Delivery of Bad News within Business Organisation: Qualitative Research Methodology

This report focuses on the delivery of bad news within business organisations and identifies and justifies a qualitative methodology for researching it. It includes a literature review, specific qualitative data collection techniques, appropriate target population and sample, and potential access and ethical issues.

Business Research
Methods
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Table of Contents
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................3
Literature review .............................................................................................................................3
Theme 1 Concept of delivery of bad news within business organisation..............................3
Theme 2 Process of Delivering bad news within an organisation..........................................3
Theme 3 Delivery of bad news can be analysed within working environment......................4
Identify and justify a qualitative methodology for researching the delivery of bad news...............5
Specific qualitative data collection techniques................................................................................5
Appropriate target population and your sample...............................................................................6
Explain potential access and ethical issues......................................................................................6
References .......................................................................................................................................7
Books and journals ................................................................................................................7
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Introduction
The delivery of bad news in an organisation is one of the centre. It does not depict how
organizational bad news can be delivered inside operative environment. Bad news can be
consequent in having negative environment. It comes on consistent basis (Hägglund, Kenttä, and
Wagstaff, 2021). Further, it results in customer service failures, employee lay-offs and employee
termination. There are three phases in which bad news is being transfer. These phases are
preparation, delivery and transition. This report includes literature review related to how bad
news can be delivered in an organisation. Further, it includes research methodology and
collection methods to analyse data and information in most effective manner.
Literature review
Theme 1 Concept of delivery of bad news within business organisation
According to Palumbo, (2021) It is important for managers to deliver bad news within
business environment. There is a need of sociology, psychology and medical practitioners for
starting of delivery of any bad news to the employees. It is being analysed that information
which is good incudes beneficial, desirable and should provide pleasant outcomes or any
consequences. Bad on the other hand is just opposite which includes harmful, undesirable and
unpleasant. It is obvious that bad news involves negative information which cannot be liked by
employees and staff members of an organisation. There are two approaches of bad news
transferring (Ptacek, & Eberhardt, 2021). One approach is focus on any type of negative
information that most of the employee agree with this. It is a bad news. Some of the examples of
this is job lay-offs and employee termination. The another approach is asking respondents to
define a bad news. Examples of this is refusal of requests and blame management etc. There are
certain definitions of bad news which are bad news is any type of message that adversely change
one’s
anticipate for the future. Another definition is a news that negatively alters employee view of
future (Buckman, 2021). It results in loss by receiver and creates emotional, cognitive and
behavioural shortage in receiver after receiving the news.
Theme 2 Process of Delivering bad news within an organisation
According to the views of Jackson, Rungruang, and Prescott, (2021) The delivery of bad
news in an organisation is consisting of a certain process which is started with preparing,
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delivery and transition. Starting with preparation phase, bad news activities are identified. The
preparation phase is most important for people as how a receiver will respond to the news after
they have get bad news. This consist of certain activities like giving advance warning to the
employee. It creates “paper trail” and calibrate expectations of employees working in business
environment (Miller, 2021). The other activity is using disclaimers and provide them opportunity
for voice. The managers in organisation provide them opportunity to stay their words. Then they
do rehearsal for that how to deliver bad news. The next phase is delivery of news. In this timing
of a delivery is decided by managers, medium of delivery is selected, then they face management
and self presentation. Further it includes account giving and truth telling that is delivering of bad
news. Further it includes information disclosure. The last phase is transition. In this managers
engage in public relations, provide an appeal procedure of decision. It includes scapegoating and
care-taking. Scapegoating include sacrifice someone on behalf of mistakes (Mas-Manchón,
Guerrero-Solé, and Grande, 2021). This helps in delivery bad news effectively to the employees.
Theme 3 Delivery of bad news can be analysed within working environment
From the views of Alexander, and Hofstetter, (2021) Delivery of bad news is analysed by
strategic functions of activities of bad news management. These function includes self
management, blame management, performance corrections, building commitment and support
etc. Performance correction is used for tracking a performance within public relation activities.
These activities are creating paper trail and scapegoating which helps in analysing the
information. Blame management is a function in which employers focus on their efforts on
influencing receiver casual judgements. In this primary function served is paper trail, account
giving, disclaimers (Belling, 2021). Building commitment and support is the another function
which served many activities such as public relation activities, opportunity of voice, account
giving, coalition building. It includes secondary functions also, these are providing appeal
procedure and calibrating expectations and advance warning. Self management is including
several functions like rehearsal, face management, medium delivery and self presentation. These
activities suggested that managers of organisations are concerning about emotions as non verbal
and verbal presented to other people.
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Identify and justify a qualitative methodology for researching the delivery of bad
news.
Research philosophy: Research philosophy is the process of analysing data and
information in most effective way. There are two types of research philosophy. These are
ontology and epistemological philosophy (Agrell, 2021). In this research, researcher is using
epistemology philosophy. In epistemology philosophy, interpretivism philosophy is used because
there is a use of non numerical information to analyse data and information.
