Deliberate ethical, legal and professional issues when caring for a person living with a chronic condition and disability
Added on 2022-11-25
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Q1.
According to Wilson et al. (2019), WHO defines intellectual disability as a
markedly diminished capacity to comprehend new or complex details and to acquire and
apply additional knowledge (impaired intelligence), which results in a diminished capacity to
figure out how to deal with one's own (inadequate cognitive functioning), and which
manifests before adulthood with a long-lasting impact on development. Disability is not
defined by a person's degree of ability, but rather by the amount to which socially built
obstacles that restrict a person's daily activities or environmental characteristics hinder that
person's involvement and participation in society (Moloney, Hennessy & Doody, 2021).
These obstacles are clear within the healthcare system, and some healthcare personnel lack
the specialised training, expertise, and education necessary to offer persons with intellectual
impairments a person-centred service. Life for Maureen McIlquham has come to a complete
halt. Her daughter Michelle's death haunts her, and the knowledge that she may still be alive
torments her. Despite having a slight intellectual impairment, Michelle was unhindered. As
previously mentioned, Michelle's behaviour changed in May 2009, when the neighbourhood
doctor arrived. Michelle suffered a seizure and was sent to Bankstown Hospital after the
doctor just diagnosed her with an ear infection and gave them medications. The health
requirements of individuals with intellectual impairments and service availability are
separated by such a deficit. It is recommended that appropriate modifications be made to
clinical policies and procedures to remedy these deficiencies and guarantee that individuals
with intellectual impairments and other oppressed minorities are treated fairly concerning
healthcare access and delivery (Alexander et al., 2020). To alleviate the healthcare disparities
that people encounter, reasonable improvements can be made at the organisational, systemic,
or individual levels. As observed in the case study, by midnight, Michelle was sitting on the
floor, crying, clutching her ears, and rocking back and forth. She was distressed and in agony.
According to Wilson et al. (2019), WHO defines intellectual disability as a
markedly diminished capacity to comprehend new or complex details and to acquire and
apply additional knowledge (impaired intelligence), which results in a diminished capacity to
figure out how to deal with one's own (inadequate cognitive functioning), and which
manifests before adulthood with a long-lasting impact on development. Disability is not
defined by a person's degree of ability, but rather by the amount to which socially built
obstacles that restrict a person's daily activities or environmental characteristics hinder that
person's involvement and participation in society (Moloney, Hennessy & Doody, 2021).
These obstacles are clear within the healthcare system, and some healthcare personnel lack
the specialised training, expertise, and education necessary to offer persons with intellectual
impairments a person-centred service. Life for Maureen McIlquham has come to a complete
halt. Her daughter Michelle's death haunts her, and the knowledge that she may still be alive
torments her. Despite having a slight intellectual impairment, Michelle was unhindered. As
previously mentioned, Michelle's behaviour changed in May 2009, when the neighbourhood
doctor arrived. Michelle suffered a seizure and was sent to Bankstown Hospital after the
doctor just diagnosed her with an ear infection and gave them medications. The health
requirements of individuals with intellectual impairments and service availability are
separated by such a deficit. It is recommended that appropriate modifications be made to
clinical policies and procedures to remedy these deficiencies and guarantee that individuals
with intellectual impairments and other oppressed minorities are treated fairly concerning
healthcare access and delivery (Alexander et al., 2020). To alleviate the healthcare disparities
that people encounter, reasonable improvements can be made at the organisational, systemic,
or individual levels. As observed in the case study, by midnight, Michelle was sitting on the
floor, crying, clutching her ears, and rocking back and forth. She was distressed and in agony.
Michelle's headache had become worse, and she was unable to speak. Just after three in the
morning, Michelle was released, and her discharge notice noted that she wasn't ill and that
she had a temper tantrum. The entire story explains why Michelle and her mother were
treated unfairly, especially considering that she was disabled. In addition, the hospital had
contacted security when Maureen refused to go, so they were sent home in a cab.
Individually, persons with intellectual disabilities have worse health, more complicated
requirements, more comorbid conditions, appear for treatment more frequently, use more
medications, and die earlier than those without intellectual disabilities (Heslop et al., 2019).
Because health service providers are frequently ill-prepared and under-equipped to serve
persons with developmental disabilities, people who are intellectually disabled face larger
health inequities at the organisational and system levels, leading to unmet health needs. The
experience of health prejudice is also influenced by the ignorance and stereotype-based
sentiments of healthcare providers. Michelle McIlquham, 28, was hardly able to walk when
they got there and hours later, she passed out at home. She had died from meningitis,
according to the autopsy. Even though it seems inconceivable in the twenty-first century, it
tragically still occurs, and it is heartbreaking to hear the accounts of human misery that could
have been prevented. The coroner discovered that rather than a serious disease, the medical
personnel had blamed part of her behaviour on her intellectual handicap. There will be
fatalities from possibly preventable causes even in healthcare systems of the greatest calibre.
