Data Modeling and Database Design

This study material covers the concepts of data modeling and database design. It includes topics such as automated traffic management, refuelling, security issues, and logic diagrams. Suitable for students studying data management and database design.

10DATA MODELING AND DATABASE DESIGN
Data Modeling and Database Design
Name of Student-
Name of University-
Author’s Note-

1DATA MODELING AND DATABASE DESIGN
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Automated Traffic Management Scope...........................................................................................2
Several traffic lane...........................................................................................................................5
Refuelling........................................................................................................................................6
Security issues and logic diagram....................................................................................................8
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
The traffic management is one of the most challenging issues of transportations system to
keep traffic safety as well as decrease the congestion of the traffic (Campos et al., 2017).
Obstruction of traffic is often considered as a contributing reason for causing accidents as well as
a significant impact on the economy of the country.
Automated Traffic Management Scope
Automatic Traffic Management (ATM) is based on the autonomous vehicles that are
based on the powerful agents, which are capable in cooperating between themselves in managing
the traffic in a secure way (Levin & Boyles, 2016). There is high Accuracy GPS (Global
Positioning System) device on the cars that helps to navigate through the roads by a road map
that is accessed by the vehicles. The smart cars can help in having more sophisticated and
intelligent based traffic information that is based on the vehicle-to-vehicle (Victor et al., 2017).
The benefits that will be gained as per the projection of the autonomous are a green
machine, safer streets, saving time, tailoring traffic and saving space.
The proposing of the autonomous vehicles offers the fact that proper management of the
driverless car will be benefitting the processing of optimisation of the processing of the fuel
consumption. This ensures the fact that the fuel that is consumed in the driverless vehicles are
comparatively lower than that of the other cars that are present in today’s society (Chen et al.,
2017). It is expected that the emission of effluents will reduce by 60% after the acceptance of the
driverless cars have been high. This is an important reason that the focus of the processing of the
data management section will be benefitted as per the processing of the automated system
(Weiskircher, Wang & Ayalew 2017).

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With the implementation of the autonomous cars, the central aspect that is taken into
consideration is mitigation of the process of the management of the section of the commencing
of the safer communication can be achieved. This more reliable communication insists on the
fact that accidents can be prevented. This prevention of accidents will ensure the fact that the
management of the traffic will get easier for the local road traffic authority (Maurer et al., 2017).
This is the main reason that the acceptance of autonomous processing has been increasing. This
increase in the processing of the lack of accidents ensures a higher acceptance rate.
Tailoring of traffic is an significant aspects that has been benefitting the processing of the
data management system. This is the main thing that over 7 billion hours are spent in traffic. This
is a significant aspects that proper management of traffic will be performed in a manner that will
induce better processing of autonomous vehicles. Effluents can be saved, and hence the main
advantage that is received include the fact that fossil fuels can be preserved. It is also estimated
that $ 160 billion is wasted in the effluents in the processing of the traffic management system
(Fagnant & Kockelman 2015). The autonomous cars are capable enough to track the data and
hence the road that is to be taken for a better communication process will be enhanced. This
determination of the shortest and the efficient route that will improve the understanding of the
calculated and hence the time taken will be significantly low. This also ensures that the
processing of fuel consumption will also reduce. Increases the sustainability of the process and
scope of increasing the acceptance of the technology has been getting higher. The testing and
processing of the license provisioning will get better. This bettering of the provisioning will
enhance the fact that proper understanding of the data set will be received and the licensing
process will get enhanced (Levin & Boyles 2016). This has been the main reason that the local

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road authority will be present and this is the main reason that proper processing of the data
centre.
Space saving is one of the central aspects that will enhance the processing of the autonomous car
processing. Parking is the significant benefits that are received as per the management of the
travelling process. With the help of this process, authority of the road tracking gets better This is
one of the main reason that the vehicles that are benefitted with autonomous cars. This ensures
that managing of the autonomous vehicles will get processed and hence monitoring process gets
easier (de Campos et al., 2018). This is the main reason that acceptance of autonomous cars has
been getting higher daily.
The disadvantages that are present in the usage of the autonomous car are as follows: -
In the case of having a technical glitch, the central aspect that will be taken into
consideration is rising of technical glitch that will lead to proper data management system
(Talebpour & Mahmassani 2016). This focus is needed to be taken for the commencing of the
traffic management process. In case there is a technical glitch in the system, the main issue that
will arise is that accident rates might be increasing. This increase in the price of the accident will
be creating a problem for the local road traffic authority (Cui et al., 2017).
Another issue that autonomous cars face is that they are not very efficient in the processing of
tracking of the traffic. This increase in processing of monitoring of the crowd will be a hectic
issue as per the commencing of managing the rate of collision of the local road traffic authority.
Assumptions
The assumptions that are to be made are as follows: -

