Dementia and Digital Storytelling Interventions: A Literature Review

This literature review discusses the challenges faced by individuals with dementia and the effectiveness of digital storytelling interventions. It covers the background, methods, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and findings of the study. The study aims to determine the capability and usability of digital storytelling interventions for mental health and creative art therapies for individuals living with dementia.

Dementia

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................3
OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM IN THE LOCAL CONTEXT ......................................................3
METHODS ..........................................................................................................................................3
INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA ...................................................................................3
BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................3
DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION –.................................................................................................................................3
GAPS AND LIMITATION IN THE LITERATURE ...........................................................................3
FINDINGS...........................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION
Studies has concluded that the rates of dementia has been increased in aged group. In 2020,
60 million of individual are living with dementia globally through which number of have been
selected that ensure that dealing with dementia is challenging and might also it becomes burden in
aged people, and also “The effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive functions, depression, and
quality of life in Dementia patients: Randomized controlled trial', International journal of geriatric
psychiatry state that will more individuals expected to increase to 82 million in the next ten years.
Dementia is a complicated mental distress that is due to brain injury or disease. Hence it can affect
the ability of thinking and many also harm the intellectual skills of an individual(Young and et. al.,
2018).
There are numerous of challenges which are faced by an individual living along with mental
distress. The introduction of evidence based practice as well as the approach in order to attain
evidence it stimulate within research and evaluation has been conducted in regards with mental
health. According to WHO, dementia and cognitive may lead an individual to disability and reliance
with in old age people. Studies concluded that Dementia is associated mental distress with cognitive
impairment (Scales, Zimmerman & Miller, 2018). Particularity in 2010, the global cost of Dementia
was 503 billion, by 2030 it predicated to get extend 2000 million. The main objective to prepare this
research paper is to prepare a critique of EBP with a specific relation to mental health nursing. This
research has been carry forward in order to demonstrate the better understanding of mental distress
(dementia), and how an individual may deal with serious problems.
Keywords
Old Age People, Dementia, Digital Storytelling, Interventions, Review, Techniques,
Technology, ICT, MCT, cognitive decline and cognitive impairment
Definition Of Terminology
Dementia
it is type of mental distress that can affect the capability and ability of an individual. It
generally occur in old age group, and also it is due to brain injury and disease that can affect the
neurons in brain.
Digital Intervention
Digital story telling is a technical intervention for a person who is suffering from dementia,
an individual allow to have exposure of belonging, loved ones, memories through images, photos
and videos.

Reminiscence Therapy:
It is therapy used by health care professional that may highly aims on stroing the lost meory
of an individual.
Research questionnaire
Does reminiscence therapy have a positive or negative effect on institutionalized dementia
patient’s quality of life?
BACKGROUND
The research has supported the cognitive tools that are cost saving and beneficence that also
that are foster though communication technologies (ICT) in targetted individuals. In this research
patients who were with mild cognitive impairment and age constance cognitive declination. Due to
effects of dementia, however the application of ICT on such individual becomes challenging. In 30
individuals, the participants with age between 50-90 years have diagnosed with Mild cognitive
impairment (McGrath and et. al., 2017).
According to studies, Mental illness as stated to be significant and compulsory content for
health care professional. In some countries it is most likely to taken as for granted and better
education in respect to causes and treatment for psychological disorders can not demonstrated due
to some extra ordinary causes. Mental health concepts should be included and introduced early and
aslo added up at time of training so that if situation occur in the filed so that they can response to it
accordingly. The ongoing education is also termed to be significant as this study will enhance their
knowledge and skills (Urden,Stacy and Lough, 2019). Advocacy, assessment of mental health
disorders, emotional self care, management and organisation of emergency cases such as suicides,
violence, behavioural changes, public mental health promotions etc.
Studies concluded that there can be number issues for an individual who are suffering from
dementia that may include memory loss, problems with communication skills and also their losing
the sense of their identity. The therapies which are refereed in the dementia are storytelling,
exposure of old photographs and so on. Most effective therapy which is adopted by number of
health care professionals is storytelling. The story that can be review by them that can be small clip
of 3 to 5 min with number of still images, music, their loved ones videos, narration or hand written
letters and chosen woven together in order to impact messages to several audience example family,
loved ones, care providers, members of community and also general public. The clip messages and
topics may range from their personal life phase.

