The Delivery of Bad News in Organizations: A Framework for Analysis

This article discusses the importance of creating an environment of positivity and trust for employees to freely express their views without fear of reprisal or retribution. It also explores the different stages of bad news management activities and suggests qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews and focus groups to study the delivery of bad news. The target population and ethical considerations are also discussed.

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Project 1: Literature review analysis
Module Title: Business Research Methods

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1. Using the article below, please write a structured review around why
leaders of organisations should consider ‘how’ they deliver bad news, and
the ways this can be delivered ‘better’ as part of a more positive
employment relationship between management and employees.
Key reading
The Delivery of Bad News in Organizations: A Framework for Analysis
by Robert J. Bies (Georgetown University) [Also available on WebLearn].
(Approx. 1000 words).
Good leaders, however, know that if they really need their companies, their begin-
united statesor nations to end up powerful at serving the finest appropriate of all,
then they ought to create mechanisms that enable bad news or statistics which can
stimulate the remediation of a trouble or a complaint to get to them unfiltered, and
rapid (Baghizadeh, Cecez-Kecmanovic and Schlagwein, 2020). They realize that to
do this, they should create an surroundings of positiveness and agree with. Where
others can freely explicit their views with out worry of reprisal or retribution. In reality,
precise, wise leaders praise individuals who bring forth honest, unsullied records on
what could make higher (Verhoest and et.al., 2021). Many of you may think that
during this day and age whilst human beings can document anything they might
need to on social media, an amazing leader simplest wishes to plumb into what’s
available on such sources to get a feel of what’s going properly, and what isn’t.
Social Media is indeed a powerful source of significant statistics. But when it gets
recognized that a frontrunner and her agency in search of data that they desire to act
upon in precise religion for the extra top of all, the qualitative degree of the inputs
display mark development and is especially direct to the seeker of such facts.
As safety towards blame putting, managers regularly record any issues or issues
approximately an worker or a scenario which could lead to terrible news. For
instance, discovered managers speaking of the want to create a paper path, which

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protected formal reports and summary memos of any meetings and informal
communications with a subordinate or boss. Furthermore, he observed that
documentation occurred across distinct styles of terrible information (e.G., poor
employee performance, product exceptional problems, sales decline) and one-of-a-
kind objectives (e.G., upward, downward). Documentation also gives a actual
foundation to base improvement or corrective techniques. Not tremendously,
documentation is a valuable hobby in overall performance management. Proper
documentation is important to support a performance rating, particularly if it entails
awful information. Proper documentation is a critical aspect facilitating employee
dismissal recognized two feasible moderators of documentation (Baştuğ and Yercan,
2021). Bad news involves all factors of organizational justice: outcome, procedural,
informational, and interpersonal. What organizational justice is concerned about is
the perceived legitimacy of final results and technique.
And because the review of the literature exposed, all components of organizational
justice are served by way of several terrible information management sports
(Ranjan, and et.al., 2020). These sports encompass giving develop caution,
developing a paper trail, providing the opportunity for voice, account giving, and
reality telling and records disclosure, offering an appeal method, and caretaking.
The three levels of bad news management activities advise a selection of recent
directions for research. First, the multiphase model ought to inform principle building
and studies layout to consist of variables throughout all three stages, consequently
supplying a longitudinal and greater textured evaluation of an awful information
episode (Wiesenberg and Tench, 2020). As an example, take the case of overall
performance appraisal, that is considered as an hard assignment via most
managers.

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2a Identify and justify a qualitative methodology for researching the delivery of
bad news.
Semi-established interviews consist of numerous key questions that help to outline
the areas to be explored, however also permits the interviewer or interviewee to
diverge with a purpose to pursue an concept or reaction in more element (Orkin and
et.al., 2020). This interview layout is used maximum regularly in healthcare, because
it provides participants with some steering on what to speak about, which many
locate helpful (Cornelissen, 2020). The flexibility of this approach, specially in
comparison to dependent interviews, also lets in for the invention or elaboration of
information this is vital to participants but may not have previously been idea of as
pertinent by means of the research team.

