general form of many instances. They
create a model by collecting the properties of many objects. In this context, all the common
characteristics need to be gathered in a single knowledge structure. Hence, it is clear that
encapsulation is creating a description of one thing by reducing the descriptions of many things.
In order to represent multiple instances, the class may reuse the data. To design a new class, one
must have enough knowledge about the common characteristics of those instances. Through this
way, one can easily turn the complex situation into a simple situation.
 Objects:
At the time of representing a list, the object may be encapsulated. One can easily remember
or identify the items through this list.
 Groups:
Aggregations of the groups are done by the groups. The knowledge of a group can use in a
vast range that can go on endlessly. Thus, the models are getting smarter as well as easier day-
by-day. It needs not to create by scratching something. It can be easily made by assembled.
 Information Unit:

The information unit is referred to as the overall knowledge of encapsulation.
Advantages:
Data Encapsulation helps to separate the irrelevant functions by making flexible code. One
can easily change the code to maintain. It serves with better control of the data. It makes the way
easier to achieving low coupling. Data encapsulation has a number of advantages-
 Security:
The main focus of data encapsulation is to keep data safe and hidden from the outside
public. Through this mechanism, the role of objects gets more defined and clear perspective. In
this context, it is clear that data encapsulation is a contract based on two objects. Therefore, the
invoker object must agree to send a message in a proper format to process the message in the
pre-specified format by the invoked object. Thus, accidental corruption gets prevented.
 Flexibility:
Sometimes, the format of data protection needs to be changed for some reasons. If the new
requirements occur, the encapsulated code can easily change as the mechanism is very flexible.
User can restrict the permission for any variable or method using the encapsulation. If only read
permission is given to any user, the user can only read the data. User cannot modify the values.
Example-
public class Student
{
private string studentName;
public string getname()
{
return student name;
}
}

In the example only read permission is given. So user can get only student name, can't modify it.
 Reusability:
If the other objects need to operate the same type of applications, the pre-encapsulated code
can be used in multiple times. Public services in the updated software make easy to understand
the pre-encapsulated code and use it again to develop the software.
Example- the personage can be used repeatedly whenever it is required using in the same type of
object.
 Maintenance:
Data Encapsulation uses separate units, i.e. interfaces, classes, mechanism, setters et cetera.
Therefore, the user can easily update any single part of the application. It does not affect other
parts. Besides this, maintaining the time of the application will get reduce. Hence, it can be said
that data encapsulation promotes maintenance as the code changes happen independently.
 Control Over The Data:
It provides the power to control the data.
Example- if a user needs to set the id-value, greater than 100, he/she can easily update the setter
mechanism by witting over the logic. This logic cannot be stored in negative numbers.
 Easy to Test:
Testing the encapsulated data is very easy. Therefore, it is a great process for testing the
unit.
 The Independence of Each Object:
by using public method one can easily change the method of objects. It need not to
break the code that is pre-setted. The code considered the object as a “Black-Box”.
Drawbacks:
 The overhead tunnelling and consumes router resources.
 Security risks occur sometimes due to some tunnelling method.
 Several link failures as the tunnel interface are always sup.
 Data encapsulation is highly dependent on the matter of maintaining the standard
readability.

Why In Corporate Sectors:
Corporate sectors are built up including different sections such as the finance sector, sales
sector and the accounting sector. All the financial transactions, as well as the financial data
related records, get handled by the finance sector. In the same way, activities and records related
to sales department get handled by the sales sector. Sometimes, the situation may occur that the
company has to show the all official sales report to the finance sector within a limited period of
time. The company is not allowed to directly access the sales section at this period of time. In the
beginning, the company has to meet with sales officers and request them to provide the relative
data. This is how the Data Encapsulation is used in corporate sectors.