Objective
To determine adverse effects of RT on individuals living along with dementia and their
caregivers, taking on account variations in its application that involves setting, care home,
community and modality
OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM IN THE LOCAL CONTEXT
As per the studies, it has been determined that Dementia is second leading cause of death in
Australia. In 2016, dementia has termed to become leading cause of mortality Australian females,
surpassing cardiovascular disease that has induce he several risk for an individuals. The finding
may considered as the rate of usage of technologies are on peak. As the majority of number of
people also appreciate the presence and the implementation of such technologies in a particular
field. The determinants also concluded that visual artifices for example the infamous screen door
effect that can be appearance of pixel borders due to the close exposure of the display screen to the
an individual's eyes. As for the modification high pixel density are termed to be solution of this
problem (Deckers and et. al., 2017).
Reminiscence treatment (RT) was acquainted with dementia care in the last part of the 1970s
(Deckers and et. al., 2017) and has taken an assortment of structures. At its generally fundamental,
it includes the conversation of past exercises, occasions and encounters, normally with the guide of
unmistakable prompts (for example photos, family and other recognizable things from an earlier
time, music and file sound accounts). All the more as of late, advanced capacity and show of
photos, music and video cuts have gotten broadly utilized (Subramaniam, 2020).
The advancement of memory work is typically followed to Butler 1963's initial work on
"Life Review." Butler depicted Life Review as a normally happening measure where the individual
thinks back on his/her life and ponders past encounters, including unsettled hardships and clashes
(Reynish and et. al., 2017). This idea was joined in psychotherapy for more established individuals,
which underscores that life audit can be useful in advancing a feeling of uprightness and change.
Steward's original work added to the alter in proficient viewpoints on memory. Maybe than being
seen as an issue, with the more established individual 'living previously,' memory was sees as a
powerful interaction of change. (Reynish and et. al., 2017)
The World Health Organisation describe that dementia is problem as a syndrome which is
determination in cognitive function that is hough process system of an individual beyond it might
induce due to ageing. It is progressive and complicated stage of an individual that can cause serious
signs. Studies further concluded that an individual might loose a sense, emotional control,
motivation, behavioural changes such as antisocial and so on.

Around a similar time, expanding interest in oral history implied that the memories of more
established individuals were esteemed all the more enormously. In the Australia, the improvement
of the 'Review' tape‐slide bundle (Help the Aged) implied that memory triggers were generally
accessible in day care focuses, care homes and clinics, driving many staff to build up some type of
memory work, of variable quality. There was additionally interest in utilizing memory to direct
natural plan on the premise that, for instance, a parlor of a consideration home which looked like a
lounge from prior in the individual's life would appear to be more recognizable and might prompt
better support of freedom.
As in the decades, it is been consider as globally topic to attain attention has been drawn to
the rate of recovery services that are seek in order to promote the personal recovery journey of
patients with mental health issues and illness. The long term illness of dementia can be considered
as memory problems or slot of confusion, attaining learning and understanding in a slow
progression, loss of hearing abilities, discomfort and pain and so on. The recovery is a stage that can
be consider as time taking and in some cases the recovery chances becomes zero for patients in
which they most likely to demand a proper care and medication to induce and promote the recovery
of an individual. There is comparison in the intervention which is highly effective and provide
better health and can help to deliver better management which is highly effective for delivering
better health.
It is apparent that memory work might take various structures, from psychotherapy through
to natural update. There is a broad writing on the different elements of memory, with various
arrangement frameworks proposed. Contrasts have arisen between memory capacities in their
relationship with emotional well-being, with looking for personality having a positive affiliation
and an emphasis on sharpness, fatigue decrease and misfortune being related with more regrettable
psychological wellness (Subramaniam, 2020).
METHODS
The study has been structured in a way anonymized preventable and controlled single blind
study There are numerous of challenges which are faced by an individual living along with mental
distress. he introduction of evidence based practice as well as the approach in order to attain
evidence it stimulate within research and evaluation has been conducted in regards with mental
health. The main objective to prepare this research paper is to prepare a critique of EBP with a
specific relation to mental health nursing(Ticinesi, and et. al., 2018).This research has been carry
forward in order to demonstrate the better understanding of mental distress (dementia), and how an
individual may deal with serious problems. understand and observe basic needs and an individual's

