Decision Making: Choices, Values, Frames, Human Error, Image Theory & Society

This article discusses the perspectives of the psychophysical determinants of choice, human errors, image theory, and technological advancements in society. It includes examples of work experience related to each topic.

Running head: DECISION MAKING
DECISION MAKING
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Abstract for “Choices, values, and frames”
The article “Choices, values, and frames” by Kahneman and Tversky (1984) discusses
on the perspectives of the psychophysical determinants of the choice in the contexts of the
uncertainties. The major aspects of the change in the organizational structure are based on the
understanding of decision values that are created through the understanding of the situations that
are faced by the organization. The choices that are made by the people in the organization are
based on their psychophysical abilities of determining the uncertainties that are associated with
the change in the systems and the functioning of the organization. The understanding of the sure
or the improbable events helped in determining the change in the structure of the organization
in the market.
The determination of stress and the manner in which it can be mitigated is based on the
understanding of the determinants of the psychophysical attributes. It has helped in bringing in
the change in the personal behavior of the people, which is aimed at understanding the different
aspects of the change in the structure and the functioning of the business in the market. The
induction of the sure things is based on the understanding of the different factors and the
circumstances that are faced by the organization while undertaking the change. On the other
hand, the different perceptions through which a problem can be resolved has helped in the
understanding the importance of teamwork to achieve the common objective of the organization.
The cognitive abilities of the personnel and the different strategies that are undertaken by the
same helps in determining the change in the structure and the functioning of the business in the
market. The differences between the decision values and the experience values help in
determining the major elements of the change that is planned by the organization. It helps in

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facilitating the proper decision-making and the judgment that is planned by the organization in
the market.
Examples of its relation with the work experience
The proper understanding of the situation is based on the risk assessment and the
management of the same in the functioning as per the job role. The different attributes help by
the job role is based on the responsibilities of the same while determining the change in the
situations of the organization in the market. The job role that is being considered in this scenario
is that of the engineer who makes all amendments to seek out the defects in the planning and the
development process of software. It helps ion determining the risks that the project might face
while undertaking the change. While undertaking the operation of the development of the
software the engineer has taken steps to determine the risks that are related to the functioning of
the systems as per the requirements of the product.

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Abstract for “Human error”
The book “Human Error” by Reason (1990) has facilitated the understanding of the
different errors that are experienced through the inefficient functioning of the humans in the
organizations. The major aspects of the change in the structure and the functioning of the
business are characterized by the different factors of the errors and the manner in which it results
to the different uncertainties. The determination of the different errors that might be faced while
undertaking the change and the manner in which the change can be facilitated in order to avoid
the errors is the basis of the book by Reason (1990). The study of the stereotypes of the human
behaviors helps the organization and the people to determine the different aspects of the change
in the structure and the functioning. The book examines the nature and the types of errors that
are committed by the humans. It will be helping the reader in understanding the different
prospects that affects the functioning of the organization in the market. The major aspects of the
change are based on the understanding of the different aspects of the change in the structure and
the functioning of the organization in the market. The determination of the human centric errors
helps in avoiding the different situations based on the situations. The book also enumerates the
manner in which the determination of the errors is characterized by the understanding of the
motif and the consequences of the error. The major aspects of the change are based on the
identification of the potential loopholes that affects the functioning of the organization in the
market. The major aspects of the change in the structure and the functioning of the organization
are based on the understanding of the errors that are committed by the workforce while making
the functions.

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Examples of its relation with the work experience
The example of such an undertaking can be cited from an industry where I have worked.
The organization has failed to understand the uncertainties while implementing the change on a
new range of products based on the demand of the market. The company failed to analyze the
proper positioning of the product, which affected the functioning of the organization in the
market. In order to understand the different aspects of the change in the market the company
should have taken a detailed review of the processes, which was not undertaken by the
organization which affected the functioning of the organization in the market. On the other hand,
it affected the moral of the employees that resulted to a loss of productivity in the business. The
human centric team bonding and the goal oriented functioning seemed to lag and that resulted to
the malfunction of the systems that are undertaken by the organization as per the needs of the
customers in the market.

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Abstract for “Image theory: Personal and organizational decisions”
The article “Image theory: Personal and organizational decisions” by Beach (1993) has
helped in the understanding of the different decision making models that are being used by the
organization in order to determine the sustenance of the image of the organization. The smooth
functioning of the organization helps the same in determining the image of the same in the
market. Therefore, the proper understanding of the functioning methodology helps in
determining the image of the organization in the market. on the other hand the proper functioning
of the organization is based on the effectiveness of the decision that are taken by the same. It
helps the organization in making its progress in the highly competitive market. The major
aspects of the change in the systems and the functioning of the business help in determining the
progress of the organization. The collaboration that is being undertaken by the employees with
the managements of the organization helps in determining the progress of the organization
therefore, the decisions must be favorable for the employees to being in the change in the
structure and the functioning of the business. Therefore, the author of the article stated that the
proper functioning of the organization helps in maintaining the image of the same in the market.
Examples of its relation with the work experience
A practical example that can be cited from my life is based on the organization where I
work as an engineer. The organization undertook different decisions for the smooth functioning
of the processes in the market. On the other hand, it has also facilitated the concerns for the
employees growth in their respective careers. It has helped the organization in maintaining the
balance in the employee and management relations, which has helped the same in bringing in
improvements in the systems and the situation of the same in the market. the major changes that

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are undertaken by the organization is based on the improvements in the system and the
functioning of the organization which is based on the comparative growth of the employees
through the delivery of the ranks based on their expertise and the enhanced pay scale. It has
helped the organization to grow in the markets.

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Abstract for “Society in the making: the study of technology as a tool for sociological
analysis”
The technological advancements have helped in the development of the industrial sectors
and the society at large. The understanding of the change in the society is facilitated through the
functioning of the organization in the markets. The technology has helped a lot in constructing
the value and reconstructing the same based on the change in the preference and the demand of
the customers in the market. It has helped in determining the change in the structure and the
functioning of the businesses in the market. The article “Society in the making: the study of
technology as a tool for sociological analysis” by Callon (1987) has helped in the understanding
of the different aspects of the change that is brought about in the society and the firms through
the implementation of the technological aspects of the change in the market. The different
aspects of employability and the decision making of the organizations has helped ion
determining the societal change. the different themes of the change is being discussed as a part of
the article which provides a clear image of the innovation and the technological advancement
that is undertaken by the organization. Therefore, the article provides a clear image of the
implication of the change in the structure and the functioning of the society through the
determination of the different aspects of the technological innovations.
Examples of its relation with the work experience
The example of such a reconstruction can be cited from my industry where the
technological support has helped the organization to grow in both perspectives- internally and
externally. It has helped the organization to undertake more recruitment, which has enhanced the
functioning of the organization and thereby brought about progress of the same in the market. On

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the other hand, the recruitments that were undertaken by the company has helped in determining
the up gradation of the lifestyle of the people living in the region. it has certainly brought about
a positive change in the society through the technological advancements and the recruitments
that it created through its growth and smooth functioning.

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References
Beach, L.R., 1993. Image theory: Personal and organizational decisions. Decision making in
action: Models and methods, pp.148-157.
Callon, M., 1987. Society in the making: the study of technology as a tool for sociological
analysis. The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and
history of technology, pp.83-103.
Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A. (1984), ‘Choices, values, and frames’, American Psychologist,
39(4).
Reason, J., 1990. Human error. Cambridge university press.