However, the proportion of fatalities from possibly preventable causes was more than double
what was observed in the overall population in this case. As a result, this is a very important
indicator of serious health inequality. Despite worldwide norms, research projects' normal
data collecting and analysis typically exclude persons with intellectual disabilities (Heslop et
al., 2019). Any modern medical system must work to eliminate these disparities, and the
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) mandates
morning, Michelle was released, and her discharge notice noted that she wasn't ill and that
she had a temper tantrum. The entire story explains why Michelle and her mother were
treated unfairly, especially considering that she was disabled. In addition, the hospital had
contacted security when Maureen refused to go, so they were sent home in a cab.
Individually, persons with intellectual disabilities have worse health, more complicated
requirements, more comorbid conditions, appear for treatment more frequently, use more
medications, and die earlier than those without intellectual disabilities (Heslop et al., 2019).
Because health service providers are frequently ill-prepared and under-equipped to serve
persons with developmental disabilities, people who are intellectually disabled face larger
health inequities at the organisational and system levels, leading to unmet health needs. The
experience of health prejudice is also influenced by the ignorance and stereotype-based
sentiments of healthcare providers. Michelle McIlquham, 28, was hardly able to walk when
they got there and hours later, she passed out at home. She had died from meningitis,
according to the autopsy. Even though it seems inconceivable in the twenty-first century, it
tragically still occurs, and it is heartbreaking to hear the accounts of human misery that could
have been prevented. The coroner discovered that rather than a serious disease, the medical
personnel had blamed part of her behaviour on her intellectual handicap. There will be
fatalities from possibly preventable causes even in healthcare systems of the greatest calibre.
However, the proportion of fatalities from possibly preventable causes was more than double
what was observed in the overall population in this case. As a result, this is a very important
indicator of serious health inequality. Despite worldwide norms, research projects' normal
data collecting and analysis typically exclude persons with intellectual disabilities (Heslop et
al., 2019). Any modern medical system must work to eliminate these disparities, and the
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) mandates
that nations and state parties acknowledge that individuals with intellectual and physical
handicaps to the highest standards possible of well-being without discrimination (Szmukler,
2019). All government services, particularly healthcare settings, are required under the UN
convention and national equality or accessibility acts to offer reasonable accommodations to
ensure that individuals with intellectual impairments are not disadvantaged.
Q2.
In recent years, concerns about patient safety have grown as more persons with
intellectual impairments use healthcare services. Patient safety is the avoidance of mistakes
and adverse consequences for patients related to medical care (Lewis, Gaffney & Wilson,
2017). Any healthcare-related occurrence that was unintentional, unanticipated, and
unwanted and that may have caused harm to people is referred to as a medical evaluation.
Examples include getting an illness that was contracted while in the hospital, getting the
incorrect drug (or the incorrect dosage), or falling while undergoing treatment at the hospital.
Concerning the case study, the consequence on Michelle, which ultimately led to her
untimely death, is one factor to take into account when analysing patient safety occurrences.
Another factor to take into account is the possibility that a similar incident will occur again.
Adverse occurrences are episodes that cause injury (O'Leary, Cooper, & Hughes-
McCormack, 2018). Responded to the questionnaire who said they make modifications while
caring for persons with intellectual impairment and/or autism, there was a comparatively low
level of acquaintance with the notion of acceptable adjustments (Wilson et al., 2022).
Increased awareness and execution of appropriate changes were related to increased
confidence, comfort, and expertise when caregiving for this population. Wilson et al.,
(2022) further suggest that there should be more nursing curricula relevant to the care of
persons with intellectual disabilities and/or autism. A subset of preventable medical errors
referred to as "never events," are perhaps the most serious, mostly avoidable patient safety
handicaps to the highest standards possible of well-being without discrimination (Szmukler,
2019). All government services, particularly healthcare settings, are required under the UN
convention and national equality or accessibility acts to offer reasonable accommodations to
ensure that individuals with intellectual impairments are not disadvantaged.
Q2.
In recent years, concerns about patient safety have grown as more persons with
intellectual impairments use healthcare services. Patient safety is the avoidance of mistakes
and adverse consequences for patients related to medical care (Lewis, Gaffney & Wilson,
2017). Any healthcare-related occurrence that was unintentional, unanticipated, and
unwanted and that may have caused harm to people is referred to as a medical evaluation.
Examples include getting an illness that was contracted while in the hospital, getting the
incorrect drug (or the incorrect dosage), or falling while undergoing treatment at the hospital.
Concerning the case study, the consequence on Michelle, which ultimately led to her
untimely death, is one factor to take into account when analysing patient safety occurrences.
Another factor to take into account is the possibility that a similar incident will occur again.
Adverse occurrences are episodes that cause injury (O'Leary, Cooper, & Hughes-
McCormack, 2018). Responded to the questionnaire who said they make modifications while
caring for persons with intellectual impairment and/or autism, there was a comparatively low
level of acquaintance with the notion of acceptable adjustments (Wilson et al., 2022).
Increased awareness and execution of appropriate changes were related to increased
confidence, comfort, and expertise when caregiving for this population. Wilson et al.,
(2022) further suggest that there should be more nursing curricula relevant to the care of
persons with intellectual disabilities and/or autism. A subset of preventable medical errors
referred to as "never events," are perhaps the most serious, mostly avoidable patient safety
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