feelings. The communication can be induced as per the interest of an individual. According to view,
an individual activities should be in regards with the interest of an individual. The basic structure of
a within policy is to make clear each circumstances which can induced in a patient's personal care
and physical stages. According to the author it has been characterised as search induced through
application of electronic databases such as CINAHL, PsycINFO, web of science, Scopus, EMBASE
and social gentology. The effective methods also that can be consider in a research are regular
activities and speech therapies with individuals who are suffering form serious causes of dementia.
INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIAInclusion:
The data which has been used of digital storytelling intervention consist, people with age 48
and more older individuals and also persons who were suffering from mild stage if dementia. There
are cut off point if view also included where life expectancy are less. The technical interventions
that are implicated are derived through technical readiness standard (TRL). The form of digital can
produce and to create stories with the help of non physical media for example video with sounds
effect or without sounds, animated and so on that can employ sort of data miming as well as
artificial intellectual in order to create the narrative forms. The data extracted through papers and
journals mostly published in January 10, 2018. Papers that are used in a research with affirmative
and negative response (Kivipelto and et. al.,2018).
Exclusion:
Data has been used in this study are completely extracted through digital medium that is in
the absence of any digital story. A final conference process in regards with dementia. There were
abstract and some papers that were unavailable to alternate, paper did not represent complete data
for example description of an individuals, technicalities responses and readiness. Complete papers
were not available (Evripidou and et. al., 2019).
DISCUSSION
The represented study aims to determine capability and usability of system,as per author
system for Mental health and also creative and innovative creative types of art therapies while
spending the living with dementia. The narrative synthesis of these story might help in an individual
recovery and coping from dementia. It has been observed through studies, for older pople it is
difficult and also complicated for them, to stay connected and get in touch with their family, relative
and also fried as well as general community, here it may evolves numerous of challenges and
consequences (Wu and et. al., 2018). In this following way it can determine as some individual may
feel disconnected and voiceless. Other qualitative studies represented that loneliness, isolation,

optimisms as well as self compassion are effective factors that can promote the mental distress of an
individual.
RT includes examining occasions and encounters from an earlier time. It means to summon
recollections, invigorate mental action and improve well‐being. Memory is regularly helped by
props like recordings, pictures and articles. It can happen in a gathering or be finished with an
individual all alone, when it frequently brings about some type of life‐story book being made. RT
assists more seasoned individuals with wretchedness.(Delwel and et. al., 2018) It very well might be
reasonable for individuals with dementia both on the grounds that downturn is normal in dementia
and on the grounds that individuals with dementia regularly have a superior memory for the far off
past than for ongoing occasions.
Individuals having RT scored marginally better compared to the benchmark group on trial of
cognizance following the course of treatment, however not weeks to months after the fact. It was
not satisfactory that the impact was adequately huge to be significant. The impact was generally
apparent in care home investigations, which utilized individual RT, however not in local area
examines, which utilized gathering RT. Studies found that bunch RT and RT in local area settings
might positively affect the correspondence and cooperation of the individual with dementia
following the finish of treatment, and likely additionally weeks to months after the fact, albeit the
impact was little.
Aside from a plausible slight advantage of individual RT on scales estimating discouraged
state of mind, we discovered no proof for impacts of RT on different results, like disturbance,
capacity to complete day by day exercises or associations with others (Delwel and et. al., 2018). It
has beendiscovered no proof of hurtful impacts of RT for individuals with dementia themselves.
Studies discovered no impact of RT on family carers other than an idea that it made carers
marginally more restless in two enormous investigations of joint memory work. In this sort of RT,
the carers and individuals with dementia were both straightforwardly engaged with the memory
meetings.
Innovative interventions
As per the author the current discussion that can concomitantly shifted and divert the focus
gastric care from “coping and curing to caring”. Due to rising level of isolation and depression,
strengthen health centres, satellite centres, group discussions as well. The depression campaign can
generated innovative idea in which an individual can reduce self-doubt feeling and able learn about
self-worth. Through making themselves worthy in their life by managing their life easy and
organised. As per the author, It has been recommended that campaign can improvise the idea by
indulging individuals in each and every activities and each person should feel loved and wanted.