Research method: There are two types of method i.e. qualitative and quantitative research
method. In this particular research, researcher is using qualitative research method. Qualitative
information is collected through literature review which includes uses of books and journals to
get in depth knowledge about a topic of bad news delivery. Further, interview is conducted for
gather qualitative information. Qualitative research is focusing on getting data by having open
communication with the respondents (Pavlidis, Madry, and Schrijvers, 2021). But in this
research, researcher is using non numeric information to get reliable and valid information about
a particular topic.
Specific qualitative data collection techniques
Research strategy: There are various types of research strategic which are used within
research project. These are experimental research, action research, case studies, literature review,
survey and interviews etc. In this present research, researcher is using literature review and
interview because it brings true and reliable information about a topic. Literature review is
conducted through analysing different books and articles which provides in depth information
about a topic. On the other hand, interview is taken by employees which provides true and clear
information about what they feel within working environment.
Data collection: In this present study, secondary information is collected because it brings
theoretical knowledge (Hillier, Williams, and Chidume, 2021). Further, it includes use of books
and journals. Secondary information is collected through literature review and interview
questions which includes qualitative research. Primary research is not taken because it involves
numerical information which involves graphs and statistical data and findings. In this research,
secondary data is collected is collected which makes use of given articles within this report.
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Appropriate target population and your sample
Sampling approach: Sampling is procedure of selecting few of the samples from large
number of population. There are two types of sampling methods i.e. probabilistic sampling and
non- probabilistic sampling. Probabilistic sampling is used by researcher in this present research
because it includes random sampling which provides equal opportunity to every respondent to be
selected in a sample. The sample size taken in this research is 5 employees from an organisation.
These employees should give interview which is taken by researcher to get reliable and true
information (Ninan, and Sergeeva, 2021). While conducting interview, researcher will be able to
analyse appropriate and true information because it is directly taken by respondents.
Explain potential access and ethical issues
Ethical issues: Ethical issue are those which are to be followed by researcher. In this
present study, researcher is facing some ethical issues like lack of interest of people in giving
answers. The other is keeping information confidential which is collected by respondents.
Researcher should follow ethics. They should not to be disclosed the results to any third party
because this may results in lack of confidentially. Another, researcher should not be bias with
respondent (Tierney, and Baumeister, 2021). They should not be take any type of baisness with
respondents answers. Further they should provide true and relevant information which they read
from articles and reduce plagiarism and any type of cheating. This will be resulting in providing
valid information.
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References
Books and journals
Agrell, W., Avoiding politicisation. In
Intelligence Analysis in the Digital Age (pp. 137-150).
Routledge.
Alexander, M. and Hofstetter, E., 2021. Somewhere to turn to: Signposting in service provision.
Discourse & Communication,
15(2), pp.119-138.
Belling, S., 2021. Leading Virtual/Remote Teams and Organizations. In
Remotely Possible (pp.
41-58). Apress, Berkeley, CA.
Buckman, R. 2021. Breaking bad news: The S-P-I-K-E-S strategy. Community Oncology, 2:
138-142.
Hägglund, K., Kenttä, G., Thelwell, R. and Wagstaff, C.R., 2021. Mindful self-reflection to
support sustainable high-performance coaching: A process evaluation of a novel method
development in elite sport.
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, pp.1-24.
Hillier, M., Williams, T.L. and Chidume, T., 2021. Standardization of standardized patient
training in medical simulation.
StatPearls [Internet].
Jackson, A., Ko, E., Rungruang, B., Ferriss, J.S., Pierce, J., Iglesias, D.A., Clements, A., Crane,
E. and Prescott, L., 2021. Proceedings of Mid-Atlantic Gynecologic Oncology Society
2020 Annual meeting.
Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol,
42(2), pp.382-401.
Mas-Manchón, L., Guerrero-Solé, F., Ramon, X. and Grande, L., 2021. Patriotic Journalism in
Fake News Warfare: El País’ Coverage of the Catalan Process.
The Political Economy
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Miller, S.G., 2021.
Years of Glory: Nelly Benatar and the Pursuit of Justice in Wartime North
Africa. Stanford University Press.
Ninan, J. and Sergeeva, N., 2021. Labyrinth of labels: Narrative constructions of promoters and
protesters in megaprojects.
International Journal of Project Management.
Palumbo, R., 2021. Engaging to innovate: an investigation into the implications of engagement
at work on innovative behaviors in healthcare organizations.
Journal of Health
Organization and Management.
Pavlidis, N., Madry, R., Peeters, M., Sandrucci, S., Markowska, J., Peccatori, F., Costa, A.,
Eriksen, J.G., Ricardi, U., Poetter, R. and Schrijvers, D., 2021. ESO-ESSO-ESTRO
multidisciplinary course in oncology for medical students: 4 years of experience (2016–
2019).
Journal of Cancer Education, pp.1-6.
Ptacek, J. T., & Eberhardt, T. L. 2021. Breaking bad news: A review of the literature. Journal of
the American
Medical Association, 276: 496-502.
Tierney, J. and Baumeister, R.F., 2021.
The power of bad: how the negativity effect rules us and
how we can rule it. Penguin Books.
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