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2b You should then set out the specific qualitative data collection
techniques (for example semi structured interviewing, unstructured
interviewing, focus groups, diary studies etc.) you would use for this study
 Please define your qualitative data technique using the
recommended readings.
 Please justify your choice of qualitative research technique. This
could either be drawn from your review of the literature in section 1,
or the advantages of these qualitative research techniques gleaned
from the recommended readings (or ideally a combination).
 References to the research methods sections of the recommended
books will be essential (Bryman and Bell, Saunders textbooks and
others) to identify and explain your qualitative research methods
technique.
(Approx 150 words)
There are a selection of techniques of information series in qualitative research,
including observations, textual or visible evaluation (eg from books or movies) and
interviews (person or organization). However, the most not unusual methods used,
in particular in healthcare studies, are interviews and recognition companies
(Dranove and Burns, 2021). There are 3 essential sorts of research interviews:
structured, semi-structured and unstructured. Structured interviews are, basically,
verbally administered questionnaires, wherein a listing of predetermined questions
are asked, with very little variant and with no scope for observe-up questions to
responses that warrant similarly elaboration (Holm, Drogendijk and ul Haq, 2020).
Consequently, they may be quite short and smooth to administer and may be of
precise use if rationalization of certain questions are required or if there are likely to
be literacy or numeracy troubles with the respondents. However, with the aid of their
very nature, they best allow for restricted player responses and are, therefore, of
little use if intensity is needed. Structured interviews are clean to copy as a fixed set
of closed questions are used, which might be clean to quantify this means it is
simple to test for reliability. Structured interviews are fairly short to behavior this
means that that many interviews can take location inside a brief amount of time.

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2c You should consider an appropriate target population and your sample
(who would be included in your sample).
 References to the research methods sections of the recommended
books will be essential (Bryman and Bell, Saunders textbooks and
others) to help identify and explain your sampling approach.
(Approx 100 words)
Also referred to as audience, this time period refers to a group of people that own
certain attributes that may be labeled properly to split them from the entire
population. The cause of this method is to understand and evaluate their alternatives
and behaviors in order to marketplace a given service or product or to study a given
detail that looks among them like behavior styles (Jia, Rai and Xu, 2020). It is a
concept that relates with market segmentation techniques employed via
corporations. The target populace is critical for three number one motives such as it
units clean path on the scope and objective of the research and records sorts.
Defines the characteristic variables of the individuals who qualify for the observe.
Provides the scope of the entire population or universe for determining sample size.

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2d Explain potential access and ethical issues that you would consider if
embarking on this qualitative research study.
 References to the research methods sections of the recommended
books will be essential (Bryman and Bell, Saunders textbooks and
others) to identify and explain your access and ethics
considerations.
 Please use the Harvard referencing system for all points.
(Approx 100 words)
A research population desires to be comfy giving us private details or discussing
controversial facts, and, very importantly, we want to respect confidentiality round
this. The researcher wants to make sure that they provide a task population with
confidentiality in any respect tiers of our studies. This is going past getting informed
consent from studies individuals (MacNeil, 2020). The may want to conceal
identities of these giving controversial statistics, or in some times locate diplomatic
methods to launch research findings. Ethical concerns in research are a set of
principles that manual your studies designs and practices. These standards consist
of voluntary participation, knowledgeable consent, anonymity, confidentiality,
capability for damage, and outcomes communication.

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Reference list
Baghizadeh, Z., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. and Schlagwein, D., 2020. Review and critique
of the information systems development project failure literature: An argument
for exploring information systems development project distress. Journal of
Information Technology, 35(2), pp.123-142.
Baştuğ, S. and Yercan, F., 2021. An explanatory approach to assess resilience: An
evaluation of competitive priorities for logistics organizations. Transport
Policy, 103, pp.156-166.
Cornelissen, J., 2020. Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage.
Dranove, D. and Burns, L.R., 2021. Big Med: Megaproviders and the High Cost of
Health Care in America. University of Chicago Press.
Holm, D.B., Drogendijk, R. and ul Haq, H., 2020. An attention-based view on managing
information processing channels in organizations. Scandinavian Journal of
Management, 36(2), p.101106.
Jia, N., Rai, A. and Xu, S.X., 2020. Reducing capital market anomaly: The role of
information technology using an information uncertainty lens. Management
Science, 66(2), pp.979-1001.
MacNeil, R., 2020. The next US president should lean on the military to address
climate change.
Orkin, J. and et.al., 2020. Toward an understanding of advance care planning in
children with medical complexity. Pediatrics, 145(3).
Ranjan, K.R. and et.al., 2020. Effect of frontline employee's hope and consumer failure
during consumer-created emergencies. Journal of Service Theory and
Practice.
Verhoest, K. and et.al., 2021. How does organizational task matter for the reputation of
public agencies?. Regulation & Governance.
Wiesenberg, M. and Tench, R., 2020. Deep strategic mediatization: Organizational
leaders’ knowledge and usage of social bots in an era of
disinformation. International Journal of Information Management, 51,
p.102042.