The proper medication and meditation should be followed in order to achieve successful results.
The therapies of dementia such as behavioural therapies and cognitive therapies are considered as
effective and potentially can help an individual and ensure to promote wellness of a person
(Ticinesi, and et. al., 2018).
FINDINGS
From research it has been extract that in 2015, the federal government may provide an extra
financial security as 200 million dollar for psychological distress (dementia) over five to six years.
The author concluded that essentially boosting capital for Australia's dementia research system that
can be raised toll 60 million dollar per year. He search has been communicated, coordinated as well
as financially funded through National Health Medical Research Council's National institute of
Dementia Research that has been established through federal authorities. The support and policies
are made in early diagnosis of dementia research. The estimated data shows that there are total 58
percent of healthcare organisation those adopted the application of VR (Basit, Wohlfahrt & Boyd,
2018).
The campaigns and funds are raised through Dementia Australia Research Foundation that
are being supported through new and young researchers through projects affirmation and grants as
well as by scholarship themes. As it provides to benefits and it also revels the raise of recovery of
patients. There are many people who gradually recovered and reduce the anxieties which they use
to feel at alone places. The international statics of dementia conclude as there are 50 million of an
individuals who are suffering issues and challenges of psychological distress and it is also predicted
that he cases if dementia may lead 121.5 million by 2040. Hence it can help to distract their mind
and can provide them a segment to focus as well.
Due to this application, the reduction in the mortality rate as well as the rate of depression.
As per the data of report, it has been determined that every three seconds, an individual in the world
may develop dementia. It has been observed that there is less awareness, knowledge and
understanding appeared in respect of mental distress. Living with dementia may also induce
associated disease such as Alzheimer, serious stage of depression hat can lead an individual to
mortality. Studies concluded that the implementation of the technologies hence adopted by several
organisation as well as by hospice (Barnes and et. al., 2018). The mental trauma can affects a person
a lot as the intensity of the effects are high and risky as well and it is also risky and serious for
individuals who are suffering from Dementia.
As per studies, a person who have mental issues are most likely to be antisocial and reduce
interaction with other citizens, neighbours and also with their family members. The studies

concluded that here introduction of innovative strategies can be efficient use of VR technologies
can be seen (Alizadeh, 2019). As per the health care professionals it has been founded form
dementia cases that VR is easy and convenient medium from which a person can be able to connect
from world such as visual shopping, visual games, therapies etc. by that these patients can utilize
their time and can make their day and night productive (Barnes and et. al., 2018). As it have all
features and can suggest things as favourable to the person. Hence, the usage and implementation
of digital story telling to an individual minimized anxieties and helped an individual, to cope with
depression.
GAPS AND LIMITATION IN THE LITERATURE
As per the study, the study's limitation can be considered as limited geographical area.
Author also considered the data and statistics of 12 week records and progress, long term progress
of intervention such as digital story steeling, art therapy along with reminiscence are still unknown.
The test that can be induced was in small area. Such in this case inclusion criteria was different
health care centres, social and city health care centre was involved in research inclusion criteria.
Age factor of 30 to 44 is consider in this research because this problem basically occur in this age
group. (Stall, and et. al., 2019)
Therefore, the majority of people that are considered as research participants, that may
extend the area and length of the ,methodologies at least 18 weeks, that also hold two main
intervention and hence long term observation might help to attain the valid result of study and the
result may considered as accurate. 500 studies was called through EBSCO host and 100 through
global health data on the basis of inclusion (Grove, and Gray, 2018). Practices or process of the
cervical manipulation consider. Paper published before 15 years was excluded from the research
because this can create more complexity in research due to the huge numbers of data and due to the
changes at present health care practices from the past 15 years.
The author concluded that due to lack of sources the results that is given away may also
depend on single person's subjective focused and reviewed. Hence the days of progress were
minimum and exacts so the data may also varies if may also individual were specifically examined
and observed by author it may also help to understand the effectiveness of study. Age group below
30 year was excluded, use of the non copy right and non peer-reviewed paper was excluded due to
the chances of irrelevant data (LoBiondo-Wood, and Haber, 2017).
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded through considered studies and online articles that art therapy is a

established as effective technology in regards with dementia. It may help hem in evoking the
positive feelings and memories that can be induce peace, joy as well as relaxation. There are
suitable affect of art therapy on the agitated behaviour. The result which can be considered and
study also shows this therapy beneficial in alleviating behaviours pattern in older people with
dementia. The effective result can be increased and elevated socialisation of a person, raising of self
esteem and self confidence, lowering the level of anxieties and depression in such individuals,
minimize mental and behavioural sings and symptoms as well as use of unpredicted psychiatric
medications and increased the quality of life and level of care for an individual. It has been
concluded through number of studies that the there is little awareness and attention in regards with
mental distress. In some cases there are individuals who are not able to attain the quality of care and
also standard lifestyle due to day to day stress of their life and this factor promotes mental distress
that can harm an individual physical health.

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