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• Few important traffic rules are needed to be instilled in the database of the automated car.
This insists the fact that proper management of the data processing can be performed during the
time of decision-making (Best, Barber & Manocha 2017).
• Adequate testing of the sensors must be completed before starting of every journey.
• According to me, proper testing of the power storage must be performed. This is a significant
aspects that is needed to be considered for bettering of the journey completion. In case the
journey is distorted in between the journey process, the local traffic authority will be responsible
for adequately commencing the trip.
Several traffic lane
In case there are several traffic lane the main concern that is present includes proper
decision making which will be an issue for the drivers (Hult et al., 2017). The autonomous car
takes the decision. This is one of the significant aspects that decide the path that will be selected
by the autonomous vehicle. The shortest route that can be taken is considered. This imbibes the
fact that processing of the data management section will be performed as per the algorithm that is
running in the autonomous cars. The process starts with the diversification in the processor. The
diversification is made as per the Sensors input. The verification process is subdivided into many
parts. The parts are namely perception and end to end planning. Again, understanding is divided
into two parts. The pieces are a namely behavioural layer, monitoring layer and feedback layer.
These steps are taken as per the first stage of perception. The second stage of the perception
stage is concerned with the processing of the Interactive behaviour aware planning (Mersky &
Samaras 2016). Feedback control is the process that is to be performed as per the management of
the section. The output of the three stages is sent as a control output. All the three steps act

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primarily in the processing of the verification and decision-making. This is an important aspect
that proper functioning of autonomous cars can be relied on.
A combination of sensors, radar and light detection is provided as per the processing of the
decision-making. This has been an important aspects that proper understanding of the road that is
to be taken is clear enough (Friedrich 2016). Usage of LIDAR devices has been acting important
in this system, that provides bettering of the decision making the process. City-specific
information is one of the vital elements that is stored in the database of autonomous cars. The
condition of the roads that are among the choice list is present in the database of the autonomous
vehicle. This is has been an important reason that proper decision-making can be facilitated.
With the help of the GPS, it gets more comfortable for the autonomous car to get their
decisions correct. With the help of the GPS. Real time tracking of data can be performed in a
better manner. Hence, decision-making gets easier for the automated car. This ensures the fact
that that the roads that will be chosen will be beneficial and therefore proper decision-making
will be made. With the help of the GPS population can be detected (Oyler et al., 2016). This
detection of the community of the road will enhance the fact that proper management road
selection can be made.
The consequence will be favourable, as the data set that is to be received by the GPS will
be benefitting the functioning process of the decision making the process. This decision making
process ensures that the road that will be taken will be having a positive impact on selecting the
way that will be providing higher efficiency.
Refuelling

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In the coming year, the autonomous vehicle will run on the roads smoothly and flexible.
This particular technology will bring a considerable number of changes shortly more specifically
the way by which people live and work. The overall procedure and system of autonomous
vehicle recharging and its refilling has been disclosed completely (Tettamanti, Varga & Szalay
2016). Currently, an autonomous vehicle is automatically refilled by routing the given vehicle at
the given fuelling station when not in operation. In the given scenario, the fuel level in the tank
of the autonomous vehicle can be monitored until and unless it reaches the value of threshold
(Levin & Boyles 2016). It is from the point from which the on-board system can quickly
generate the benefits by making use of user profile for the given autonomous vehicle. Depending
on the predicted value of the user profile, both the aspects that are time and location for the car
can be easily analysed. In some of the given scenario, the vehicle can be easily controlled in an
automatic way, which is needed for refuelling at the given station.
The autonomous vehicle can easily result in more number of electronic components in
comparison to regular cars. Beyond this car, various kind of autonomous vehicle that is alarm
and radio (Le Vine, Zolfaghari & Polak 2015). AV comes up with a navigation system, which is
needed for detection and ranging of equipment. Due to the massive consumption of power,
batteries tend to be drained up much faster than the regular face. Cells are needed to be designed
so that they can last for a more extended period. It is primarily done so that more power can be
received as output, which is needed for demanding energy.
In both hybrid and electric-vehicle, the battery management system is considered very
much important factor of design (Wagner 2016). By the help of final design of battery activity,
BMS can quickly improve the overall output of the energy, lifeline and its safety. The modelling

