Leadership and Management Research Paper 2022

Running head: LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Name of the student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT1
An introduction to the organisation and management structure:
The aim of this paper is to discuss the management and leadership process of Apple Inc.
Apple was established by Steve Wozniak and Steve jobs along with Ronald Wayne. In 1976
Apple I was first launched. This company was transformed in Apple computer incorporation in
1977. Over the next few tickets apple had shifted from hardware production to software and now
it has managed to employ its skills in iCloud also. Apple Inc. is the American technology
company that operates in different parts of the world. the corporation has its headquarter in
California. this is the company which operates in designing developing and selling the consumer
electronics and computer software. this particular company also provides online services and
considered to be e one of the four most important technological companies like Google,
Microsoft and Amazon.
Apple incorporation is mainly famous for its hardware products only the iPhone and smartphone.
including it they are iPad tablet and Mac computers iPod portable players and Apple
Smartwatch. this has also included the Apple TV which has digital media player. In addition to
this the company also produces air pods which is wireless here but along with home pot that is a
smart speaker. Along with hardware the software corner also is strong of Apple Inc. that include
is, MacOS, watchOS, ipad OS, tvOS and many others. In addition to this iLife, iWork, iTunes,
Safari, Final Cut Pro, logic Pro, X code are also some of the important products by this company.
Structure:
The organisational structure of Apple contributes to Rapid and effective innovation
process that can contribute in critical success factor of the business. This company has a
hierarchical organisational structure in which the Divisional features are present. This is a

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT2
product based grouping in which different managers from different departments and divisions
work together the company has a weak functional Matrix that involves and interdivisional
collaboration and reserve hierarchy. It is the spoke and wheel hierarchy where the CEO of Apple
Steve Jobs had made all the strategic management decisions. he is the centre of the whale and
regulate the operations of every division. under the leadership of Tim Cook recently the
hierarchy has changed slightly. now this company has become more collaborative in terms of
matching and communicating among the managers of different departments1. the Vice Presidents
have more autonomy in this company e that are limited to their skills. the upper tier of
Management has a function based grouping that is an element received from the functional types
of the organisational structure the Vice Presidents and senior Vice Presidents report to the CEO
of the company to handle business functions. these Vice Presidents have managers under them
who connect the ground level Employees with the higher management.
Definition and roles of both managers and leaders, highlighting the differences between
management and leadership:
It is often question that the responsibility of the managers and the leaders are not similar. the
leaders are responsible for planning and organising things but the managers take care of
coordination among all the department and keeping the human resource motivated. the leaders
1 Hamilton, Clovia. "Q&A: Does Machiavelli's the Prince Have Relevant Lessons for Modern High-Tech
Managers and Leaders?." Hamilton, C.(2017).“Q&A. Does Machiavelli’s The Prince have relevant lessons
for Modern High Tech Managers and Leaders (2017): 40-47. Retrieved from
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3072856

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are responsible to develop vision and set the rules so that the strategies of the companies can be
developed by the managers. The leaders are more inspirational and through their communication
skill and decision making styles motivate the subordinates. they are the decision makers in the
organisations who set rules and goals of the organisations. the managers on the other hand
implement those policies and plan how they can help or guide the workforce and other
stakeholders to achieve those goals and mitigate any type of issues in the organisation. The
leaders are decision makers but they also take risks in many situations which the managers
cannot do. leaders are independent but responsible to meet the requirements and Expectations of
the subordinates. The managers execute the vision seen by the leaders2. they take the strategic
vision seriously and break them down into roadmaps so that the team members can follow this
path. the managers have the ability to direct and review the resources required stuff there is
stablished the work rules and Standards so that the organisational culture can be developed and
implemented properly. the employees welfare system is also in the responsibility area of the
managers which make them to look after people and their needs by listening to them properly3. it
is not possible for the ground level employees to reach to the leaders every time because the
middle managers are responsible to mitigate any problems as early as possible. The leaders have
their ability to challenge and think out of the box so that the innovation can be implemented in
their organisation on the other hand the managers cannot take independent decision but wait for
the final decision of the leaders.
2 Wester, Anne. "The Big Apple: The Narrative Potential of Utopianism in Apple Inc. Advertisements." (2018).
Retrieved from https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/handle/123456789/6472
3 Wang, Boyu. "After the European Commission Ordered Apple to Pay Back Taxes to Ireland: Ireland's Future in
the New Global Tax Environment." Ind. J. Global Legal Stud. 25 (2018): 539. Retrieved from
https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ijgls25&div=25&id=&page=