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of lithium battery is mainly done under the given isothermal condition that helps in analysing a
certain number of factors of BMS design,
The vehicle tends to operate under the give specific driving life cycle where the variation
of temperature can be taken into account. Drive cycle can tell BMS about the SOC of the battery.
It will ultimately affect the fact of whether the battery is empty and full nature. Engineers can
stimulate the overall drive lifecycle for the lithium battery, which is needed for predicting the
overall performance. It is all about analysing a certain number of parameter, which is very much
tough to measure.
Read capability is mainly needed for analysing whether the battery is designed for more
accurately due to its primary purpose. At present, there is mostly two kinds of option available
like energy optimization and optimization of power. Energy optimization batteries come up with
the massive amount of capacity or even energy supply, which is there for low current loads. This
particular aspect makes a better choice that is available in nature of portable devices for the given
hybrid and electric vehicle power optimization of batteries which is a much better option.
Security issues and logic diagram
Many security issues are present in the processing of automatic cars. The main security
issue that is present in the processing of automated vehicles includes the usage of cloud-based
platforms. This usage of cloud-based platforms consists of the fact that proper management of
the data will not be performed. The imposters can breach the data that are stored in the database
of the automated cars. This processing of data breaching has been one of the main reason that the
functional process of automatic vehicles is not much robust. With the cloud-computing database,
tracking of the vehicle as per the data that are generated can be done. This is one of the main

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reason I feel that the entire process lacks robustness and is the major aspect that proper
management of the data will not be performed. This ensures the fact that appropriate control of
the data processing was not performed.
Usage of multiple coding languages will ensure the processing of the data combination as proper
management of the data set will be performed unusually. This leads to the fact that appropriate
management of the data section is not shown. The codes that are written are not presented, as the
platform does not support the processing of the data management system. Penetration of data has
been important in reducing the security of the infrastructure. This has been the significant reason
that processing of the code running gets affected.
Combining technology and resources has also been a significant aspect that affects the
functioning and security of the automated car system. This ensures the fact that proper
elementary analysis of the data cannot be performed. Hence, robustness of the entire order will
be hampered. This is the main reason that the management of the project gets affected due to
lack of integration between the platforms of technology and resource. Hence, improper
management of the project concerns the functional process of the data management system.

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Figure 1: Logical design of the automated car
(Created by author)

From the above diagram, it can be stated that the processing of the logical description of
the motorized vehicle can be segmented in eight subheadings. The headings include User, Login,
Roles, Permission, Traffic police, length, traffic and routes. This two sections of ‘Has’ are
interconnected with the help of the Management Entity. Under the subheading of the user, five
subheadings are related to the processing of segmentation of user keys. Both primary and
secondary keys are used in this schema. Under the subheading of login, four cores are present.
login_id is considered as the primary key, and others are secondary keys. The Role is also
subdivided in 3 headings, namely role_id being the primary key and others are the secondary
key. The routes have five cores, #rut_id being the primary key and others being secondary key.
Traffic is also subdivided into parts, #traffic_id being the primary key. Length also has three
keys, #len_id being the primary key. Traffic police have 6 cores, #tp_id being the primary key.
Conclusion
For reducing the rate of congestion, road signs are used to manage the traffic and traffic
lights controller systems are used in the infrastructure of traffic management (Wagner, 2016).
However, the traditional method of traffic management is not efficient enough with the
increasing number of vehicles on the road and thus resulting in increasing the rate of congestion.
The Road Traffic Authority plays a vital role in managing traffic with the use of new
technologies that include autonomous vehicles

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